feat: bump versions to 1.10.1a1

* refactor: update step callback methods to support asynchronous invocation

- Replaced synchronous step callback invocations with asynchronous counterparts in the CrewAgentExecutor class.
- Introduced a new async method _ainvoke_step_callback to handle step callbacks in an async context, improving responsiveness and performance in asynchronous workflows.

* chore: bump version to 1.10.1b1 across multiple files

- Updated version strings from 1.10.1b to 1.10.1b1 in various project files including pyproject.toml and __init__.py files.
- Adjusted dependency specifications to reflect the new version in relevant templates and modules.

docs/en/changelog.mdx

@@ -4,6 +4,56 @@ description: "Product updates, improvements, and bug fixes for CrewAI"
 icon: "clock"
 mode: "wide"
 ---
+<Update label="Feb 26, 2026">
+  ## v1.10.0
+
+  [View release on GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.10.0)
+
+  ## What's Changed
+
+  ### Features
+  - Enhance MCP tool resolution and related events
+  - Update lancedb version and add lance-namespace packages
+  - Enhance JSON argument parsing and validation in CrewAgentExecutor and BaseTool
+  - Migrate CLI HTTP client from requests to httpx
+  - Add versioned documentation
+  - Add yanked detection for version notes
+  - Implement user input handling in Flows
+  - Enhance HITL self-loop functionality in human feedback integration tests
+  - Add started_event_id and set in eventbus
+  - Auto update tools.specs
+
+  ### Bug Fixes
+  - Validate tool kwargs even when empty to prevent cryptic TypeError
+  - Preserve null types in tool parameter schemas for LLM
+  - Map output_pydantic/output_json to native structured output
+  - Ensure callbacks are ran/awaited if promise
+  - Capture method name in exception context
+  - Preserve enum type in router result; improve types
+  - Fix cyclic flows silently breaking when persistence ID is passed in inputs
+  - Correct CLI flag format from --skip-provider to --skip_provider
+  - Ensure OpenAI tool call stream is finalized
+  - Resolve complex schema $ref pointers in MCP tools
+  - Enforce additionalProperties=false in schemas
+  - Reject reserved script names for crew folders
+  - Resolve race condition in guardrail event emission test
+
+  ### Documentation
+  - Add litellm dependency note for non-native LLM providers
+  - Clarify NL2SQL security model and hardening guidance
+  - Add 96 missing actions across 9 integrations
+
+  ### Refactoring
+  - Refactor crew to provider
+  - Extract HITL to provider pattern
+  - Improve hook typing and registration
+
+  ## Contributors
+
+  @dependabot[bot], @github-actions[bot], @github-code-quality[bot], @greysonlalonde, @heitorado, @hobostay, @joaomdmoura, @johnvan7, @jonathansampson, @lorenzejay, @lucasgomide, @mattatcha, @mplachta, @nicoferdi96, @theCyberTech, @thiagomoretto, @vinibrsl
+
+</Update>
+
 <Update label="Jan 26, 2026">
   ## v1.9.0
 

docs/en/concepts/llms.mdx

@@ -106,6 +106,15 @@ There are different places in CrewAI code where you can specify the model to use
   </Tab>
 </Tabs>
 
+<Info>
+  CrewAI provides native SDK integrations for OpenAI, Anthropic, Google (Gemini API), Azure, and AWS Bedrock — no extra install needed beyond the provider-specific extras (e.g. `uv add "crewai[openai]"`).
+
+  All other providers are powered by **LiteLLM**. If you plan to use any of them, add it as a dependency to your project:
+  ```bash
+  uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+  ```
+</Info>
+
 ## Provider Configuration Examples
 
 CrewAI supports a multitude of LLM providers, each offering unique features, authentication methods, and model capabilities.
@@ -275,6 +284,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
     | `meta_llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct-FP8` | 128k | 4028 | Text, Image | Text |
     | `meta_llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct` | 128k | 4028 | Text | Text |
     | `meta_llama/Llama-3.3-8B-Instruct` | 128k | 4028 | Text | Text |
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Anthropic">
@@ -571,6 +585,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
     | gemini-1.5-flash               | 1M tokens      | Balanced multimodal model, good for most tasks                    |
     | gemini-1.5-flash-8B            | 1M tokens      | Fastest, most cost-efficient, good for high-frequency tasks       |
     | gemini-1.5-pro                 | 2M tokens      | Best performing, wide variety of reasoning tasks including logical reasoning, coding, and creative collaboration |
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Azure">
@@ -766,6 +785,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
         model="sagemaker/<my-endpoint>"
     )
     ```
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Mistral">
@@ -781,6 +805,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
         temperature=0.7
     )
     ```
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Nvidia NIM">
@@ -867,6 +896,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
     | rakuten/rakutenai-7b-instruct                                     | 1,024 tokens   | Advanced state-of-the-art LLM with language understanding, superior reasoning, and text generation. |
     | rakuten/rakutenai-7b-chat                                         | 1,024 tokens   | Advanced state-of-the-art LLM with language understanding, superior reasoning, and text generation. |
     | baichuan-inc/baichuan2-13b-chat                                  | 4,096 tokens   | Support Chinese and English chat, coding, math, instruction following, solving quizzes |
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Local NVIDIA NIM Deployed using WSL2">
@@ -907,6 +941,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
 
         # ...
     ```
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Groq">
@@ -928,6 +967,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
     | Llama 3.1 70B/8B  | 131,072 tokens   | High-performance, large context tasks      |
     | Llama 3.2 Series  | 8,192 tokens     | General-purpose tasks                      |
     | Mixtral 8x7B      | 32,768 tokens    | Balanced performance and context           |
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="IBM watsonx.ai">
@@ -950,6 +994,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
         base_url="https://api.watsonx.ai/v1"
     )
     ```
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Ollama (Local LLMs)">
@@ -963,6 +1012,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
         base_url="http://localhost:11434"
     )
     ```
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Fireworks AI">
@@ -978,6 +1032,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
         temperature=0.7
     )
     ```
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Perplexity AI">
@@ -993,6 +1052,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
         base_url="https://api.perplexity.ai/"
     )
     ```
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Hugging Face">
@@ -1007,6 +1071,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
         model="huggingface/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct"
     )
     ```
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="SambaNova">
@@ -1030,6 +1099,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
     | Llama 3.2 Series   | 8,192 tokens           | General-purpose, multimodal tasks            |
     | Llama 3.3 70B      | Up to 131,072 tokens   | High-performance and output quality          |
     | Qwen2 familly      | 8,192 tokens           | High-performance and output quality          |
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Cerebras">
@@ -1055,6 +1129,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
       - Good balance of speed and quality
       - Support for long context windows
     </Info>
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Open Router">
@@ -1077,6 +1156,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
       - openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-r1
       - openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-chat
     </Info>
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Nebius AI Studio">
@@ -1099,6 +1183,11 @@ In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure,
       - Competitive pricing
       - Good balance of speed and quality
     </Info>
+
+    **Note:** This provider uses LiteLLM. Add it as a dependency to your project:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 </AccordionGroup>
 

docs/en/learn/llm-connections.mdx

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ mode: "wide"
 
 ## Connect CrewAI to LLMs
 
-CrewAI uses LiteLLM to connect to a wide variety of Language Models (LLMs). This integration provides extensive versatility, allowing you to use models from numerous providers with a simple, unified interface.
+CrewAI connects to LLMs through native SDK integrations for the most popular providers (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google Gemini, Azure, and AWS Bedrock), and uses LiteLLM as a flexible fallback for all other providers.
 
 <Note>
     By default, CrewAI uses the `gpt-4o-mini` model. This is determined by the `OPENAI_MODEL_NAME` environment variable, which defaults to "gpt-4o-mini" if not set.
@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@ LiteLLM supports a wide range of providers, including but not limited to:
 
 For a complete and up-to-date list of supported providers, please refer to the [LiteLLM Providers documentation](https://docs.litellm.ai/docs/providers).
 
+<Info>
+  To use any provider not covered by a native integration, add LiteLLM as a dependency to your project:
+  ```bash
+  uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+  ```
+  Native providers (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google Gemini, Azure, AWS Bedrock) use their own SDK extras — see the [Provider Configuration Examples](/en/concepts/llms#provider-configuration-examples).
+</Info>
+
 ## Changing the LLM
 
 To use a different LLM with your CrewAI agents, you have several options:

docs/en/observability/tracing.mdx

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Visit [app.crewai.com](https://app.crewai.com) and create your free account. Thi
 If you haven't already, install CrewAI with the CLI tools:
 
 ```bash
-uv add crewai[tools]
+uv add 'crewai[tools]'
 ```
 
 Then authenticate your CLI with your CrewAI AMP account:

docs/ko/changelog.mdx

@@ -4,6 +4,56 @@ description: "CrewAI의 제품 업데이트, 개선 사항 및 버그 수정"
 icon: "clock"
 mode: "wide"
 ---
+<Update label="2026년 2월 26일">
+  ## v1.10.0
+
+  [GitHub 릴리스 보기](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.10.0)
+
+  ## 변경 사항
+
+  ### 기능
+  - MCP 도구 해상도 및 관련 이벤트 개선
+  - lancedb 버전 업데이트 및 lance-namespace 패키지 추가
+  - CrewAgentExecutor 및 BaseTool에서 JSON 인수 파싱 및 검증 개선
+  - CLI HTTP 클라이언트를 requests에서 httpx로 마이그레이션
+  - 버전화된 문서 추가
+  - 버전 노트에 대한 yanked 감지 추가
+  - Flows에서 사용자 입력 처리 구현
+  - 인간 피드백 통합 테스트에서 HITL 자기 루프 기능 개선
+  - eventbus에 started_event_id 추가 및 설정
+  - tools.specs 자동 업데이트
+
+  ### 버그 수정
+  - 빈 경우에도 도구 kwargs를 검증하여 모호한 TypeError 방지
+  - LLM을 위한 도구 매개변수 스키마에서 null 타입 유지
+  - output_pydantic/output_json을 네이티브 구조화된 출력으로 매핑
+  - 약속이 있는 경우 콜백이 실행/대기되도록 보장
+  - 예외 컨텍스트에서 메서드 이름 캡처
+  - 라우터 결과에서 enum 타입 유지; 타입 개선
+  - 입력으로 지속성 ID가 전달될 때 조용히 깨지는 순환 흐름 수정
+  - CLI 플래그 형식을 --skip-provider에서 --skip_provider로 수정
+  - OpenAI 도구 호출 스트림이 완료되도록 보장
+  - MCP 도구에서 복잡한 스키마 $ref 포인터 해결
+  - 스키마에서 additionalProperties=false 강제 적용
+  - 크루 폴더에 대해 예약된 스크립트 이름 거부
+  - 가드레일 이벤트 방출 테스트에서 경쟁 조건 해결
+
+  ### 문서
+  - 비네이티브 LLM 공급자를 위한 litellm 종속성 노트 추가
+  - NL2SQL 보안 모델 및 강화 지침 명확화
+  - 9개 통합에서 96개의 누락된 작업 추가
+
+  ### 리팩토링
+  - crew를 provider로 리팩토링
+  - HITL을 provider 패턴으로 추출
+  - 훅 타이핑 및 등록 개선
+
+  ## 기여자
+
+  @dependabot[bot], @github-actions[bot], @github-code-quality[bot], @greysonlalonde, @heitorado, @hobostay, @joaomdmoura, @johnvan7, @jonathansampson, @lorenzejay, @lucasgomide, @mattatcha, @mplachta, @nicoferdi96, @theCyberTech, @thiagomoretto, @vinibrsl
+
+</Update>
+
 <Update label="2026년 1월 26일">
   ## v1.9.0
 

docs/ko/concepts/llms.mdx

@@ -105,6 +105,15 @@ CrewAI 코드 내에는 사용할 모델을 지정할 수 있는 여러 위치
   </Tab>
 </Tabs>
 
+<Info>
+  CrewAI는 OpenAI, Anthropic, Google (Gemini API), Azure, AWS Bedrock에 대해 네이티브 SDK 통합을 제공합니다 — 제공자별 extras(예: `uv add "crewai[openai]"`) 외에 추가 설치가 필요하지 않습니다.
+
+  그 외 모든 제공자는 **LiteLLM**을 통해 지원됩니다. 이를 사용하려면 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+  ```bash
+  uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+  ```
+</Info>
+
 ## 공급자 구성 예시
 
 CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양한 LLM 공급자를 지원합니다.
@@ -214,6 +223,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
     | `meta_llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct-FP8` | 128k | 4028 | 텍스트, 이미지     | 텍스트           |
     | `meta_llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct`               | 128k | 4028       | 텍스트            | 텍스트           |
     | `meta_llama/Llama-3.3-8B-Instruct`                | 128k | 4028       | 텍스트            | 텍스트           |
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Anthropic">
@@ -354,6 +368,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
     | gemini-1.5-flash                 | 1M 토큰         | 밸런스 잡힌 멀티모달 모델, 대부분의 작업에 적합                         |
     | gemini-1.5-flash-8B              | 1M 토큰         | 가장 빠르고, 비용 효율적, 고빈도 작업에 적합                            |
     | gemini-1.5-pro                   | 2M 토큰         | 최고의 성능, 논리적 추론, 코딩, 창의적 협업 등 다양한 추론 작업에 적합   |
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Azure">
@@ -439,6 +458,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
         model="sagemaker/<my-endpoint>"
     )
     ```
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Mistral">
@@ -454,6 +478,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
         temperature=0.7
     )
     ```
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Nvidia NIM">
@@ -540,6 +569,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
     | rakuten/rakutenai-7b-instruct                                          | 1,024 토큰     | 언어 이해, 추론, 텍스트 생성이 탁월한 최첨단 LLM                         |
     | rakuten/rakutenai-7b-chat                                              | 1,024 토큰     | 언어 이해, 추론, 텍스트 생성이 탁월한 최첨단 LLM                         |
     | baichuan-inc/baichuan2-13b-chat                                        | 4,096 토큰     | 중국어 및 영어 대화, 코딩, 수학, 지시 따르기, 퀴즈 풀이 지원             |
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Local NVIDIA NIM Deployed using WSL2">
@@ -580,6 +614,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
 
         # ...
     ```
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Groq">
@@ -601,6 +640,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
     | Llama 3.1 70B/8B| 131,072 토큰      | 고성능, 대용량 문맥 작업         |
     | Llama 3.2 Series| 8,192 토큰        | 범용 작업                        |
     | Mixtral 8x7B    | 32,768 토큰       | 성능과 문맥의 균형               |
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="IBM watsonx.ai">
@@ -623,6 +667,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
         base_url="https://api.watsonx.ai/v1"
     )
     ```
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Ollama (Local LLMs)">
@@ -636,6 +685,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
         base_url="http://localhost:11434"
     )
     ```
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Fireworks AI">
@@ -651,6 +705,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
         temperature=0.7
     )
     ```
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Perplexity AI">
@@ -666,6 +725,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
         base_url="https://api.perplexity.ai/"
     )
     ```
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Hugging Face">
@@ -680,6 +744,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
         model="huggingface/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct"
     )
     ```
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="SambaNova">
@@ -703,6 +772,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
     | Llama 3.2 Series| 8,192 토큰         | 범용, 멀티모달 작업                  |
     | Llama 3.3 70B   | 최대 131,072 토큰   | 고성능, 높은 출력 품질               |
     | Qwen2 familly   | 8,192 토큰         | 고성능, 높은 출력 품질               |
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Cerebras">
@@ -728,6 +802,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
       - 속도와 품질의 우수한 밸런스
       - 긴 컨텍스트 윈도우 지원
     </Info>
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Open Router">
@@ -750,6 +829,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
       - openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-r1
       - openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-chat
     </Info>
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Nebius AI Studio">
@@ -772,6 +856,11 @@ CrewAI는 고유한 기능, 인증 방법, 모델 역량을 제공하는 다양
       - 경쟁력 있는 가격
       - 속도와 품질의 우수한 밸런스
     </Info>
+
+    **참고:** 이 제공자는 LiteLLM을 사용합니다. 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 </AccordionGroup>
 

docs/ko/learn/llm-connections.mdx

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ mode: "wide"
 
 ## CrewAI를 LLM에 연결하기
 
-CrewAI는 LiteLLM을 사용하여 다양한 언어 모델(LLM)에 연결합니다. 이 통합은 높은 다양성을 제공하여, 여러 공급자의 모델을 간단하고 통합된 인터페이스로 사용할 수 있게 해줍니다.
+CrewAI는 가장 인기 있는 제공자(OpenAI, Anthropic, Google Gemini, Azure, AWS Bedrock)에 대해 네이티브 SDK 통합을 통해 LLM에 연결하며, 그 외 모든 제공자에 대해서는 LiteLLM을 유연한 폴백으로 사용합니다.
 
 <Note>
     기본적으로 CrewAI는 `gpt-4o-mini` 모델을 사용합니다. 이는 `OPENAI_MODEL_NAME` 환경 변수에 의해 결정되며, 설정되지 않은 경우 기본값은 "gpt-4o-mini"입니다.
@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@ LiteLLM은 다음을 포함하되 이에 국한되지 않는 다양한 프로바
 
 지원되는 프로바이더의 전체 및 최신 목록은 [LiteLLM 프로바이더 문서](https://docs.litellm.ai/docs/providers)를 참조하세요.
 
+<Info>
+  네이티브 통합에서 지원하지 않는 제공자를 사용하려면 LiteLLM을 프로젝트에 의존성으로 추가하세요:
+  ```bash
+  uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+  ```
+  네이티브 제공자(OpenAI, Anthropic, Google Gemini, Azure, AWS Bedrock)는 자체 SDK extras를 사용합니다 — [공급자 구성 예시](/ko/concepts/llms#공급자-구성-예시)를 참조하세요.
+</Info>
+
 ## LLM 변경하기
 
 CrewAI agent에서 다른 LLM을 사용하려면 여러 가지 방법이 있습니다:

docs/ko/observability/tracing.mdx

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ crewai login
 아직 설치하지 않았다면 CLI 도구와 함께 CrewAI를 설치하세요:
 
 ```bash
-uv add crewai[tools]
+uv add 'crewai[tools]'
 ```
 
 그런 다음 CrewAI AMP 계정으로 CLI를 인증하세요:

docs/pt-BR/changelog.mdx

@@ -4,6 +4,56 @@ description: "Atualizações de produto, melhorias e correções do CrewAI"
 icon: "clock"
 mode: "wide"
 ---
+<Update label="26 fev 2026">
+  ## v1.10.0
+
+  [Ver release no GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.10.0)
+
+  ## O que Mudou
+
+  ### Recursos
+  - Aprimorar a resolução da ferramenta MCP e eventos relacionados
+  - Atualizar a versão do lancedb e adicionar pacotes lance-namespace
+  - Aprimorar a análise e validação de argumentos JSON no CrewAgentExecutor e BaseTool
+  - Migrar o cliente HTTP da CLI de requests para httpx
+  - Adicionar documentação versionada
+  - Adicionar detecção de versões removidas para notas de versão
+  - Implementar tratamento de entrada do usuário em Flows
+  - Aprimorar a funcionalidade de auto-loop HITL nos testes de integração de feedback humano
+  - Adicionar started_event_id e definir no eventbus
+  - Atualizar automaticamente tools.specs
+
+  ### Correções de Bugs
+  - Validar kwargs da ferramenta mesmo quando vazios para evitar TypeError crípticos
+  - Preservar tipos nulos nos esquemas de parâmetros da ferramenta para LLM
+  - Mapear output_pydantic/output_json para saída estruturada nativa
+  - Garantir que callbacks sejam executados/aguardados se forem promessas
+  - Capturar o nome do método no contexto da exceção
+  - Preservar tipo enum no resultado do roteador; melhorar tipos
+  - Corrigir fluxos cíclicos que quebram silenciosamente quando o ID de persistência é passado nas entradas
+  - Corrigir o formato da flag da CLI de --skip-provider para --skip_provider
+  - Garantir que o fluxo de chamada da ferramenta OpenAI seja finalizado
+  - Resolver ponteiros $ref de esquema complexos nas ferramentas MCP
+  - Impor additionalProperties=false nos esquemas
+  - Rejeitar nomes de scripts reservados para pastas de equipe
+  - Resolver condição de corrida no teste de emissão de eventos de guardrail
+
+  ### Documentação
+  - Adicionar nota de dependência litellm para provedores de LLM não nativos
+  - Esclarecer o modelo de segurança NL2SQL e orientações de fortalecimento
+  - Adicionar 96 ações ausentes em 9 integrações
+
+  ### Refatoração
+  - Refatorar crew para provider
+  - Extrair HITL para padrão de provider
+  - Melhorar tipagem e registro de hooks
+
+  ## Contribuidores
+
+  @dependabot[bot], @github-actions[bot], @github-code-quality[bot], @greysonlalonde, @heitorado, @hobostay, @joaomdmoura, @johnvan7, @jonathansampson, @lorenzejay, @lucasgomide, @mattatcha, @mplachta, @nicoferdi96, @theCyberTech, @thiagomoretto, @vinibrsl
+
+</Update>
+
 <Update label="26 jan 2026">
   ## v1.9.0
 

docs/pt-BR/concepts/llms.mdx

@@ -105,6 +105,15 @@ Existem diferentes locais no código do CrewAI onde você pode especificar o mod
   </Tab>
 </Tabs>
 
+<Info>
+  O CrewAI oferece integrações nativas via SDK para OpenAI, Anthropic, Google (Gemini API), Azure e AWS Bedrock — sem necessidade de instalação extra além dos extras específicos do provedor (ex.: `uv add "crewai[openai]"`).
+
+  Todos os outros provedores são alimentados pelo **LiteLLM**. Se você planeja usar algum deles, adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+  ```bash
+  uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+  ```
+</Info>
+
 ## Exemplos de Configuração de Provedores
 
 O CrewAI suporta uma grande variedade de provedores de LLM, cada um com recursos, métodos de autenticação e capacidades de modelo únicos.
@@ -214,6 +223,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
     | `meta_llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct-FP8` | 128k | 4028 | Texto, Imagem | Texto |
     | `meta_llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct` | 128k | 4028 | Texto | Texto |
     | `meta_llama/Llama-3.3-8B-Instruct` | 128k | 4028 | Texto | Texto |
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Anthropic">
@@ -354,6 +368,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
     | gemini-1.5-flash                 | 1M tokens          | Modelo multimodal equilibrado, bom para maioria das tarefas         |
     | gemini-1.5-flash-8B              | 1M tokens          | Mais rápido, mais eficiente em custo, adequado para tarefas de alta frequência |
     | gemini-1.5-pro                   | 2M tokens          | Melhor desempenho para uma ampla variedade de tarefas de raciocínio, incluindo lógica, codificação e colaboração criativa |
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Azure">
@@ -438,6 +457,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
         model="sagemaker/<my-endpoint>"
     )
     ```
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Mistral">
@@ -453,6 +477,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
         temperature=0.7
     )
     ```
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Nvidia NIM">
@@ -539,6 +568,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
     | rakuten/rakutenai-7b-instruct                                            | 1.024 tokens       | LLM topo de linha, compreensão, raciocínio e geração textual.|
     | rakuten/rakutenai-7b-chat                                                | 1.024 tokens       | LLM topo de linha, compreensão, raciocínio e geração textual.|
     | baichuan-inc/baichuan2-13b-chat                                          | 4.096 tokens       | Suporte a chat em chinês/inglês, programação, matemática, seguir instruções, resolver quizzes.|
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Local NVIDIA NIM Deployed using WSL2">
@@ -579,6 +613,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
 
         # ...
     ```
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Groq">
@@ -600,6 +639,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
     | Llama 3.1 70B/8B  | 131.072 tokens      | Alta performance e tarefas de contexto grande|
     | Llama 3.2 Série   | 8.192 tokens        | Tarefas gerais                          |
     | Mixtral 8x7B      | 32.768 tokens       | Equilíbrio entre performance e contexto  |
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="IBM watsonx.ai">
@@ -622,6 +666,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
         base_url="https://api.watsonx.ai/v1"
     )
     ```
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Ollama (LLMs Locais)">
@@ -635,6 +684,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
         base_url="http://localhost:11434"
     )
     ```
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Fireworks AI">
@@ -650,6 +704,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
         temperature=0.7
     )
     ```
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Perplexity AI">
@@ -665,6 +724,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
         base_url="https://api.perplexity.ai/"
     )
     ```
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Hugging Face">
@@ -679,6 +743,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
         model="huggingface/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct"
     )
     ```
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="SambaNova">
@@ -702,6 +771,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
     | Llama 3.2 Série   | 8.192 tokens              | Tarefas gerais e multimodais                 |
     | Llama 3.3 70B     | Até 131.072 tokens        | Desempenho e qualidade de saída elevada      |
     | Família Qwen2     | 8.192 tokens              | Desempenho e qualidade de saída elevada      |
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Cerebras">
@@ -727,6 +801,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
       - Equilíbrio entre velocidade e qualidade
       - Suporte a longas janelas de contexto
     </Info>
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 
   <Accordion title="Open Router">
@@ -749,6 +828,11 @@ Nesta seção, você encontrará exemplos detalhados que ajudam a selecionar, co
       - openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-r1
       - openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-chat
     </Info>
+
+    **Nota:** Este provedor usa o LiteLLM. Adicione-o como dependência ao seu projeto:
+    ```bash
+    uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+    ```
   </Accordion>
 </AccordionGroup>
 

docs/pt-BR/learn/llm-connections.mdx

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ mode: "wide"
 
 ## Conecte o CrewAI a LLMs
 
-O CrewAI utiliza o LiteLLM para conectar-se a uma grande variedade de Modelos de Linguagem (LLMs). Essa integração proporciona grande versatilidade, permitindo que você utilize modelos de inúmeros provedores por meio de uma interface simples e unificada.
+O CrewAI conecta-se a LLMs por meio de integrações nativas via SDK para os provedores mais populares (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google Gemini, Azure e AWS Bedrock), e usa o LiteLLM como alternativa flexível para todos os demais provedores.
 
 <Note>
     Por padrão, o CrewAI usa o modelo `gpt-4o-mini`. Isso é determinado pela variável de ambiente `OPENAI_MODEL_NAME`, que tem como padrão "gpt-4o-mini" se não for definida.
@@ -40,6 +40,14 @@ O LiteLLM oferece suporte a uma ampla gama de provedores, incluindo, mas não se
 
 Para uma lista completa e sempre atualizada dos provedores suportados, consulte a [documentação de Provedores do LiteLLM](https://docs.litellm.ai/docs/providers).
 
+<Info>
+  Para usar qualquer provedor não coberto por uma integração nativa, adicione o LiteLLM como dependência ao seu projeto:
+  ```bash
+  uv add 'crewai[litellm]'
+  ```
+  Provedores nativos (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google Gemini, Azure, AWS Bedrock) usam seus próprios extras de SDK — consulte os [Exemplos de Configuração de Provedores](/pt-BR/concepts/llms#exemplos-de-configuração-de-provedores).
+</Info>
+
 ## Alterando a LLM
 
 Para utilizar uma LLM diferente com seus agentes CrewAI, você tem várias opções:

lib/crewai-files/src/crewai_files/__init__.py

@@ -152,4 +152,4 @@ __all__ = [
     "wrap_file_source",
 ]
 
-__version__ = "1.9.3"
+__version__ = "1.10.1a1"

lib/crewai-tools/pyproject.toml

@@ -8,12 +8,10 @@ authors = [
 ]
 requires-python = ">=3.10, <3.14"
 dependencies = [
-    "lancedb~=0.5.4",
     "pytube~=15.0.0",
     "requests~=2.32.5",
     "docker~=7.1.0",
-    "crewai==1.9.3",
-    "lancedb~=0.5.4",
+    "crewai==1.10.1a1",
     "tiktoken~=0.8.0",
     "beautifulsoup4~=4.13.4",
     "python-docx~=1.2.0",

lib/crewai-tools/src/crewai_tools/__init__.py

@@ -291,4 +291,4 @@ __all__ = [
     "ZapierActionTools",
 ]
 
-__version__ = "1.9.3"
+__version__ = "1.10.1a1"

lib/crewai-tools/tool.specs.json

@@ -20117,18 +20117,6 @@
       "humanized_name": "Web Automation Tool",
       "init_params_schema": {
         "$defs": {
-          "AvailableModel": {
-            "enum": [
-              "gpt-4o",
-              "gpt-4o-mini",
-              "claude-3-5-sonnet-latest",
-              "claude-3-7-sonnet-latest",
-              "computer-use-preview",
-              "gemini-2.0-flash"
-            ],
-            "title": "AvailableModel",
-            "type": "string"
-          },
           "EnvVar": {
             "properties": {
               "default": {
@@ -20206,17 +20194,6 @@
             "default": null,
             "title": "Model Api Key"
           },
-          "model_name": {
-            "anyOf": [
-              {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/AvailableModel"
-              },
-              {
-                "type": "null"
-              }
-            ],
-            "default": "claude-3-7-sonnet-latest"
-          },
           "project_id": {
             "anyOf": [
               {

lib/crewai/pyproject.toml

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "mcp~=1.26.0",
     "uv~=0.9.13",
     "aiosqlite~=0.21.0",
-    "lancedb>=0.4.0",
+    "lancedb>=0.29.2",
 ]
 
 [project.urls]
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Repository = "https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI"
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 tools = [
-    "crewai-tools==1.9.3",
+    "crewai-tools==1.10.1a1",
 ]
 embeddings = [
     "tiktoken~=0.8.0"

lib/crewai/src/crewai/__init__.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from crewai.flow.flow import Flow
 from crewai.knowledge.knowledge import Knowledge
 from crewai.llm import LLM
 from crewai.llms.base_llm import BaseLLM
-from crewai.memory.unified_memory import Memory
 from crewai.process import Process
 from crewai.task import Task
 from crewai.tasks.llm_guardrail import LLMGuardrail
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ def _suppress_pydantic_deprecation_warnings() -> None:
 
 _suppress_pydantic_deprecation_warnings()
 
-__version__ = "1.9.3"
+__version__ = "1.10.1a1"
 _telemetry_submitted = False
 
 
@@ -72,6 +71,25 @@ def _track_install_async() -> None:
 
 
 _track_install_async()
+
+_LAZY_IMPORTS: dict[str, tuple[str, str]] = {
+    "Memory": ("crewai.memory.unified_memory", "Memory"),
+}
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
+    """Lazily import heavy modules (e.g. Memory → lancedb) on first access."""
+    if name in _LAZY_IMPORTS:
+        module_path, attr = _LAZY_IMPORTS[name]
+        import importlib
+
+        mod = importlib.import_module(module_path)
+        val = getattr(mod, attr)
+        globals()[name] = val
+        return val
+    raise AttributeError(f"module 'crewai' has no attribute {name!r}")
+
+
 __all__ = [
     "LLM",
     "Agent",

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agent/core.py

@@ -8,11 +8,9 @@ import time
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Final,
     Literal,
     cast,
 )
-from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from pydantic import (
     BaseModel,
@@ -61,16 +59,8 @@ from crewai.knowledge.knowledge import Knowledge
 from crewai.knowledge.source.base_knowledge_source import BaseKnowledgeSource
 from crewai.lite_agent_output import LiteAgentOutput
 from crewai.llms.base_llm import BaseLLM
-from crewai.mcp import (
-    MCPClient,
-    MCPServerConfig,
-    MCPServerHTTP,
-    MCPServerSSE,
-    MCPServerStdio,
-)
-from crewai.mcp.transports.http import HTTPTransport
-from crewai.mcp.transports.sse import SSETransport
-from crewai.mcp.transports.stdio import StdioTransport
+from crewai.mcp import MCPServerConfig
+from crewai.mcp.tool_resolver import MCPToolResolver
 from crewai.rag.embeddings.types import EmbedderConfig
 from crewai.security.fingerprint import Fingerprint
 from crewai.tools.agent_tools.agent_tools import AgentTools
@@ -111,18 +101,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.utilities.types import LLMMessage
 
 
-# MCP Connection timeout constants (in seconds)
-MCP_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT: Final[int] = 10
-MCP_TOOL_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT: Final[int] = 30
-MCP_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT: Final[int] = 15
-MCP_MAX_RETRIES: Final[int] = 3
-
 _passthrough_exceptions: tuple[type[Exception], ...] = ()
 
-# Simple in-memory cache for MCP tool schemas (duration: 5 minutes)
-_mcp_schema_cache: dict[str, Any] = {}
-_cache_ttl: Final[int] = 300  # 5 minutes
-
 
 class Agent(BaseAgent):
     """Represents an agent in a system.
@@ -154,7 +134,7 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
     model_config = ConfigDict()
 
     _times_executed: int = PrivateAttr(default=0)
-    _mcp_clients: list[Any] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=list)
+    _mcp_resolver: MCPToolResolver | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
     _last_messages: list[LLMMessage] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=list)
     max_execution_time: int | None = Field(
         default=None,
@@ -384,10 +364,10 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
                 )
                 if unified_memory is not None:
                     query = task.description
-                    matches = unified_memory.recall(query, limit=10)
+                    matches = unified_memory.recall(query, limit=5)
                     if matches:
                         memory = "Relevant memories:\n" + "\n".join(
-                            f"- {m.record.content}" for m in matches
+                            m.format() for m in matches
                         )
                 if memory.strip() != "":
                     task_prompt += self.i18n.slice("memory").format(memory=memory)
@@ -622,10 +602,10 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
                 )
                 if unified_memory is not None:
                     query = task.description
-                    matches = unified_memory.recall(query, limit=10)
+                    matches = unified_memory.recall(query, limit=5)
                     if matches:
                         memory = "Relevant memories:\n" + "\n".join(
-                            f"- {m.record.content}" for m in matches
+                            m.format() for m in matches
                         )
                 if memory.strip() != "":
                     task_prompt += self.i18n.slice("memory").format(memory=memory)
@@ -864,7 +844,11 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
                 respect_context_window=self.respect_context_window,
                 request_within_rpm_limit=rpm_limit_fn,
                 callbacks=[TokenCalcHandler(self._token_process)],
-                response_model=task.response_model if task else None,
+                response_model=(
+                    task.response_model or task.output_pydantic or task.output_json
+                )
+                if task
+                else None,
             )
 
     def _update_executor_parameters(
@@ -893,7 +877,11 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
         self.agent_executor.stop = stop_words
         self.agent_executor.tools_names = get_tool_names(tools)
         self.agent_executor.tools_description = render_text_description_and_args(tools)
-        self.agent_executor.response_model = task.response_model if task else None
+        self.agent_executor.response_model = (
+            (task.response_model or task.output_pydantic or task.output_json)
+            if task
+            else None
+        )
 
         self.agent_executor.tools_handler = self.tools_handler
         self.agent_executor.request_within_rpm_limit = rpm_limit_fn
@@ -926,544 +914,17 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
     def get_mcp_tools(self, mcps: list[str | MCPServerConfig]) -> list[BaseTool]:
         """Convert MCP server references/configs to CrewAI tools.
 
-        Supports both string references (backwards compatible) and structured
-        configuration objects (MCPServerStdio, MCPServerHTTP, MCPServerSSE).
-
-        Args:
-            mcps: List of MCP server references (strings) or configurations.
-
-        Returns:
-            List of BaseTool instances from MCP servers.
+        Delegates to :class:`~crewai.mcp.tool_resolver.MCPToolResolver`.
         """
-        all_tools = []
-        clients = []
-
-        for mcp_config in mcps:
-            if isinstance(mcp_config, str):
-                tools = self._get_mcp_tools_from_string(mcp_config)
-            else:
-                tools, client = self._get_native_mcp_tools(mcp_config)
-                if client:
-                    clients.append(client)
-
-            all_tools.extend(tools)
-
-        # Store clients for cleanup
-        self._mcp_clients.extend(clients)
-        return all_tools
+        self._cleanup_mcp_clients()
+        self._mcp_resolver = MCPToolResolver(agent=self, logger=self._logger)
+        return self._mcp_resolver.resolve(mcps)
 
     def _cleanup_mcp_clients(self) -> None:
         """Cleanup MCP client connections after task execution."""
-        if not self._mcp_clients:
-            return
-
-        async def _disconnect_all() -> None:
-            for client in self._mcp_clients:
-                if client and hasattr(client, "connected") and client.connected:
-                    await client.disconnect()
-
-        try:
-            asyncio.run(_disconnect_all())
-        except Exception as e:
-            self._logger.log("error", f"Error during MCP client cleanup: {e}")
-        finally:
-            self._mcp_clients.clear()
-
-    def _get_mcp_tools_from_string(self, mcp_ref: str) -> list[BaseTool]:
-        """Get tools from legacy string-based MCP references.
-
-        This method maintains backwards compatibility with string-based
-        MCP references (https://... and crewai-amp:...).
-
-        Args:
-            mcp_ref: String reference to MCP server.
-
-        Returns:
-            List of BaseTool instances.
-        """
-        if mcp_ref.startswith("crewai-amp:"):
-            return self._get_amp_mcp_tools(mcp_ref)
-        if mcp_ref.startswith("https://"):
-            return self._get_external_mcp_tools(mcp_ref)
-        return []
-
-    def _get_external_mcp_tools(self, mcp_ref: str) -> list[BaseTool]:
-        """Get tools from external HTTPS MCP server with graceful error handling."""
-        from crewai.tools.mcp_tool_wrapper import MCPToolWrapper
-
-        # Parse server URL and optional tool name
-        if "#" in mcp_ref:
-            server_url, specific_tool = mcp_ref.split("#", 1)
-        else:
-            server_url, specific_tool = mcp_ref, None
-
-        server_params = {"url": server_url}
-        server_name = self._extract_server_name(server_url)
-
-        try:
-            # Get tool schemas with timeout and error handling
-            tool_schemas = self._get_mcp_tool_schemas(server_params)
-
-            if not tool_schemas:
-                self._logger.log(
-                    "warning", f"No tools discovered from MCP server: {server_url}"
-                )
-                return []
-
-            tools = []
-            for tool_name, schema in tool_schemas.items():
-                # Skip if specific tool requested and this isn't it
-                if specific_tool and tool_name != specific_tool:
-                    continue
-
-                try:
-                    wrapper = MCPToolWrapper(
-                        mcp_server_params=server_params,
-                        tool_name=tool_name,
-                        tool_schema=schema,
-                        server_name=server_name,
-                    )
-                    tools.append(wrapper)
-                except Exception as e:
-                    self._logger.log(
-                        "warning",
-                        f"Failed to create MCP tool wrapper for {tool_name}: {e}",
-                    )
-                    continue
-
-            if specific_tool and not tools:
-                self._logger.log(
-                    "warning",
-                    f"Specific tool '{specific_tool}' not found on MCP server: {server_url}",
-                )
-
-            return cast(list[BaseTool], tools)
-
-        except Exception as e:
-            self._logger.log(
-                "warning", f"Failed to connect to MCP server {server_url}: {e}"
-            )
-            return []
-
-    def _get_native_mcp_tools(
-        self, mcp_config: MCPServerConfig
-    ) -> tuple[list[BaseTool], Any | None]:
-        """Get tools from MCP server using structured configuration.
-
-        This method creates an MCP client based on the configuration type,
-        connects to the server, discovers tools, applies filtering, and
-        returns wrapped tools along with the client instance for cleanup.
-
-        Args:
-            mcp_config: MCP server configuration (MCPServerStdio, MCPServerHTTP, or MCPServerSSE).
-
-        Returns:
-            Tuple of (list of BaseTool instances, MCPClient instance for cleanup).
-        """
-        from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool
-        from crewai.tools.mcp_native_tool import MCPNativeTool
-
-        transport: StdioTransport | HTTPTransport | SSETransport
-        if isinstance(mcp_config, MCPServerStdio):
-            transport = StdioTransport(
-                command=mcp_config.command,
-                args=mcp_config.args,
-                env=mcp_config.env,
-            )
-            server_name = f"{mcp_config.command}_{'_'.join(mcp_config.args)}"
-        elif isinstance(mcp_config, MCPServerHTTP):
-            transport = HTTPTransport(
-                url=mcp_config.url,
-                headers=mcp_config.headers,
-                streamable=mcp_config.streamable,
-            )
-            server_name = self._extract_server_name(mcp_config.url)
-        elif isinstance(mcp_config, MCPServerSSE):
-            transport = SSETransport(
-                url=mcp_config.url,
-                headers=mcp_config.headers,
-            )
-            server_name = self._extract_server_name(mcp_config.url)
-        else:
-            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported MCP server config type: {type(mcp_config)}")
-
-        client = MCPClient(
-            transport=transport,
-            cache_tools_list=mcp_config.cache_tools_list,
-        )
-
-        async def _setup_client_and_list_tools() -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-            """Async helper to connect and list tools in same event loop."""
-
-            try:
-                if not client.connected:
-                    await client.connect()
-
-                tools_list = await client.list_tools()
-
-                try:
-                    await client.disconnect()
-                    # Small delay to allow background tasks to finish cleanup
-                    # This helps prevent "cancel scope in different task" errors
-                    # when asyncio.run() closes the event loop
-                    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
-                except Exception as e:
-                    self._logger.log("error", f"Error during disconnect: {e}")
-
-                return tools_list
-            except Exception as e:
-                if client.connected:
-                    await client.disconnect()
-                    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
-                raise RuntimeError(
-                    f"Error during setup client and list tools: {e}"
-                ) from e
-
-        try:
-            try:
-                asyncio.get_running_loop()
-                import concurrent.futures
-
-                with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
-                    future = executor.submit(
-                        asyncio.run, _setup_client_and_list_tools()
-                    )
-                    tools_list = future.result()
-            except RuntimeError:
-                try:
-                    tools_list = asyncio.run(_setup_client_and_list_tools())
-                except RuntimeError as e:
-                    error_msg = str(e).lower()
-                    if "cancel scope" in error_msg or "task" in error_msg:
-                        raise ConnectionError(
-                            "MCP connection failed due to event loop cleanup issues. "
-                            "This may be due to authentication errors or server unavailability."
-                        ) from e
-                except asyncio.CancelledError as e:
-                    raise ConnectionError(
-                        "MCP connection was cancelled. This may indicate an authentication "
-                        "error or server unavailability."
-                    ) from e
-
-            if mcp_config.tool_filter:
-                filtered_tools = []
-                for tool in tools_list:
-                    if callable(mcp_config.tool_filter):
-                        try:
-                            from crewai.mcp.filters import ToolFilterContext
-
-                            context = ToolFilterContext(
-                                agent=self,
-                                server_name=server_name,
-                                run_context=None,
-                            )
-                            if mcp_config.tool_filter(context, tool):  # type: ignore[call-arg, arg-type]
-                                filtered_tools.append(tool)
-                        except (TypeError, AttributeError):
-                            if mcp_config.tool_filter(tool):  # type: ignore[call-arg, arg-type]
-                                filtered_tools.append(tool)
-                    else:
-                        # Not callable - include tool
-                        filtered_tools.append(tool)
-                tools_list = filtered_tools
-
-            tools = []
-            for tool_def in tools_list:
-                tool_name = tool_def.get("name", "")
-                if not tool_name:
-                    continue
-
-                # Convert inputSchema to Pydantic model if present
-                args_schema = None
-                if tool_def.get("inputSchema"):
-                    args_schema = self._json_schema_to_pydantic(
-                        tool_name, tool_def["inputSchema"]
-                    )
-
-                tool_schema = {
-                    "description": tool_def.get("description", ""),
-                    "args_schema": args_schema,
-                }
-
-                try:
-                    native_tool = MCPNativeTool(
-                        mcp_client=client,
-                        tool_name=tool_name,
-                        tool_schema=tool_schema,
-                        server_name=server_name,
-                    )
-                    tools.append(native_tool)
-                except Exception as e:
-                    self._logger.log("error", f"Failed to create native MCP tool: {e}")
-                    continue
-
-            return cast(list[BaseTool], tools), client
-        except Exception as e:
-            if client.connected:
-                asyncio.run(client.disconnect())
-
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to get native MCP tools: {e}") from e
-
-    def _get_amp_mcp_tools(self, amp_ref: str) -> list[BaseTool]:
-        """Get tools from CrewAI AMP MCP marketplace."""
-        # Parse: "crewai-amp:mcp-name" or "crewai-amp:mcp-name#tool_name"
-        amp_part = amp_ref.replace("crewai-amp:", "")
-        if "#" in amp_part:
-            mcp_name, specific_tool = amp_part.split("#", 1)
-        else:
-            mcp_name, specific_tool = amp_part, None
-
-        # Call AMP API to get MCP server URLs
-        mcp_servers = self._fetch_amp_mcp_servers(mcp_name)
-
-        tools = []
-        for server_config in mcp_servers:
-            server_ref = server_config["url"]
-            if specific_tool:
-                server_ref += f"#{specific_tool}"
-            server_tools = self._get_external_mcp_tools(server_ref)
-            tools.extend(server_tools)
-
-        return tools
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_server_name(server_url: str) -> str:
-        """Extract clean server name from URL for tool prefixing."""
-
-        parsed = urlparse(server_url)
-        domain = parsed.netloc.replace(".", "_")
-        path = parsed.path.replace("/", "_").strip("_")
-        return f"{domain}_{path}" if path else domain
-
-    def _get_mcp_tool_schemas(
-        self, server_params: dict[str, Any]
-    ) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
-        """Get tool schemas from MCP server for wrapper creation with caching."""
-        server_url = server_params["url"]
-
-        # Check cache first
-        cache_key = server_url
-        current_time = time.time()
-
-        if cache_key in _mcp_schema_cache:
-            cached_data, cache_time = _mcp_schema_cache[cache_key]
-            if current_time - cache_time < _cache_ttl:
-                self._logger.log(
-                    "debug", f"Using cached MCP tool schemas for {server_url}"
-                )
-                return cached_data  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
-
-        try:
-            schemas = asyncio.run(self._get_mcp_tool_schemas_async(server_params))
-
-            # Cache successful results
-            _mcp_schema_cache[cache_key] = (schemas, current_time)
-
-            return schemas
-        except Exception as e:
-            # Log warning but don't raise - this allows graceful degradation
-            self._logger.log(
-                "warning", f"Failed to get MCP tool schemas from {server_url}: {e}"
-            )
-            return {}
-
-    async def _get_mcp_tool_schemas_async(
-        self, server_params: dict[str, Any]
-    ) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
-        """Async implementation of MCP tool schema retrieval with timeouts and retries."""
-        server_url = server_params["url"]
-        return await self._retry_mcp_discovery(
-            self._discover_mcp_tools_with_timeout, server_url
-        )
-
-    async def _retry_mcp_discovery(
-        self, operation_func: Any, server_url: str
-    ) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
-        """Retry MCP discovery operation with exponential backoff, avoiding try-except in loop."""
-        last_error = None
-
-        for attempt in range(MCP_MAX_RETRIES):
-            # Execute single attempt outside try-except loop structure
-            result, error, should_retry = await self._attempt_mcp_discovery(
-                operation_func, server_url
-            )
-
-            # Success case - return immediately
-            if result is not None:
-                return result
-
-            # Non-retryable error - raise immediately
-            if not should_retry:
-                raise RuntimeError(error)
-
-            # Retryable error - continue with backoff
-            last_error = error
-            if attempt < MCP_MAX_RETRIES - 1:
-                wait_time = 2**attempt  # Exponential backoff
-                await asyncio.sleep(wait_time)
-
-        raise RuntimeError(
-            f"Failed to discover MCP tools after {MCP_MAX_RETRIES} attempts: {last_error}"
-        )
-
-    @staticmethod
-    async def _attempt_mcp_discovery(
-        operation_func: Any, server_url: str
-    ) -> tuple[dict[str, dict[str, Any]] | None, str, bool]:
-        """Attempt single MCP discovery operation and return (result, error_message, should_retry)."""
-        try:
-            result = await operation_func(server_url)
-            return result, "", False
-
-        except ImportError:
-            return (
-                None,
-                "MCP library not available. Please install with: pip install mcp",
-                False,
-            )
-
-        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
-            return (
-                None,
-                f"MCP discovery timed out after {MCP_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT} seconds",
-                True,
-            )
-
-        except Exception as e:
-            error_str = str(e).lower()
-
-            # Classify errors as retryable or non-retryable
-            if "authentication" in error_str or "unauthorized" in error_str:
-                return None, f"Authentication failed for MCP server: {e!s}", False
-            if "connection" in error_str or "network" in error_str:
-                return None, f"Network connection failed: {e!s}", True
-            if "json" in error_str or "parsing" in error_str:
-                return None, f"Server response parsing error: {e!s}", True
-            return None, f"MCP discovery error: {e!s}", False
-
-    async def _discover_mcp_tools_with_timeout(
-        self, server_url: str
-    ) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
-        """Discover MCP tools with timeout wrapper."""
-        return await asyncio.wait_for(
-            self._discover_mcp_tools(server_url), timeout=MCP_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT
-        )
-
-    async def _discover_mcp_tools(self, server_url: str) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
-        """Discover tools from MCP server with proper timeout handling."""
-        from mcp import ClientSession
-        from mcp.client.streamable_http import streamablehttp_client
-
-        async with streamablehttp_client(server_url) as (read, write, _):
-            async with ClientSession(read, write) as session:
-                # Initialize the connection with timeout
-                await asyncio.wait_for(
-                    session.initialize(), timeout=MCP_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT
-                )
-
-                # List available tools with timeout
-                tools_result = await asyncio.wait_for(
-                    session.list_tools(),
-                    timeout=MCP_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT - MCP_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT,
-                )
-
-                schemas = {}
-                for tool in tools_result.tools:
-                    args_schema = None
-                    if hasattr(tool, "inputSchema") and tool.inputSchema:
-                        args_schema = self._json_schema_to_pydantic(
-                            sanitize_tool_name(tool.name), tool.inputSchema
-                        )
-
-                    schemas[sanitize_tool_name(tool.name)] = {
-                        "description": getattr(tool, "description", ""),
-                        "args_schema": args_schema,
-                    }
-                return schemas
-
-    def _json_schema_to_pydantic(
-        self, tool_name: str, json_schema: dict[str, Any]
-    ) -> type:
-        """Convert JSON Schema to Pydantic model for tool arguments.
-
-        Args:
-            tool_name: Name of the tool (used for model naming)
-            json_schema: JSON Schema dict with 'properties', 'required', etc.
-
-        Returns:
-            Pydantic BaseModel class
-        """
-        from pydantic import Field, create_model
-
-        properties = json_schema.get("properties", {})
-        required_fields = json_schema.get("required", [])
-
-        field_definitions: dict[str, Any] = {}
-
-        for field_name, field_schema in properties.items():
-            field_type = self._json_type_to_python(field_schema)
-            field_description = field_schema.get("description", "")
-
-            is_required = field_name in required_fields
-
-            if is_required:
-                field_definitions[field_name] = (
-                    field_type,
-                    Field(..., description=field_description),
-                )
-            else:
-                field_definitions[field_name] = (
-                    field_type | None,
-                    Field(default=None, description=field_description),
-                )
-
-        model_name = f"{tool_name.replace('-', '_').replace(' ', '_')}Schema"
-        return create_model(model_name, **field_definitions)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
-
-    def _json_type_to_python(self, field_schema: dict[str, Any]) -> type:
-        """Convert JSON Schema type to Python type.
-
-        Args:
-            field_schema: JSON Schema field definition
-
-        Returns:
-            Python type
-        """
-
-        json_type = field_schema.get("type")
-
-        if "anyOf" in field_schema:
-            types: list[type] = []
-            for option in field_schema["anyOf"]:
-                if "const" in option:
-                    types.append(str)
-                else:
-                    types.append(self._json_type_to_python(option))
-            unique_types = list(set(types))
-            if len(unique_types) > 1:
-                result: Any = unique_types[0]
-                for t in unique_types[1:]:
-                    result = result | t
-                return result  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
-            return unique_types[0]
-
-        type_mapping: dict[str | None, type] = {
-            "string": str,
-            "number": float,
-            "integer": int,
-            "boolean": bool,
-            "array": list,
-            "object": dict,
-        }
-
-        return type_mapping.get(json_type, Any)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _fetch_amp_mcp_servers(mcp_name: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-        """Fetch MCP server configurations from CrewAI AMP API."""
-        # TODO: Implement AMP API call to "integrations/mcps" endpoint
-        # Should return list of server configs with URLs
-        return []
+        if self._mcp_resolver is not None:
+            self._mcp_resolver.cleanup()
+            self._mcp_resolver = None
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_multimodal_tools() -> Sequence[BaseTool]:
@@ -1712,7 +1173,8 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
 
             existing_names = {sanitize_tool_name(t.name) for t in raw_tools}
             raw_tools.extend(
-                mt for mt in create_memory_tools(agent_memory)
+                mt
+                for mt in create_memory_tools(agent_memory)
                 if sanitize_tool_name(mt.name) not in existing_names
             )
 
@@ -1802,11 +1264,11 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
                     ),
                 )
                 start_time = time.time()
-                matches = agent_memory.recall(formatted_messages, limit=10)
+                matches = agent_memory.recall(formatted_messages, limit=5)
                 memory_block = ""
                 if matches:
                     memory_block = "Relevant memories:\n" + "\n".join(
-                        f"- {m.record.content}" for m in matches
+                        m.format() for m in matches
                     )
                 if memory_block:
                     formatted_messages += "\n\n" + self.i18n.slice("memory").format(
@@ -1937,14 +1399,15 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
             if isinstance(messages, str):
                 input_str = messages
             else:
-                input_str = "\n".join(
-                    str(msg.get("content", "")) for msg in messages if msg.get("content")
-                ) or "User request"
-            raw = (
-                f"Input: {input_str}\n"
-                f"Agent: {self.role}\n"
-                f"Result: {output_text}"
-            )
+                input_str = (
+                    "\n".join(
+                        str(msg.get("content", ""))
+                        for msg in messages
+                        if msg.get("content")
+                    )
+                    or "User request"
+                )
+            raw = f"Input: {input_str}\nAgent: {self.role}\nResult: {output_text}"
             extracted = agent_memory.extract_memories(raw)
             if extracted:
                 agent_memory.remember_many(extracted)

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/agent_builder/base_agent.py

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from copy import copy as shallow_copy
 from hashlib import md5
-from typing import Any, Literal
+import re
+from typing import Any, Final, Literal
 import uuid
 
 from pydantic import (
@@ -36,6 +37,11 @@ from crewai.utilities.rpm_controller import RPMController
 from crewai.utilities.string_utils import interpolate_only
 
 
+_SLUG_RE: Final[re.Pattern[str]] = re.compile(
+    r"^(?:crewai-amp:)?[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*(?:#\w+)?$"
+)
+
+
 PlatformApp = Literal[
     "asana",
     "box",
@@ -197,7 +203,7 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC, metaclass=AgentMeta):
     )
     mcps: list[str | MCPServerConfig] | None = Field(
         default=None,
-        description="List of MCP server references. Supports 'https://server.com/path' for external servers and 'crewai-amp:mcp-name' for AMP marketplace. Use '#tool_name' suffix for specific tools.",
+        description="List of MCP server references. Supports 'https://server.com/path' for external servers and bare slugs like 'notion' for connected MCP integrations. Use '#tool_name' suffix for specific tools.",
     )
     memory: Any = Field(
         default=None,
@@ -276,14 +282,16 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC, metaclass=AgentMeta):
         validated_mcps: list[str | MCPServerConfig] = []
         for mcp in mcps:
             if isinstance(mcp, str):
-                if mcp.startswith(("https://", "crewai-amp:")):
+                if mcp.startswith("https://"):
+                    validated_mcps.append(mcp)
+                elif _SLUG_RE.match(mcp):
                     validated_mcps.append(mcp)
                 else:
                     raise ValueError(
-                        f"Invalid MCP reference: {mcp}. "
-                        "String references must start with 'https://' or 'crewai-amp:'"
+                        f"Invalid MCP reference: {mcp!r}. "
+                        "String references must be an 'https://' URL or a valid "
+                        "slug (e.g. 'notion', 'notion#search', 'crewai-amp:notion')."
                     )
-
             elif isinstance(mcp, (MCPServerConfig)):
                 validated_mcps.append(mcp)
             else:

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/agent_builder/base_agent_executor_mixin.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class CrewAgentExecutorMixin:
         memory = getattr(self.agent, "memory", None) or (
             getattr(self.crew, "_memory", None) if self.crew else None
         )
-        if memory is None or not self.task:
+        if memory is None or not self.task or getattr(memory, "_read_only", False):
             return
         if (
             f"Action: {sanitize_tool_name('Delegate work to coworker')}"

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/crew_agent_executor.py

@@ -1259,7 +1259,7 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(CrewAgentExecutorMixin):
                         formatted_answer, tool_result
                     )
 
-                self._invoke_step_callback(formatted_answer)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                await self._ainvoke_step_callback(formatted_answer)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
                 self._append_message(formatted_answer.text)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
 
             except OutputParserError as e:
@@ -1374,7 +1374,7 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(CrewAgentExecutorMixin):
                         output=answer,
                         text=answer,
                     )
-                    self._invoke_step_callback(formatted_answer)
+                    await self._ainvoke_step_callback(formatted_answer)
                     self._append_message(answer)  # Save final answer to messages
                     self._show_logs(formatted_answer)
                     return formatted_answer
@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(CrewAgentExecutorMixin):
                         output=answer,
                         text=output_json,
                     )
-                    self._invoke_step_callback(formatted_answer)
+                    await self._ainvoke_step_callback(formatted_answer)
                     self._append_message(output_json)
                     self._show_logs(formatted_answer)
                     return formatted_answer
@@ -1397,7 +1397,7 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(CrewAgentExecutorMixin):
                     output=str(answer),
                     text=str(answer),
                 )
-                self._invoke_step_callback(formatted_answer)
+                await self._ainvoke_step_callback(formatted_answer)
                 self._append_message(str(answer))  # Save final answer to messages
                 self._show_logs(formatted_answer)
                 return formatted_answer
@@ -1491,7 +1491,7 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(CrewAgentExecutorMixin):
     def _invoke_step_callback(
         self, formatted_answer: AgentAction | AgentFinish
     ) -> None:
-        """Invoke step callback.
+        """Invoke step callback (sync context).
 
         Args:
             formatted_answer: Current agent response.
@@ -1501,6 +1501,19 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(CrewAgentExecutorMixin):
             if inspect.iscoroutine(cb_result):
                 asyncio.run(cb_result)
 
+    async def _ainvoke_step_callback(
+        self, formatted_answer: AgentAction | AgentFinish
+    ) -> None:
+        """Invoke step callback (async context).
+
+        Args:
+            formatted_answer: Current agent response.
+        """
+        if self.step_callback:
+            cb_result = self.step_callback(formatted_answer)
+            if inspect.iscoroutine(cb_result):
+                await cb_result
+
     def _append_message(
         self, text: str, role: Literal["user", "assistant", "system"] = "assistant"
     ) -> None:

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/memory_tui.py

@@ -290,13 +290,20 @@ class MemoryTUI(App[None]):
         if self._memory is None:
             panel.update(self._init_error or "No memory loaded.")
             return
+        display_limit = 1000
         info = self._memory.info(path)
         self._last_scope_info = info
-        self._entries = self._memory.list_records(scope=path, limit=200)
+        self._entries = self._memory.list_records(scope=path, limit=display_limit)
         panel.update(_format_scope_info(info))
         panel.border_title = "Detail"
         entry_list = self.query_one("#entry-list", OptionList)
-        entry_list.border_title = f"Entries ({len(self._entries)})"
+        capped = info.record_count > display_limit
+        count_label = (
+            f"Entries (showing {display_limit} of {info.record_count} — display limit)"
+            if capped
+            else f"Entries ({len(self._entries)})"
+        )
+        entry_list.border_title = count_label
         self._populate_entry_list()
 
     def on_option_list_option_highlighted(
@@ -376,6 +383,11 @@ class MemoryTUI(App[None]):
                 return
 
             info_lines: list[str] = []
+            info_lines.append(
+                "[dim italic]Searched the full dataset"
+                + (f" within [bold]{scope}[/]" if scope else "")
+                + " using the recall flow (semantic + recency + importance).[/]\n"
+            )
             if not self._custom_embedder:
                 info_lines.append(
                     "[dim italic]Note: Using default OpenAI embedder. "

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/plus_api.py

@@ -190,6 +190,15 @@ class PlusAPI:
             timeout=30,
         )
 
+    def get_mcp_configs(self, slugs: list[str]) -> httpx.Response:
+        """Get MCP server configurations for the given slugs."""
+        return self._make_request(
+            "GET",
+            f"{self.INTEGRATIONS_RESOURCE}/mcp_configs",
+            params={"slugs": ",".join(slugs)},
+            timeout=30,
+        )
+
     def get_triggers(self) -> httpx.Response:
         """Get all available triggers from integrations."""
         return self._make_request("GET", f"{self.INTEGRATIONS_RESOURCE}/apps")

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/templates/crew/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description = "{{name}} using crewAI"
 authors = [{ name = "Your Name", email = "you@example.com" }]
 requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.14"
 dependencies = [
-    "crewai[tools]==1.9.3"
+    "crewai[tools]==1.10.1a1"
 ]
 
 [project.scripts]

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/templates/flow/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description = "{{name}} using crewAI"
 authors = [{ name = "Your Name", email = "you@example.com" }]
 requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.14"
 dependencies = [
-    "crewai[tools]==1.9.3"
+    "crewai[tools]==1.10.1a1"
 ]
 
 [project.scripts]

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/templates/tool/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description = "Power up your crews with {{folder_name}}"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.14"
 dependencies = [
-    "crewai[tools]>=0.203.1"
+    "crewai[tools]==1.10.1a1"
 ]
 
 [tool.crewai]

lib/crewai/src/crewai/events/__init__.py

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ from crewai.events.types.logging_events import (
     AgentLogsStartedEvent,
 )
 from crewai.events.types.mcp_events import (
+    MCPConfigFetchFailedEvent,
     MCPConnectionCompletedEvent,
     MCPConnectionFailedEvent,
     MCPConnectionStartedEvent,
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "LiteAgentExecutionCompletedEvent",
     "LiteAgentExecutionErrorEvent",
     "LiteAgentExecutionStartedEvent",
+    "MCPConfigFetchFailedEvent",
     "MCPConnectionCompletedEvent",
     "MCPConnectionFailedEvent",
     "MCPConnectionStartedEvent",

lib/crewai/src/crewai/events/event_listener.py

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ from crewai.events.types.logging_events import (
     AgentLogsStartedEvent,
 )
 from crewai.events.types.mcp_events import (
+    MCPConfigFetchFailedEvent,
     MCPConnectionCompletedEvent,
     MCPConnectionFailedEvent,
     MCPConnectionStartedEvent,
@@ -665,6 +666,16 @@ class EventListener(BaseEventListener):
                 event.error_type,
             )
 
+        @crewai_event_bus.on(MCPConfigFetchFailedEvent)
+        def on_mcp_config_fetch_failed(
+            _: Any, event: MCPConfigFetchFailedEvent
+        ) -> None:
+            self.formatter.handle_mcp_config_fetch_failed(
+                event.slug,
+                event.error,
+                event.error_type,
+            )
+
         @crewai_event_bus.on(MCPToolExecutionStartedEvent)
         def on_mcp_tool_execution_started(
             _: Any, event: MCPToolExecutionStartedEvent

lib/crewai/src/crewai/events/event_types.py

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ from crewai.events.types.llm_guardrail_events import (
     LLMGuardrailStartedEvent,
 )
 from crewai.events.types.mcp_events import (
+    MCPConfigFetchFailedEvent,
     MCPConnectionCompletedEvent,
     MCPConnectionFailedEvent,
     MCPConnectionStartedEvent,
@@ -181,4 +182,5 @@ EventTypes = (
     | MCPToolExecutionStartedEvent
     | MCPToolExecutionCompletedEvent
     | MCPToolExecutionFailedEvent
+    | MCPConfigFetchFailedEvent
 )

lib/crewai/src/crewai/events/types/mcp_events.py

@@ -83,3 +83,16 @@ class MCPToolExecutionFailedEvent(MCPEvent):
     error_type: str | None = None  # "timeout", "validation", "server_error", etc.
     started_at: datetime | None = None
     failed_at: datetime | None = None
+
+
+class MCPConfigFetchFailedEvent(BaseEvent):
+    """Event emitted when fetching an AMP MCP server config fails.
+
+    This covers cases where the slug is not connected, the API call
+    failed, or native MCP resolution failed after config was fetched.
+    """
+
+    type: str = "mcp_config_fetch_failed"
+    slug: str
+    error: str
+    error_type: str | None = None  # "not_connected", "api_error", "connection_failed"

lib/crewai/src/crewai/events/utils/console_formatter.py

@@ -1512,6 +1512,34 @@ To enable tracing, do any one of these:
         self.print(panel)
         self.print()
 
+    def handle_mcp_config_fetch_failed(
+        self,
+        slug: str,
+        error: str = "",
+        error_type: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Handle MCP config fetch failed event (AMP resolution failures)."""
+        if not self.verbose:
+            return
+
+        content = Text()
+        content.append("MCP Config Fetch Failed\n\n", style="red bold")
+        content.append("Server: ", style="white")
+        content.append(f"{slug}\n", style="red")
+
+        if error_type:
+            content.append("Error Type: ", style="white")
+            content.append(f"{error_type}\n", style="red")
+
+        if error:
+            content.append("\nError: ", style="white bold")
+            error_preview = error[:500] + "..." if len(error) > 500 else error
+            content.append(f"{error_preview}\n", style="red")
+
+        panel = self.create_panel(content, "❌ MCP Config Failed", "red")
+        self.print(panel)
+        self.print()
+
     def handle_mcp_tool_execution_started(
         self,
         server_name: str,

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/flow.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from collections.abc import (
     Sequence,
     ValuesView,
 )
-from concurrent.futures import Future
+from concurrent.futures import Future, ThreadPoolExecutor
 import copy
 import enum
 import inspect
@@ -1739,7 +1739,12 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
         async def _run_flow() -> Any:
             return await self.kickoff_async(inputs, input_files)
 
-        return asyncio.run(_run_flow())
+        try:
+            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+            with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as pool:
+                return pool.submit(asyncio.run, _run_flow()).result()
+        except RuntimeError:
+            return asyncio.run(_run_flow())
 
     async def kickoff_async(
         self,

lib/crewai/src/crewai/lite_agent.py

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
 from collections.abc import Callable
-import time
 from functools import wraps
 import inspect
 import json
+import time
 from types import MethodType
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
@@ -49,15 +49,20 @@ from crewai.events.types.agent_events import (
     LiteAgentExecutionErrorEvent,
     LiteAgentExecutionStartedEvent,
 )
+from crewai.events.types.logging_events import AgentLogsExecutionEvent
 from crewai.events.types.memory_events import (
     MemoryRetrievalCompletedEvent,
     MemoryRetrievalFailedEvent,
     MemoryRetrievalStartedEvent,
 )
-from crewai.events.types.logging_events import AgentLogsExecutionEvent
 from crewai.flow.flow_trackable import FlowTrackable
 from crewai.hooks.llm_hooks import get_after_llm_call_hooks, get_before_llm_call_hooks
-from crewai.hooks.types import AfterLLMCallHookType, BeforeLLMCallHookType
+from crewai.hooks.types import (
+    AfterLLMCallHookCallable,
+    AfterLLMCallHookType,
+    BeforeLLMCallHookCallable,
+    BeforeLLMCallHookType,
+)
 from crewai.lite_agent_output import LiteAgentOutput
 from crewai.llm import LLM
 from crewai.llms.base_llm import BaseLLM
@@ -270,11 +275,11 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
     _guardrail: GuardrailCallable | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
     _guardrail_retry_count: int = PrivateAttr(default=0)
     _callbacks: list[TokenCalcHandler] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=list)
-    _before_llm_call_hooks: list[BeforeLLMCallHookType] = PrivateAttr(
-        default_factory=get_before_llm_call_hooks
+    _before_llm_call_hooks: list[BeforeLLMCallHookType | BeforeLLMCallHookCallable] = (
+        PrivateAttr(default_factory=get_before_llm_call_hooks)
     )
-    _after_llm_call_hooks: list[AfterLLMCallHookType] = PrivateAttr(
-        default_factory=get_after_llm_call_hooks
+    _after_llm_call_hooks: list[AfterLLMCallHookType | AfterLLMCallHookCallable] = (
+        PrivateAttr(default_factory=get_after_llm_call_hooks)
     )
     _memory: Any = PrivateAttr(default=None)
 
@@ -440,12 +445,16 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         return self.role
 
     @property
-    def before_llm_call_hooks(self) -> list[BeforeLLMCallHookType]:
+    def before_llm_call_hooks(
+        self,
+    ) -> list[BeforeLLMCallHookType | BeforeLLMCallHookCallable]:
         """Get the before_llm_call hooks for this agent."""
         return self._before_llm_call_hooks
 
     @property
-    def after_llm_call_hooks(self) -> list[AfterLLMCallHookType]:
+    def after_llm_call_hooks(
+        self,
+    ) -> list[AfterLLMCallHookType | AfterLLMCallHookCallable]:
         """Get the after_llm_call hooks for this agent."""
         return self._after_llm_call_hooks
 
@@ -482,11 +491,12 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         # Inject memory tools once if memory is configured (mirrors Agent._prepare_kickoff)
         if self._memory is not None:
             from crewai.tools.memory_tools import create_memory_tools
-            from crewai.utilities.agent_utils import sanitize_tool_name
+            from crewai.utilities.string_utils import sanitize_tool_name
 
             existing_names = {sanitize_tool_name(t.name) for t in self._parsed_tools}
             memory_tools = [
-                mt for mt in create_memory_tools(self._memory)
+                mt
+                for mt in create_memory_tools(self._memory)
                 if sanitize_tool_name(mt.name) not in existing_names
             ]
             if memory_tools:
@@ -565,9 +575,10 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
             if memory_block:
                 formatted = self.i18n.slice("memory").format(memory=memory_block)
                 if self._messages and self._messages[0].get("role") == "system":
-                    self._messages[0]["content"] = (
-                        self._messages[0].get("content", "") + "\n\n" + formatted
-                    )
+                    existing_content = self._messages[0].get("content", "")
+                    if not isinstance(existing_content, str):
+                        existing_content = ""
+                    self._messages[0]["content"] = existing_content + "\n\n" + formatted
             crewai_event_bus.emit(
                 self,
                 event=MemoryRetrievalCompletedEvent(
@@ -588,16 +599,12 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
             )
 
     def _save_to_memory(self, output_text: str) -> None:
-        """Extract discrete memories from the run and remember each. No-op if _memory is None."""
-        if self._memory is None:
+        """Extract discrete memories from the run and remember each. No-op if _memory is None or read-only."""
+        if self._memory is None or getattr(self._memory, "_read_only", False):
             return
         input_str = self._get_last_user_content() or "User request"
         try:
-            raw = (
-                f"Input: {input_str}\n"
-                f"Agent: {self.role}\n"
-                f"Result: {output_text}"
-            )
+            raw = f"Input: {input_str}\nAgent: {self.role}\nResult: {output_text}"
             extracted = self._memory.extract_memories(raw)
             if extracted:
                 self._memory.remember_many(extracted, agent_role=self.role)
@@ -622,13 +629,20 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         )
 
         # Execute the agent using invoke loop
-        agent_finish = self._invoke_loop()
+        active_response_format = response_format or self.response_format
+        agent_finish = self._invoke_loop(response_model=active_response_format)
         if self._memory is not None:
-            self._save_to_memory(agent_finish.output)
+            output_text = (
+                agent_finish.output.model_dump_json()
+                if isinstance(agent_finish.output, BaseModel)
+                else agent_finish.output
+            )
+            self._save_to_memory(output_text)
         formatted_result: BaseModel | None = None
 
-        active_response_format = response_format or self.response_format
-        if active_response_format:
+        if isinstance(agent_finish.output, BaseModel):
+            formatted_result = agent_finish.output
+        elif active_response_format:
             try:
                 model_schema = generate_model_description(active_response_format)
                 schema = json.dumps(model_schema, indent=2)
@@ -660,8 +674,13 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
             usage_metrics = self._token_process.get_summary()
 
         # Create output
+        raw_output = (
+            agent_finish.output.model_dump_json()
+            if isinstance(agent_finish.output, BaseModel)
+            else agent_finish.output
+        )
         output = LiteAgentOutput(
-            raw=agent_finish.output,
+            raw=raw_output,
             pydantic=formatted_result,
             agent_role=self.role,
             usage_metrics=usage_metrics.model_dump() if usage_metrics else None,
@@ -838,10 +857,15 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
 
         return formatted_messages
 
-    def _invoke_loop(self) -> AgentFinish:
+    def _invoke_loop(
+        self, response_model: type[BaseModel] | None = None
+    ) -> AgentFinish:
         """
         Run the agent's thought process until it reaches a conclusion or max iterations.
 
+        Args:
+            response_model: Optional Pydantic model for native structured output.
+
         Returns:
             AgentFinish: The final result of the agent execution.
         """
@@ -870,12 +894,19 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
                         printer=self._printer,
                         from_agent=self,
                         executor_context=self,
+                        response_model=response_model,
                         verbose=self.verbose,
                     )
 
                 except Exception as e:
                     raise e
 
+                if isinstance(answer, BaseModel):
+                    formatted_answer = AgentFinish(
+                        thought="", output=answer, text=answer.model_dump_json()
+                    )
+                    break
+
                 formatted_answer = process_llm_response(
                     cast(str, answer), self.use_stop_words
                 )
@@ -901,7 +932,7 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
                     )
 
                 self._append_message(formatted_answer.text, role="assistant")
-            except OutputParserError as e:  # noqa: PERF203
+            except OutputParserError as e:
                 if self.verbose:
                     self._printer.print(
                         content="Failed to parse LLM output. Retrying...",

lib/crewai/src/crewai/llm.py

@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ class LLM(BaseLLM):
                 f"installed.\n\n"
                 f"To fix this, either:\n"
                 f"  1. Install LiteLLM for broad model support: "
-                f"uv add litellm\n"
+                f"uv add 'crewai[litellm]'\n"
                 f"or\n"
                 f"pip install litellm\n\n"
                 f"For more details, see: "

lib/crewai/src/crewai/llms/providers/gemini/completion.py

@@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ class GeminiCompletion(BaseLLM):
         content = self._extract_text_from_response(response)
 
         effective_response_model = None if self.tools else response_model
-        if not effective_response_model:
+        if not response_model:
             content = self._apply_stop_words(content)
 
         return self._finalize_completion_response(

lib/crewai/src/crewai/mcp/__init__.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from crewai.mcp.filters import (
     create_dynamic_tool_filter,
     create_static_tool_filter,
 )
+from crewai.mcp.tool_resolver import MCPToolResolver
 from crewai.mcp.transports.base import BaseTransport, TransportType
 
 
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "MCPServerHTTP",
     "MCPServerSSE",
     "MCPServerStdio",
+    "MCPToolResolver",
     "StaticToolFilter",
     "ToolFilter",
     "ToolFilterContext",

lib/crewai/src/crewai/mcp/client.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
 from datetime import datetime
 import logging
 import time
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, NamedTuple
 
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
@@ -34,6 +34,13 @@ from crewai.mcp.transports.stdio import StdioTransport
 from crewai.utilities.string_utils import sanitize_tool_name
 
 
+class _MCPToolResult(NamedTuple):
+    """Internal result from an MCP tool call, carrying the ``isError`` flag."""
+
+    content: str
+    is_error: bool
+
+
 # MCP Connection timeout constants (in seconds)
 MCP_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = 30  # Increased for slow servers
 MCP_TOOL_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT = 30
@@ -420,6 +427,7 @@ class MCPClient:
         return [
             {
                 "name": sanitize_tool_name(tool.name),
+                "original_name": tool.name,
                 "description": getattr(tool, "description", ""),
                 "inputSchema": getattr(tool, "inputSchema", {}),
             }
@@ -461,29 +469,46 @@ class MCPClient:
         )
 
         try:
-            result = await self._retry_operation(
+            tool_result: _MCPToolResult = await self._retry_operation(
                 lambda: self._call_tool_impl(tool_name, cleaned_arguments),
                 timeout=self.execution_timeout,
             )
 
-            completed_at = datetime.now()
-            execution_duration_ms = (completed_at - started_at).total_seconds() * 1000
-            crewai_event_bus.emit(
-                self,
-                MCPToolExecutionCompletedEvent(
-                    server_name=server_name,
-                    server_url=server_url,
-                    transport_type=transport_type,
-                    tool_name=tool_name,
-                    tool_args=cleaned_arguments,
-                    result=result,
-                    started_at=started_at,
-                    completed_at=completed_at,
-                    execution_duration_ms=execution_duration_ms,
-                ),
-            )
+            finished_at = datetime.now()
+            execution_duration_ms = (finished_at - started_at).total_seconds() * 1000
 
-            return result
+            if tool_result.is_error:
+                crewai_event_bus.emit(
+                    self,
+                    MCPToolExecutionFailedEvent(
+                        server_name=server_name,
+                        server_url=server_url,
+                        transport_type=transport_type,
+                        tool_name=tool_name,
+                        tool_args=cleaned_arguments,
+                        error=tool_result.content,
+                        error_type="tool_error",
+                        started_at=started_at,
+                        failed_at=finished_at,
+                    ),
+                )
+            else:
+                crewai_event_bus.emit(
+                    self,
+                    MCPToolExecutionCompletedEvent(
+                        server_name=server_name,
+                        server_url=server_url,
+                        transport_type=transport_type,
+                        tool_name=tool_name,
+                        tool_args=cleaned_arguments,
+                        result=tool_result.content,
+                        started_at=started_at,
+                        completed_at=finished_at,
+                        execution_duration_ms=execution_duration_ms,
+                    ),
+                )
+
+            return tool_result.content
         except Exception as e:
             failed_at = datetime.now()
             error_type = (
@@ -564,23 +589,27 @@ class MCPClient:
 
         return cleaned
 
-    async def _call_tool_impl(self, tool_name: str, arguments: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+    async def _call_tool_impl(
+        self, tool_name: str, arguments: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> _MCPToolResult:
         """Internal implementation of call_tool."""
         result = await asyncio.wait_for(
             self.session.call_tool(tool_name, arguments),
             timeout=self.execution_timeout,
         )
 
+        is_error = getattr(result, "isError", False) or False
+
         # Extract result content
         if hasattr(result, "content") and result.content:
             if isinstance(result.content, list) and len(result.content) > 0:
                 content_item = result.content[0]
                 if hasattr(content_item, "text"):
-                    return str(content_item.text)
-                return str(content_item)
-            return str(result.content)
+                    return _MCPToolResult(str(content_item.text), is_error)
+                return _MCPToolResult(str(content_item), is_error)
+            return _MCPToolResult(str(result.content), is_error)
 
-        return str(result)
+        return _MCPToolResult(str(result), is_error)
 
     async def list_prompts(self) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """List available prompts from MCP server.

lib/crewai/src/crewai/mcp/tool_resolver.py

@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+"""MCP tool resolution for CrewAI agents.
+
+This module extracts all MCP-related tool resolution logic from the Agent class
+into a standalone MCPToolResolver. It handles three flavours of MCP reference:
+
+  1. Native configs:   MCPServerStdio / MCPServerHTTP / MCPServerSSE objects.
+  2. HTTPS URLs:       e.g. "https://mcp.example.com/api"
+  3. AMP references:   e.g. "notion" or "notion#search" (legacy "crewai-amp:" prefix also works)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Final, cast
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+from crewai.mcp.client import MCPClient
+from crewai.mcp.config import (
+    MCPServerConfig,
+    MCPServerHTTP,
+    MCPServerSSE,
+    MCPServerStdio,
+)
+from crewai.mcp.transports.http import HTTPTransport
+from crewai.mcp.transports.sse import SSETransport
+from crewai.mcp.transports.stdio import StdioTransport
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool
+    from crewai.utilities.logger import Logger
+
+MCP_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT: Final[int] = 10
+MCP_TOOL_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT: Final[int] = 30
+MCP_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT: Final[int] = 15
+MCP_MAX_RETRIES: Final[int] = 3
+
+_mcp_schema_cache: dict[str, Any] = {}
+_cache_ttl: Final[int] = 300  # 5 minutes
+
+
+class MCPToolResolver:
+    """Resolves MCP server references / configs into CrewAI ``BaseTool`` instances.
+
+    Typical lifecycle::
+
+        resolver = MCPToolResolver(agent=my_agent, logger=my_agent._logger)
+        tools = resolver.resolve(my_agent.mcps)
+        # … agent executes tasks using *tools* …
+        resolver.cleanup()
+
+    The resolver owns the MCP client connections it creates and is responsible
+    for tearing them down via :meth:`cleanup`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, agent: Any, logger: Logger) -> None:
+        self._agent = agent
+        self._logger = logger
+        self._clients: list[Any] = []
+
+    @property
+    def clients(self) -> list[Any]:
+        return list(self._clients)
+
+    def resolve(self, mcps: list[str | MCPServerConfig]) -> list[BaseTool]:
+        """Convert MCP server references/configs to CrewAI tools."""
+        all_tools: list[BaseTool] = []
+        amp_refs: list[tuple[str, str | None]] = []
+
+        for mcp_config in mcps:
+            if isinstance(mcp_config, str) and mcp_config.startswith("https://"):
+                all_tools.extend(self._resolve_external(mcp_config))
+            elif isinstance(mcp_config, str):
+                amp_refs.append(self._parse_amp_ref(mcp_config))
+            else:
+                tools, client = self._resolve_native(mcp_config)
+                all_tools.extend(tools)
+                if client:
+                    self._clients.append(client)
+
+        if amp_refs:
+            tools, clients = self._resolve_amp(amp_refs)
+            all_tools.extend(tools)
+            self._clients.extend(clients)
+
+        return all_tools
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        """Disconnect all MCP client connections."""
+        if not self._clients:
+            return
+
+        async def _disconnect_all() -> None:
+            for client in self._clients:
+                if client and hasattr(client, "connected") and client.connected:
+                    await client.disconnect()
+
+        try:
+            asyncio.run(_disconnect_all())
+        except Exception as e:
+            self._logger.log("error", f"Error during MCP client cleanup: {e}")
+        finally:
+            self._clients.clear()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_amp_ref(mcp_config: str) -> tuple[str, str | None]:
+        """Parse an AMP reference into *(slug, optional tool name)*.
+
+        Accepts both bare slugs (``"notion"``, ``"notion#search"``) and the
+        legacy ``"crewai-amp:notion"`` form.
+        """
+        bare = mcp_config.removeprefix("crewai-amp:")
+        slug, _, specific_tool = bare.partition("#")
+        return slug, specific_tool or None
+
+    def _resolve_amp(
+        self, amp_refs: list[tuple[str, str | None]]
+    ) -> tuple[list[BaseTool], list[Any]]:
+        """Fetch AMP configs in bulk and return their tools and clients.
+
+        Resolves each unique slug only once (single connection per server),
+        then applies per-ref tool filters to select specific tools.
+        """
+        from crewai.events.event_bus import crewai_event_bus
+        from crewai.events.types.mcp_events import MCPConfigFetchFailedEvent
+
+        unique_slugs = list(dict.fromkeys(slug for slug, _ in amp_refs))
+        amp_configs_map = self._fetch_amp_mcp_configs(unique_slugs)
+
+        all_tools: list[BaseTool] = []
+        all_clients: list[Any] = []
+
+        resolved_cache: dict[str, tuple[list[BaseTool], Any | None]] = {}
+
+        for slug in unique_slugs:
+            config_dict = amp_configs_map.get(slug)
+            if not config_dict:
+                crewai_event_bus.emit(
+                    self,
+                    MCPConfigFetchFailedEvent(
+                        slug=slug,
+                        error=f"Config for '{slug}' not found. Make sure it is connected in your account.",
+                        error_type="not_connected",
+                    ),
+                )
+                continue
+
+            mcp_server_config = self._build_mcp_config_from_dict(config_dict)
+
+            try:
+                tools, client = self._resolve_native(mcp_server_config)
+                resolved_cache[slug] = (tools, client)
+                if client:
+                    all_clients.append(client)
+            except Exception as e:
+                crewai_event_bus.emit(
+                    self,
+                    MCPConfigFetchFailedEvent(
+                        slug=slug,
+                        error=str(e),
+                        error_type="connection_failed",
+                    ),
+                )
+
+        for slug, specific_tool in amp_refs:
+            cached = resolved_cache.get(slug)
+            if not cached:
+                continue
+
+            slug_tools, _ = cached
+            if specific_tool:
+                all_tools.extend(
+                    t for t in slug_tools if t.name.endswith(f"_{specific_tool}")
+                )
+            else:
+                all_tools.extend(slug_tools)
+
+        return all_tools, all_clients
+
+    def _fetch_amp_mcp_configs(self, slugs: list[str]) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Fetch MCP server configurations via CrewAI+ API.
+
+        Sends a GET request to the CrewAI+ mcps/configs endpoint with
+        comma-separated slugs. CrewAI+ proxies the request to crewai-oauth.
+
+        API-level failures return ``{}``; individual slugs will then
+        surface as ``MCPConfigFetchFailedEvent`` in :meth:`_resolve_amp`.
+        """
+        import httpx
+
+        try:
+            from crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.misc import (
+                get_platform_integration_token,
+            )
+
+            from crewai.cli.plus_api import PlusAPI
+
+            plus_api = PlusAPI(api_key=get_platform_integration_token())
+            response = plus_api.get_mcp_configs(slugs)
+
+            if response.status_code == 200:
+                configs: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = response.json().get("configs", {})
+                return configs
+
+            self._logger.log(
+                "debug",
+                f"Failed to fetch MCP configs: HTTP {response.status_code}",
+            )
+            return {}
+
+        except httpx.HTTPError as e:
+            self._logger.log("debug", f"Failed to fetch MCP configs: {e}")
+            return {}
+        except Exception as e:
+            self._logger.log("debug", f"Cannot fetch AMP MCP configs: {e}")
+            return {}
+
+    def _resolve_external(self, mcp_ref: str) -> list[BaseTool]:
+        """Resolve an HTTPS MCP server URL into tools."""
+        from crewai.tools.mcp_tool_wrapper import MCPToolWrapper
+
+        if "#" in mcp_ref:
+            server_url, specific_tool = mcp_ref.split("#", 1)
+        else:
+            server_url, specific_tool = mcp_ref, None
+
+        server_params = {"url": server_url}
+        server_name = self._extract_server_name(server_url)
+
+        try:
+            tool_schemas = self._get_mcp_tool_schemas(server_params)
+
+            if not tool_schemas:
+                self._logger.log(
+                    "warning", f"No tools discovered from MCP server: {server_url}"
+                )
+                return []
+
+            tools = []
+            for tool_name, schema in tool_schemas.items():
+                if specific_tool and tool_name != specific_tool:
+                    continue
+
+                try:
+                    wrapper = MCPToolWrapper(
+                        mcp_server_params=server_params,
+                        tool_name=tool_name,
+                        tool_schema=schema,
+                        server_name=server_name,
+                    )
+                    tools.append(wrapper)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    self._logger.log(
+                        "warning",
+                        f"Failed to create MCP tool wrapper for {tool_name}: {e}",
+                    )
+                    continue
+
+            if specific_tool and not tools:
+                self._logger.log(
+                    "warning",
+                    f"Specific tool '{specific_tool}' not found on MCP server: {server_url}",
+                )
+
+            return cast(list[BaseTool], tools)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            self._logger.log(
+                "warning", f"Failed to connect to MCP server {server_url}: {e}"
+            )
+            return []
+
+    def _resolve_native(
+        self, mcp_config: MCPServerConfig
+    ) -> tuple[list[BaseTool], Any | None]:
+        """Resolve an ``MCPServerConfig`` into tools, returning the client for cleanup."""
+        from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool
+        from crewai.tools.mcp_native_tool import MCPNativeTool
+
+        transport: StdioTransport | HTTPTransport | SSETransport
+        if isinstance(mcp_config, MCPServerStdio):
+            transport = StdioTransport(
+                command=mcp_config.command,
+                args=mcp_config.args,
+                env=mcp_config.env,
+            )
+            server_name = f"{mcp_config.command}_{'_'.join(mcp_config.args)}"
+        elif isinstance(mcp_config, MCPServerHTTP):
+            transport = HTTPTransport(
+                url=mcp_config.url,
+                headers=mcp_config.headers,
+                streamable=mcp_config.streamable,
+            )
+            server_name = self._extract_server_name(mcp_config.url)
+        elif isinstance(mcp_config, MCPServerSSE):
+            transport = SSETransport(
+                url=mcp_config.url,
+                headers=mcp_config.headers,
+            )
+            server_name = self._extract_server_name(mcp_config.url)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported MCP server config type: {type(mcp_config)}")
+
+        client = MCPClient(
+            transport=transport,
+            cache_tools_list=mcp_config.cache_tools_list,
+        )
+
+        async def _setup_client_and_list_tools() -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+            try:
+                if not client.connected:
+                    await client.connect()
+
+                tools_list = await client.list_tools()
+
+                try:
+                    await client.disconnect()
+                    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    self._logger.log("error", f"Error during disconnect: {e}")
+
+                return tools_list
+            except Exception as e:
+                if client.connected:
+                    await client.disconnect()
+                    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Error during setup client and list tools: {e}"
+                ) from e
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                asyncio.get_running_loop()
+                import concurrent.futures
+
+                with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
+                    future = executor.submit(
+                        asyncio.run, _setup_client_and_list_tools()
+                    )
+                    tools_list = future.result()
+            except RuntimeError:
+                try:
+                    tools_list = asyncio.run(_setup_client_and_list_tools())
+                except RuntimeError as e:
+                    error_msg = str(e).lower()
+                    if "cancel scope" in error_msg or "task" in error_msg:
+                        raise ConnectionError(
+                            "MCP connection failed due to event loop cleanup issues. "
+                            "This may be due to authentication errors or server unavailability."
+                        ) from e
+                except asyncio.CancelledError as e:
+                    raise ConnectionError(
+                        "MCP connection was cancelled. This may indicate an authentication "
+                        "error or server unavailability."
+                    ) from e
+
+            if mcp_config.tool_filter:
+                filtered_tools = []
+                for tool in tools_list:
+                    if callable(mcp_config.tool_filter):
+                        try:
+                            from crewai.mcp.filters import ToolFilterContext
+
+                            context = ToolFilterContext(
+                                agent=self._agent,
+                                server_name=server_name,
+                                run_context=None,
+                            )
+                            if mcp_config.tool_filter(context, tool):  # type: ignore[call-arg, arg-type]
+                                filtered_tools.append(tool)
+                        except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+                            if mcp_config.tool_filter(tool):  # type: ignore[call-arg, arg-type]
+                                filtered_tools.append(tool)
+                    else:
+                        filtered_tools.append(tool)
+                tools_list = filtered_tools
+
+            tools = []
+            for tool_def in tools_list:
+                tool_name = tool_def.get("name", "")
+                original_tool_name = tool_def.get("original_name", tool_name)
+                if not tool_name:
+                    continue
+
+                args_schema = None
+                if tool_def.get("inputSchema"):
+                    args_schema = self._json_schema_to_pydantic(
+                        tool_name, tool_def["inputSchema"]
+                    )
+
+                tool_schema = {
+                    "description": tool_def.get("description", ""),
+                    "args_schema": args_schema,
+                }
+
+                try:
+                    native_tool = MCPNativeTool(
+                        mcp_client=client,
+                        tool_name=tool_name,
+                        tool_schema=tool_schema,
+                        server_name=server_name,
+                        original_tool_name=original_tool_name,
+                    )
+                    tools.append(native_tool)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    self._logger.log("error", f"Failed to create native MCP tool: {e}")
+                    continue
+
+            return cast(list[BaseTool], tools), client
+        except Exception as e:
+            if client.connected:
+                asyncio.run(client.disconnect())
+
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to get native MCP tools: {e}") from e
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _build_mcp_config_from_dict(
+        config_dict: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> MCPServerConfig:
+        """Convert a config dict from crewai-oauth into an MCPServerConfig."""
+        config_type = config_dict.get("type", "http")
+
+        if config_type == "sse":
+            return MCPServerSSE(
+                url=config_dict["url"],
+                headers=config_dict.get("headers"),
+                cache_tools_list=config_dict.get("cache_tools_list", False),
+            )
+
+        return MCPServerHTTP(
+            url=config_dict["url"],
+            headers=config_dict.get("headers"),
+            streamable=config_dict.get("streamable", True),
+            cache_tools_list=config_dict.get("cache_tools_list", False),
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_server_name(server_url: str) -> str:
+        """Extract clean server name from URL for tool prefixing."""
+        parsed = urlparse(server_url)
+        domain = parsed.netloc.replace(".", "_")
+        path = parsed.path.replace("/", "_").strip("_")
+        return f"{domain}_{path}" if path else domain
+
+    def _get_mcp_tool_schemas(
+        self, server_params: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Get tool schemas from MCP server with caching."""
+        server_url = server_params["url"]
+
+        cache_key = server_url
+        current_time = time.time()
+
+        if cache_key in _mcp_schema_cache:
+            cached_data, cache_time = _mcp_schema_cache[cache_key]
+            if current_time - cache_time < _cache_ttl:
+                self._logger.log(
+                    "debug", f"Using cached MCP tool schemas for {server_url}"
+                )
+                return cached_data  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+        try:
+            schemas = asyncio.run(self._get_mcp_tool_schemas_async(server_params))
+            _mcp_schema_cache[cache_key] = (schemas, current_time)
+            return schemas
+        except Exception as e:
+            self._logger.log(
+                "warning", f"Failed to get MCP tool schemas from {server_url}: {e}"
+            )
+            return {}
+
+    async def _get_mcp_tool_schemas_async(
+        self, server_params: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Async implementation of MCP tool schema retrieval."""
+        server_url = server_params["url"]
+        return await self._retry_mcp_discovery(
+            self._discover_mcp_tools_with_timeout, server_url
+        )
+
+    async def _retry_mcp_discovery(
+        self, operation_func: Any, server_url: str
+    ) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Retry MCP discovery with exponential backoff."""
+        last_error = None
+
+        for attempt in range(MCP_MAX_RETRIES):
+            result, error, should_retry = await self._attempt_mcp_discovery(
+                operation_func, server_url
+            )
+
+            if result is not None:
+                return result
+
+            if not should_retry:
+                raise RuntimeError(error)
+
+            last_error = error
+            if attempt < MCP_MAX_RETRIES - 1:
+                wait_time = 2**attempt
+                await asyncio.sleep(wait_time)
+
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"Failed to discover MCP tools after {MCP_MAX_RETRIES} attempts: {last_error}"
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _attempt_mcp_discovery(
+        operation_func: Any, server_url: str
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, dict[str, Any]] | None, str, bool]:
+        """Attempt single MCP discovery; returns *(result, error_message, should_retry)*."""
+        try:
+            result = await operation_func(server_url)
+            return result, "", False
+
+        except ImportError:
+            return (
+                None,
+                "MCP library not available. Please install with: pip install mcp",
+                False,
+            )
+
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            return (
+                None,
+                f"MCP discovery timed out after {MCP_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT} seconds",
+                True,
+            )
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            error_str = str(e).lower()
+
+            if "authentication" in error_str or "unauthorized" in error_str:
+                return None, f"Authentication failed for MCP server: {e!s}", False
+            if "connection" in error_str or "network" in error_str:
+                return None, f"Network connection failed: {e!s}", True
+            if "json" in error_str or "parsing" in error_str:
+                return None, f"Server response parsing error: {e!s}", True
+            return None, f"MCP discovery error: {e!s}", False
+
+    async def _discover_mcp_tools_with_timeout(
+        self, server_url: str
+    ) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Discover MCP tools with timeout wrapper."""
+        return await asyncio.wait_for(
+            self._discover_mcp_tools(server_url), timeout=MCP_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT
+        )
+
+    async def _discover_mcp_tools(self, server_url: str) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Discover tools from an MCP server (HTTPS / streamable-HTTP path)."""
+        from mcp import ClientSession
+        from mcp.client.streamable_http import streamablehttp_client
+
+        from crewai.utilities.string_utils import sanitize_tool_name
+
+        async with streamablehttp_client(server_url) as (read, write, _):
+            async with ClientSession(read, write) as session:
+                await asyncio.wait_for(
+                    session.initialize(), timeout=MCP_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT
+                )
+
+                tools_result = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                    session.list_tools(),
+                    timeout=MCP_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT - MCP_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT,
+                )
+
+                schemas = {}
+                for tool in tools_result.tools:
+                    args_schema = None
+                    if hasattr(tool, "inputSchema") and tool.inputSchema:
+                        args_schema = self._json_schema_to_pydantic(
+                            sanitize_tool_name(tool.name), tool.inputSchema
+                        )
+
+                    schemas[sanitize_tool_name(tool.name)] = {
+                        "description": getattr(tool, "description", ""),
+                        "args_schema": args_schema,
+                    }
+                return schemas
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _json_schema_to_pydantic(tool_name: str, json_schema: dict[str, Any]) -> type:
+        """Convert JSON Schema to a Pydantic model for tool arguments."""
+        from crewai.utilities.pydantic_schema_utils import create_model_from_schema
+
+        model_name = f"{tool_name.replace('-', '_').replace(' ', '_')}Schema"
+        return create_model_from_schema(
+            json_schema,
+            model_name=model_name,
+            enrich_descriptions=True,
+        )

lib/crewai/src/crewai/memory/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
-"""Memory module: unified Memory with LLM analysis and pluggable storage."""
+"""Memory module: unified Memory with LLM analysis and pluggable storage.
+
+Heavy dependencies are lazily imported so that
+``import crewai`` does not initialise at runtime — critical for
+Celery pre-fork and similar deployment patterns.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
 
-from crewai.memory.encoding_flow import EncodingFlow
 from crewai.memory.memory_scope import MemoryScope, MemorySlice
 from crewai.memory.types import (
     MemoryMatch,
@@ -10,7 +18,24 @@ from crewai.memory.types import (
     embed_text,
     embed_texts,
 )
-from crewai.memory.unified_memory import Memory
+
+_LAZY_IMPORTS: dict[str, tuple[str, str]] = {
+    "Memory": ("crewai.memory.unified_memory", "Memory"),
+    "EncodingFlow": ("crewai.memory.encoding_flow", "EncodingFlow"),
+}
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
+    """Lazily import Memory / EncodingFlow to avoid pulling in lancedb at import time."""
+    if name in _LAZY_IMPORTS:
+        import importlib
+
+        module_path, attr = _LAZY_IMPORTS[name]
+        mod = importlib.import_module(module_path)
+        val = getattr(mod, attr)
+        globals()[name] = val
+        return val
+    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__!r} has no attribute {name!r}")
 
 
 __all__ = [

lib/crewai/src/crewai/memory/memory_scope.py

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class MemoryScope:
 
 
 class MemorySlice:
-    """View over multiple scopes: recall searches all, remember requires explicit scope unless read_only."""
+    """View over multiple scopes: recall searches all, remember is a no-op when read_only."""
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class MemorySlice:
             memory: The underlying Memory instance.
             scopes: List of scope paths to include.
             categories: Optional category filter for recall.
-            read_only: If True, remember() raises PermissionError.
+            read_only: If True, remember() is a silent no-op.
         """
         self._memory = memory
         self._scopes = [s.rstrip("/") or "/" for s in scopes]
@@ -176,10 +176,10 @@ class MemorySlice:
         importance: float | None = None,
         source: str | None = None,
         private: bool = False,
-    ) -> MemoryRecord:
-        """Remember into an explicit scope. Required when read_only=False."""
+    ) -> MemoryRecord | None:
+        """Remember into an explicit scope. No-op when read_only=True."""
         if self._read_only:
-            raise PermissionError("This MemorySlice is read-only")
+            return None
         return self._memory.remember(
             content,
             scope=scope,

lib/crewai/src/crewai/memory/storage/lancedb_storage.py

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
         path: str | Path | None = None,
         table_name: str = "memories",
         vector_dim: int | None = None,
+        compact_every: int = 100,
     ) -> None:
         """Initialize LanceDB storage.
 
@@ -64,6 +65,10 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
             vector_dim: Dimensionality of the embedding vector. When ``None``
                   (default), the dimension is auto-detected from the existing
                   table schema or from the first saved embedding.
+            compact_every: Number of ``save()`` calls between automatic
+                  background compactions.  Each ``save()`` creates one new
+                  fragment file; compaction merges them, keeping query
+                  performance consistent.  Set to 0 to disable.
         """
         if path is None:
             storage_dir = os.environ.get("CREWAI_STORAGE_DIR")
@@ -78,6 +83,22 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
         self._table_name = table_name
         self._db = lancedb.connect(str(self._path))
 
+        # On macOS and Linux the default per-process open-file limit is 256.
+        # A LanceDB table stores one file per fragment (one fragment per save()
+        # call by default).  With hundreds of fragments, a single full-table
+        # scan opens all of them simultaneously, exhausting the limit.
+        # Raise it proactively so scans on large tables never hit OS error 24.
+        try:
+            import resource
+            soft, hard = resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE)
+            if soft < 4096:
+                resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE, (min(hard, 4096), hard))
+        except Exception:  # noqa: S110
+            pass  # Windows or already at the max hard limit — safe to ignore
+
+        self._compact_every = compact_every
+        self._save_count = 0
+
         # Get or create a shared write lock for this database path.
         resolved = str(self._path.resolve())
         with LanceDBStorage._path_locks_guard:
@@ -91,6 +112,11 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
         try:
             self._table: lancedb.table.Table | None = self._db.open_table(self._table_name)
             self._vector_dim: int = self._infer_dim_from_table(self._table)
+            # Best-effort: create the scope index if it doesn't exist yet.
+            self._ensure_scope_index()
+            # Compact in the background if the table has accumulated many
+            # fragments from previous runs (each save() creates one).
+            self._compact_if_needed()
         except Exception:
             self._table = None
             self._vector_dim = vector_dim or 0  # 0 = not yet known
@@ -178,6 +204,56 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
         table.delete("id = '__schema_placeholder__'")
         return table
 
+    def _ensure_scope_index(self) -> None:
+        """Create a BTREE scalar index on the ``scope`` column if not present.
+
+        A scalar index lets LanceDB skip a full table scan when filtering by
+        scope prefix, which is the hot path for ``list_records``,
+        ``get_scope_info``, and ``list_scopes``.  The call is best-effort:
+        if the table is empty or the index already exists the exception is
+        swallowed silently.
+        """
+        if self._table is None:
+            return
+        try:
+            self._table.create_scalar_index("scope", index_type="BTREE", replace=False)
+        except Exception:  # noqa: S110
+            pass  # index already exists, table empty, or unsupported version
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Automatic background compaction
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _compact_if_needed(self) -> None:
+        """Spawn a background compaction on startup.
+
+        Called whenever an existing table is opened so that fragments
+        accumulated in previous sessions are silently merged before the
+        first query.  ``optimize()`` returns quickly when the table is
+        already compact, so the cost is negligible in the common case.
+        """
+        if self._table is None or self._compact_every <= 0:
+            return
+        self._compact_async()
+
+    def _compact_async(self) -> None:
+        """Fire-and-forget: compact the table in a daemon background thread."""
+        threading.Thread(
+            target=self._compact_safe,
+            daemon=True,
+            name="lancedb-compact",
+        ).start()
+
+    def _compact_safe(self) -> None:
+        """Run ``table.optimize()`` in a background thread, absorbing errors."""
+        try:
+            if self._table is not None:
+                self._table.optimize()
+                # Refresh the scope index so new fragments are covered.
+                self._ensure_scope_index()
+        except Exception:
+            _logger.debug("LanceDB background compaction failed", exc_info=True)
+
     def _ensure_table(self, vector_dim: int | None = None) -> lancedb.table.Table:
         """Return the table, creating it lazily if needed.
 
@@ -239,6 +315,7 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
             if r.embedding and len(r.embedding) > 0:
                 dim = len(r.embedding)
                 break
+        is_new_table = self._table is None
         with self._write_lock:
             self._ensure_table(vector_dim=dim)
             rows = [self._record_to_row(r) for r in records]
@@ -246,6 +323,13 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
                 if r["vector"] is None or len(r["vector"]) != self._vector_dim:
                     r["vector"] = [0.0] * self._vector_dim
             self._retry_write("add", rows)
+        # Create the scope index on the first save so it covers the initial dataset.
+        if is_new_table:
+            self._ensure_scope_index()
+        # Auto-compact every N saves so fragment files don't pile up.
+        self._save_count += 1
+        if self._compact_every > 0 and self._save_count % self._compact_every == 0:
+            self._compact_async()
 
     def update(self, record: MemoryRecord) -> None:
         """Update a record by ID. Preserves created_at, updates last_accessed."""
@@ -261,6 +345,10 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
     def touch_records(self, record_ids: list[str]) -> None:
         """Update last_accessed to now for the given record IDs.
 
+        Uses a single batch ``table.update()`` call instead of N
+        delete-and-re-add cycles, which is both faster and avoids
+        unnecessary write amplification.
+
         Args:
             record_ids: IDs of records to touch.
         """
@@ -268,25 +356,20 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
             return
         with self._write_lock:
             now = datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
-            for rid in record_ids:
-                safe_id = str(rid).replace("'", "''")
-                rows = (
-                    self._table.search([0.0] * self._vector_dim)
-                    .where(f"id = '{safe_id}'")
-                    .limit(1)
-                    .to_list()
-                )
-                if rows:
-                    rows[0]["last_accessed"] = now
-                    self._retry_write("delete", f"id = '{safe_id}'")
-                    self._retry_write("add", [rows[0]])
+            safe_ids = [str(rid).replace("'", "''") for rid in record_ids]
+            ids_expr = ", ".join(f"'{rid}'" for rid in safe_ids)
+            self._retry_write(
+                "update",
+                where=f"id IN ({ids_expr})",
+                values={"last_accessed": now},
+            )
 
     def get_record(self, record_id: str) -> MemoryRecord | None:
         """Return a single record by ID, or None if not found."""
         if self._table is None:
             return None
         safe_id = str(record_id).replace("'", "''")
-        rows = self._table.search([0.0] * self._vector_dim).where(f"id = '{safe_id}'").limit(1).to_list()
+        rows = self._table.search().where(f"id = '{safe_id}'").limit(1).to_list()
         if not rows:
             return None
         return self._row_to_record(rows[0])
@@ -374,13 +457,31 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
             self._retry_write("delete", where_expr)
             return before - self._table.count_rows()
 
-    def _scan_rows(self, scope_prefix: str | None = None, limit: int = _SCAN_ROWS_LIMIT) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-        """Scan rows optionally filtered by scope prefix."""
+    def _scan_rows(
+        self,
+        scope_prefix: str | None = None,
+        limit: int = _SCAN_ROWS_LIMIT,
+        columns: list[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Scan rows optionally filtered by scope prefix.
+
+        Uses a full table scan (no vector query) so the limit is applied after
+        the scope filter, not to ANN candidates before filtering.
+
+        Args:
+            scope_prefix: Optional scope path prefix to filter by.
+            limit: Maximum number of rows to return (applied after filtering).
+            columns: Optional list of column names to fetch.  Pass only the
+                columns you need for metadata operations to avoid reading the
+                heavy ``vector`` column unnecessarily.
+        """
         if self._table is None:
             return []
-        q = self._table.search([0.0] * self._vector_dim)
+        q = self._table.search()
         if scope_prefix is not None and scope_prefix.strip("/"):
             q = q.where(f"scope LIKE '{scope_prefix.rstrip('/')}%'")
+        if columns is not None:
+            q = q.select(columns)
         return q.limit(limit).to_list()
 
     def list_records(
@@ -406,7 +507,10 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
         prefix = scope if scope != "/" else ""
         if prefix and not prefix.startswith("/"):
             prefix = "/" + prefix
-        rows = self._scan_rows(prefix or None)
+        rows = self._scan_rows(
+            prefix or None,
+            columns=["scope", "categories_str", "created_at"],
+        )
         if not rows:
             return ScopeInfo(
                 path=scope or "/",
@@ -453,7 +557,7 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
     def list_scopes(self, parent: str = "/") -> list[str]:
         parent = parent.rstrip("/") or ""
         prefix = (parent + "/") if parent else "/"
-        rows = self._scan_rows(prefix if prefix != "/" else None)
+        rows = self._scan_rows(prefix if prefix != "/" else None, columns=["scope"])
         children: set[str] = set()
         for row in rows:
             sc = str(row.get("scope", ""))
@@ -465,7 +569,7 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
         return sorted(children)
 
     def list_categories(self, scope_prefix: str | None = None) -> dict[str, int]:
-        rows = self._scan_rows(scope_prefix)
+        rows = self._scan_rows(scope_prefix, columns=["categories_str"])
         counts: dict[str, int] = {}
         for row in rows:
             cat_str = row.get("categories_str") or "[]"
@@ -498,6 +602,21 @@ class LanceDBStorage:
         if prefix:
             self._table.delete(f"scope >= '{prefix}' AND scope < '{prefix}/\uFFFF'")
 
+    def optimize(self) -> None:
+        """Compact the table synchronously and refresh the scope index.
+
+        Under normal usage this is called automatically in the background
+        (every ``compact_every`` saves and on startup when the table is
+        fragmented).  Call this explicitly only when you need the compaction
+        to be complete before the next operation — for example immediately
+        after a large bulk import, before a latency-sensitive recall.
+        It is a no-op if the table does not exist.
+        """
+        if self._table is None:
+            return
+        self._table.optimize()
+        self._ensure_scope_index()
+
     async def asave(self, records: list[MemoryRecord]) -> None:
         self.save(records)
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/memory/types.py

@@ -87,6 +87,22 @@ class MemoryMatch(BaseModel):
         description="Information the system looked for but could not find.",
     )
 
+    def format(self) -> str:
+        """Format this match as a human-readable string including metadata.
+
+        Returns:
+            A multi-line string with score, content, categories, and non-empty
+            metadata fields.
+        """
+        lines = [f"- (score={self.score:.2f}) {self.record.content}"]
+        if self.record.categories:
+            lines.append(f"  categories: {', '.join(self.record.categories)}")
+        if self.record.metadata:
+            for key, value in self.record.metadata.items():
+                if value is not None:
+                    lines.append(f"  {key}: {value}")
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
 
 class ScopeInfo(BaseModel):
     """Information about a scope in the memory hierarchy."""
@@ -291,7 +307,7 @@ def embed_text(embedder: Any, text: str) -> list[float]:
         return []
     first = result[0]
     if hasattr(first, "tolist"):
-        return first.tolist()
+        return list(first.tolist())
     if isinstance(first, list):
         return [float(x) for x in first]
     return list(first)

lib/crewai/src/crewai/memory/unified_memory.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from concurrent.futures import Future, ThreadPoolExecutor
 from datetime import datetime
 import threading
 import time
-from typing import Any, Literal
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
 
 from crewai.events.event_bus import crewai_event_bus
 from crewai.events.types.memory_events import (
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from crewai.llms.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from crewai.memory.analyze import extract_memories_from_content
 from crewai.memory.recall_flow import RecallFlow
 from crewai.memory.storage.backend import StorageBackend
-from crewai.memory.storage.lancedb_storage import LanceDBStorage
 from crewai.memory.types import (
     MemoryConfig,
     MemoryMatch,
@@ -30,13 +29,20 @@ from crewai.memory.types import (
     compute_composite_score,
     embed_text,
 )
+from crewai.rag.embeddings.factory import build_embedder
+from crewai.rag.embeddings.providers.openai.types import OpenAIProviderSpec
 
 
-def _default_embedder() -> Any:
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from chromadb.utils.embedding_functions.openai_embedding_function import (
+        OpenAIEmbeddingFunction,
+    )
+
+
+def _default_embedder() -> OpenAIEmbeddingFunction:
     """Build default OpenAI embedder for memory."""
-    from crewai.rag.embeddings.factory import build_embedder
-
-    return build_embedder({"provider": "openai", "config": {}})
+    spec: OpenAIProviderSpec = {"provider": "openai", "config": {}}
+    return build_embedder(spec)
 
 
 class Memory:
@@ -88,6 +94,10 @@ class Memory:
         # Queries shorter than this skip LLM analysis (saving ~1-3s).
         # Longer queries (full task descriptions) benefit from LLM distillation.
         query_analysis_threshold: int = 200,
+        # When True, all write operations (remember, remember_many) are silently
+        # skipped. Useful for sharing a read-only view of memory across agents
+        # without any of them persisting new memories.
+        read_only: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         """Initialize Memory.
 
@@ -107,7 +117,9 @@ class Memory:
             complex_query_threshold: For complex queries, explore deeper below this confidence.
             exploration_budget: Number of LLM-driven exploration rounds during deep recall.
             query_analysis_threshold: Queries shorter than this skip LLM analysis during deep recall.
+            read_only: If True, remember() and remember_many() are silent no-ops.
         """
+        self._read_only = read_only
         self._config = MemoryConfig(
             recency_weight=recency_weight,
             semantic_weight=semantic_weight,
@@ -130,14 +142,15 @@ class Memory:
         self._llm_instance: BaseLLM | None = None if isinstance(llm, str) else llm
         self._embedder_config: Any = embedder
         self._embedder_instance: Any = (
-            embedder if (embedder is not None and not isinstance(embedder, dict)) else None
+            embedder
+            if (embedder is not None and not isinstance(embedder, dict))
+            else None
         )
 
-        # Storage is initialized eagerly (local, no API key needed).
-        if storage == "lancedb":
-            self._storage = LanceDBStorage()
-        elif isinstance(storage, str):
-            self._storage = LanceDBStorage(path=storage)
+        if isinstance(storage, str):
+            from crewai.memory.storage.lancedb_storage import LanceDBStorage
+
+            self._storage = LanceDBStorage() if storage == "lancedb" else LanceDBStorage(path=storage)
         else:
             self._storage = storage
 
@@ -160,12 +173,17 @@ class Memory:
             from crewai.llm import LLM
 
             try:
-                self._llm_instance = LLM(model=self._llm_config)
+                model_name = (
+                    self._llm_config
+                    if isinstance(self._llm_config, str)
+                    else str(self._llm_config)
+                )
+                self._llm_instance = LLM(model=model_name)
             except Exception as e:
                 raise RuntimeError(
                     f"Memory requires an LLM for analysis but initialization failed: {e}\n\n"
                     "To fix this, do one of the following:\n"
-                    '  - Set OPENAI_API_KEY for the default model (gpt-4o-mini)\n'
+                    "  - Set OPENAI_API_KEY for the default model (gpt-4o-mini)\n"
                     '  - Pass a different model: Memory(llm="anthropic/claude-3-haiku-20240307")\n'
                     '  - Pass any LLM instance: Memory(llm=LLM(model="your-model"))\n'
                     "  - To skip LLM analysis, pass all fields explicitly to remember()\n"
@@ -180,8 +198,6 @@ class Memory:
         if self._embedder_instance is None:
             try:
                 if isinstance(self._embedder_config, dict):
-                    from crewai.rag.embeddings.factory import build_embedder
-
                     self._embedder_instance = build_embedder(self._embedder_config)
                 else:
                     self._embedder_instance = _default_embedder()
@@ -317,7 +333,7 @@ class Memory:
         source: str | None = None,
         private: bool = False,
         agent_role: str | None = None,
-    ) -> MemoryRecord:
+    ) -> MemoryRecord | None:
         """Store a single item in memory (synchronous).
 
         Routes through the same serialized save pool as ``remember_many``
@@ -335,11 +351,13 @@ class Memory:
             agent_role: Optional agent role for event metadata.
 
         Returns:
-            The created MemoryRecord.
+            The created MemoryRecord, or None if this memory is read-only.
 
         Raises:
             Exception: On save failure (events emitted).
         """
+        if self._read_only:
+            return None
         _source_type = "unified_memory"
         try:
             crewai_event_bus.emit(
@@ -356,7 +374,13 @@ class Memory:
             # then immediately wait for the result.
             future = self._submit_save(
                 self._encode_batch,
-                [content], scope, categories, metadata, importance, source, private,
+                [content],
+                scope,
+                categories,
+                metadata,
+                importance,
+                source,
+                private,
             )
             records = future.result()
             record = records[0] if records else None
@@ -420,13 +444,19 @@ class Memory:
         Returns:
             Empty list (records are not available until the background save completes).
         """
-        if not contents:
+        if not contents or self._read_only:
             return []
 
         self._submit_save(
             self._background_encode_batch,
-            contents, scope, categories, metadata,
-            importance, source, private, agent_role,
+            contents,
+            scope,
+            categories,
+            metadata,
+            importance,
+            source,
+            private,
+            agent_role,
         )
         return []
 
@@ -566,14 +596,13 @@ class Memory:
                     # Privacy filter
                     if not include_private:
                         raw = [
-                            (r, s) for r, s in raw
+                            (r, s)
+                            for r, s in raw
                             if not r.private or r.source == source
                         ]
                     results = []
                     for r, s in raw:
-                        composite, reasons = compute_composite_score(
-                            r, s, self._config
-                        )
+                        composite, reasons = compute_composite_score(r, s, self._config)
                         results.append(
                             MemoryMatch(
                                 record=r,
@@ -739,7 +768,9 @@ class Memory:
             limit: Maximum number of records to return.
             offset: Number of records to skip (for pagination).
         """
-        return self._storage.list_records(scope_prefix=scope, limit=limit, offset=offset)
+        return self._storage.list_records(
+            scope_prefix=scope, limit=limit, offset=offset
+        )
 
     def info(self, path: str = "/") -> ScopeInfo:
         """Return scope info for path."""
@@ -781,7 +812,7 @@ class Memory:
         importance: float | None = None,
         source: str | None = None,
         private: bool = False,
-    ) -> MemoryRecord:
+    ) -> MemoryRecord | None:
         """Async remember: delegates to sync for now."""
         return self.remember(
             content,

lib/crewai/src/crewai/rag/embeddings/factory.py

@@ -216,6 +216,10 @@ def build_embedder_from_dict(
 def build_embedder_from_dict(spec: ONNXProviderSpec) -> ONNXMiniLM_L6_V2: ...
 
 
+@overload
+def build_embedder_from_dict(spec: dict[str, Any]) -> EmbeddingFunction[Any]: ...
+
+
 def build_embedder_from_dict(spec):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
     """Build an embedding function instance from a dictionary specification.
 
@@ -341,6 +345,10 @@ def build_embedder(spec: Text2VecProviderSpec) -> Text2VecEmbeddingFunction: ...
 def build_embedder(spec: ONNXProviderSpec) -> ONNXMiniLM_L6_V2: ...
 
 
+@overload
+def build_embedder(spec: dict[str, Any]) -> EmbeddingFunction[Any]: ...
+
+
 def build_embedder(spec):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
     """Build an embedding function from either a provider spec or a provider instance.
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/task.py

@@ -586,16 +586,29 @@ class Task(BaseModel):
 
             self._post_agent_execution(agent)
 
-            if not self._guardrails and not self._guardrail:
+            if isinstance(result, BaseModel):
+                raw = result.model_dump_json()
+                if self.output_pydantic:
+                    pydantic_output = result
+                    json_output = None
+                elif self.output_json:
+                    pydantic_output = None
+                    json_output = result.model_dump()
+                else:
+                    pydantic_output = None
+                    json_output = None
+            elif not self._guardrails and not self._guardrail:
+                raw = result
                 pydantic_output, json_output = self._export_output(result)
             else:
+                raw = result
                 pydantic_output, json_output = None, None
 
             task_output = TaskOutput(
                 name=self.name or self.description,
                 description=self.description,
                 expected_output=self.expected_output,
-                raw=result,
+                raw=raw,
                 pydantic=pydantic_output,
                 json_dict=json_output,
                 agent=agent.role,
@@ -687,16 +700,29 @@ class Task(BaseModel):
 
             self._post_agent_execution(agent)
 
-            if not self._guardrails and not self._guardrail:
+            if isinstance(result, BaseModel):
+                raw = result.model_dump_json()
+                if self.output_pydantic:
+                    pydantic_output = result
+                    json_output = None
+                elif self.output_json:
+                    pydantic_output = None
+                    json_output = result.model_dump()
+                else:
+                    pydantic_output = None
+                    json_output = None
+            elif not self._guardrails and not self._guardrail:
+                raw = result
                 pydantic_output, json_output = self._export_output(result)
             else:
+                raw = result
                 pydantic_output, json_output = None, None
 
             task_output = TaskOutput(
                 name=self.name or self.description,
                 description=self.description,
                 expected_output=self.expected_output,
-                raw=result,
+                raw=raw,
                 pydantic=pydantic_output,
                 json_dict=json_output,
                 agent=agent.role,

lib/crewai/src/crewai/tools/base_tool.py

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from pydantic import (
     BaseModel as PydanticBaseModel,
     ConfigDict,
     Field,
-    ValidationError,
     create_model,
     field_validator,
 )
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@ class BaseTool(BaseModel, ABC):
         Raises:
             ValueError: If validation against args_schema fails.
         """
-        if kwargs and self.args_schema is not None and self.args_schema.model_fields:
+        if self.args_schema is not None and self.args_schema.model_fields:
             try:
                 validated = self.args_schema.model_validate(kwargs)
                 return validated.model_dump()
@@ -178,7 +177,8 @@ class BaseTool(BaseModel, ABC):
         *args: Any,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Any:
-        kwargs = self._validate_kwargs(kwargs)
+        if not args:
+            kwargs = self._validate_kwargs(kwargs)
 
         result = self._run(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -203,7 +203,8 @@ class BaseTool(BaseModel, ABC):
         Returns:
             The result of the tool execution.
         """
-        kwargs = self._validate_kwargs(kwargs)
+        if not args:
+            kwargs = self._validate_kwargs(kwargs)
         result = await self._arun(*args, **kwargs)
         self.current_usage_count += 1
         return result
@@ -356,7 +357,8 @@ class Tool(BaseTool, Generic[P, R]):
         Returns:
             The result of the tool execution.
         """
-        kwargs = self._validate_kwargs(kwargs)
+        if not args:
+            kwargs = self._validate_kwargs(kwargs)  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
         result = self.func(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -388,7 +390,8 @@ class Tool(BaseTool, Generic[P, R]):
         Returns:
             The result of the tool execution.
         """
-        kwargs = self._validate_kwargs(kwargs)
+        if not args:
+            kwargs = self._validate_kwargs(kwargs)  # type: ignore[assignment]
         result = await self._arun(*args, **kwargs)
         self.current_usage_count += 1
         return result

lib/crewai/src/crewai/tools/mcp_native_tool.py

@@ -27,14 +27,16 @@ class MCPNativeTool(BaseTool):
         tool_name: str,
         tool_schema: dict[str, Any],
         server_name: str,
+        original_tool_name: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Initialize native MCP tool.
 
         Args:
             mcp_client: MCPClient instance with active session.
-            tool_name: Original name of the tool on the MCP server.
+            tool_name: Name of the tool (may be prefixed).
             tool_schema: Schema information for the tool.
             server_name: Name of the MCP server for prefixing.
+            original_tool_name: Original name of the tool on the MCP server.
         """
         # Create tool name with server prefix to avoid conflicts
         prefixed_name = f"{server_name}_{tool_name}"
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ class MCPNativeTool(BaseTool):
 
         # Set instance attributes after super().__init__
         self._mcp_client = mcp_client
-        self._original_tool_name = tool_name
+        self._original_tool_name = original_tool_name or tool_name
         self._server_name = server_name
         # self._logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/tools/memory_tools.py

@@ -20,14 +20,6 @@ class RecallMemorySchema(BaseModel):
             "or multiple items to search for several things at once."
         ),
     )
-    scope: str | None = Field(
-        default=None,
-        description="Optional scope to narrow the search (e.g. /project/alpha)",
-    )
-    depth: str = Field(
-        default="shallow",
-        description="'shallow' for fast vector search, 'deep' for LLM-analyzed retrieval",
-    )
 
 
 class RecallMemoryTool(BaseTool):
@@ -41,32 +33,27 @@ class RecallMemoryTool(BaseTool):
     def _run(
         self,
         queries: list[str] | str,
-        scope: str | None = None,
-        depth: str = "shallow",
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> str:
         """Search memory for relevant information.
 
         Args:
             queries: One or more search queries (string or list of strings).
-            scope: Optional scope prefix to narrow the search.
-            depth: "shallow" for fast vector search, "deep" for LLM-analyzed retrieval.
 
         Returns:
             Formatted string of matching memories, or a message if none found.
         """
         if isinstance(queries, str):
             queries = [queries]
-        actual_depth = depth if depth in ("shallow", "deep") else "shallow"
 
         all_lines: list[str] = []
         seen_ids: set[str] = set()
         for query in queries:
-            matches = self.memory.recall(query, scope=scope, limit=5, depth=actual_depth)
+            matches = self.memory.recall(query)
             for m in matches:
                 if m.record.id not in seen_ids:
                     seen_ids.add(m.record.id)
-                    all_lines.append(f"- (score={m.score:.2f}) {m.record.content}")
+                    all_lines.append(m.format())
 
         if not all_lines:
             return "No relevant memories found."
@@ -117,20 +104,28 @@ class RememberTool(BaseTool):
 def create_memory_tools(memory: Any) -> list[BaseTool]:
     """Create Recall and Remember tools for the given memory instance.
 
+    When memory is read-only (``_read_only=True``), only the RecallMemoryTool
+    is returned — the RememberTool is omitted so agents are never offered a
+    save capability they cannot use.
+
     Args:
         memory: A Memory, MemoryScope, or MemorySlice instance.
 
     Returns:
-        List containing a RecallMemoryTool and a RememberTool.
+        List containing a RecallMemoryTool and, if not read-only, a RememberTool.
     """
     i18n = get_i18n()
-    return [
+    tools: list[BaseTool] = [
         RecallMemoryTool(
             memory=memory,
             description=i18n.tools("recall_memory"),
         ),
-        RememberTool(
-            memory=memory,
-            description=i18n.tools("save_to_memory"),
-        ),
     ]
+    if not getattr(memory, "_read_only", False):
+        tools.append(
+            RememberTool(
+                memory=memory,
+                description=i18n.tools("save_to_memory"),
+            )
+        )
+    return tools

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/agent_utils.py

@@ -168,7 +168,9 @@ def convert_tools_to_openai_schema(
         parameters: dict[str, Any] = {}
         if hasattr(tool, "args_schema") and tool.args_schema is not None:
             try:
-                schema_output = generate_model_description(tool.args_schema)
+                schema_output = generate_model_description(
+                    tool.args_schema, strip_null_types=False
+                )
                 parameters = schema_output.get("json_schema", {}).get("schema", {})
                 # Remove title and description from schema root as they're redundant
                 parameters.pop("title", None)

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/pydantic_schema_utils.py

@@ -417,7 +417,11 @@ def strip_null_from_types(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return schema
 
 
-def generate_model_description(model: type[BaseModel]) -> ModelDescription:
+def generate_model_description(
+    model: type[BaseModel],
+    *,
+    strip_null_types: bool = True,
+) -> ModelDescription:
     """Generate JSON schema description of a Pydantic model.
 
     This function takes a Pydantic model class and returns its JSON schema,
@@ -426,6 +430,9 @@ def generate_model_description(model: type[BaseModel]) -> ModelDescription:
 
     Args:
         model: A Pydantic model class.
+        strip_null_types: When ``True`` (default), remove ``null`` from
+            ``anyOf`` / ``type`` arrays.  Set to ``False`` to allow sending ``null`` for
+            optional fields.
 
     Returns:
         A ModelDescription with JSON schema representation of the model.
@@ -442,7 +449,9 @@ def generate_model_description(model: type[BaseModel]) -> ModelDescription:
     json_schema = fix_discriminator_mappings(json_schema)
     json_schema = convert_oneof_to_anyof(json_schema)
     json_schema = ensure_all_properties_required(json_schema)
-    json_schema = strip_null_from_types(json_schema)
+
+    if strip_null_types:
+        json_schema = strip_null_from_types(json_schema)
 
     return {
         "type": "json_schema",
@@ -482,10 +491,66 @@ FORMAT_TYPE_MAP: dict[str, type[Any]] = {
 }
 
 
+def build_rich_field_description(prop_schema: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    """Build a comprehensive field description including constraints.
+
+    Embeds format, enum, pattern, min/max, and example constraints into the
+    description text so that LLMs can understand tool parameter requirements
+    without inspecting the raw JSON Schema.
+
+    Args:
+        prop_schema: Property schema with description and constraints.
+
+    Returns:
+        Enhanced description with format, enum, and other constraints.
+    """
+    parts: list[str] = []
+
+    description = prop_schema.get("description", "")
+    if description:
+        parts.append(description)
+
+    format_type = prop_schema.get("format")
+    if format_type:
+        parts.append(f"Format: {format_type}")
+
+    enum_values = prop_schema.get("enum")
+    if enum_values:
+        enum_str = ", ".join(repr(v) for v in enum_values)
+        parts.append(f"Allowed values: [{enum_str}]")
+
+    pattern = prop_schema.get("pattern")
+    if pattern:
+        parts.append(f"Pattern: {pattern}")
+
+    minimum = prop_schema.get("minimum")
+    maximum = prop_schema.get("maximum")
+    if minimum is not None:
+        parts.append(f"Minimum: {minimum}")
+    if maximum is not None:
+        parts.append(f"Maximum: {maximum}")
+
+    min_length = prop_schema.get("minLength")
+    max_length = prop_schema.get("maxLength")
+    if min_length is not None:
+        parts.append(f"Min length: {min_length}")
+    if max_length is not None:
+        parts.append(f"Max length: {max_length}")
+
+    examples = prop_schema.get("examples")
+    if examples:
+        examples_str = ", ".join(repr(e) for e in examples[:3])
+        parts.append(f"Examples: {examples_str}")
+
+    return ". ".join(parts) if parts else ""
+
+
 def create_model_from_schema(  # type: ignore[no-any-unimported]
     json_schema: dict[str, Any],
     *,
     root_schema: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    model_name: str | None = None,
+    enrich_descriptions: bool = False,
     __config__: ConfigDict | None = None,
     __base__: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
     __module__: str = __name__,
@@ -503,6 +568,13 @@ def create_model_from_schema(  # type: ignore[no-any-unimported]
         json_schema: A dictionary representing the JSON schema.
         root_schema: The root schema containing $defs. If not provided, the
             current schema is treated as the root schema.
+        model_name: Override for the model name. If not provided, the schema
+            ``title`` field is used, falling back to ``"DynamicModel"``.
+        enrich_descriptions: When True, augment field descriptions with
+            constraint info (format, enum, pattern, min/max, examples) via
+            :func:`build_rich_field_description`.  Useful for LLM-facing tool
+            schemas where constraints in the description help the model
+            understand parameter requirements.
         __config__: Pydantic configuration for the generated model.
         __base__: Base class for the generated model. Defaults to BaseModel.
         __module__: Module name for the generated model class.
@@ -539,10 +611,14 @@ def create_model_from_schema(  # type: ignore[no-any-unimported]
         if "title" not in json_schema and "title" in (root_schema or {}):
             json_schema["title"] = (root_schema or {}).get("title")
 
-    model_name = json_schema.get("title") or "DynamicModel"
+    effective_name = model_name or json_schema.get("title") or "DynamicModel"
     field_definitions = {
         name: _json_schema_to_pydantic_field(
-            name, prop, json_schema.get("required", []), effective_root
+            name,
+            prop,
+            json_schema.get("required", []),
+            effective_root,
+            enrich_descriptions=enrich_descriptions,
         )
         for name, prop in (json_schema.get("properties", {}) or {}).items()
     }
@@ -550,7 +626,7 @@ def create_model_from_schema(  # type: ignore[no-any-unimported]
     effective_config = __config__ or ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
 
     return create_model_base(
-        model_name,
+        effective_name,
         __config__=effective_config,
         __base__=__base__,
         __module__=__module__,
@@ -565,6 +641,8 @@ def _json_schema_to_pydantic_field(
     json_schema: dict[str, Any],
     required: list[str],
     root_schema: dict[str, Any],
+    *,
+    enrich_descriptions: bool = False,
 ) -> Any:
     """Convert a JSON schema property to a Pydantic field definition.
 
@@ -573,20 +651,29 @@ def _json_schema_to_pydantic_field(
         json_schema: The JSON schema for this field.
         required: List of required field names.
         root_schema: The root schema for resolving $ref.
+        enrich_descriptions: When True, embed constraints in the description.
 
     Returns:
         A tuple of (type, Field) for use with create_model.
     """
-    type_ = _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(json_schema, root_schema, name_=name.title())
-    description = json_schema.get("description")
-    examples = json_schema.get("examples")
+    type_ = _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
+        json_schema, root_schema, name_=name.title(), enrich_descriptions=enrich_descriptions
+    )
     is_required = name in required
 
     field_params: dict[str, Any] = {}
     schema_extra: dict[str, Any] = {}
 
-    if description:
-        field_params["description"] = description
+    if enrich_descriptions:
+        rich_desc = build_rich_field_description(json_schema)
+        if rich_desc:
+            field_params["description"] = rich_desc
+    else:
+        description = json_schema.get("description")
+        if description:
+            field_params["description"] = description
+
+    examples = json_schema.get("examples")
     if examples:
         schema_extra["examples"] = examples
 
@@ -702,6 +789,7 @@ def _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
     root_schema: dict[str, Any],
     *,
     name_: str | None = None,
+    enrich_descriptions: bool = False,
 ) -> Any:
     """Convert a JSON schema to a Python/Pydantic type.
 
@@ -709,6 +797,7 @@ def _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
         json_schema: The JSON schema to convert.
         root_schema: The root schema for resolving $ref.
         name_: Optional name for nested models.
+        enrich_descriptions: Propagated to nested model creation.
 
     Returns:
         A Python type corresponding to the JSON schema.
@@ -716,7 +805,9 @@ def _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
     ref = json_schema.get("$ref")
     if ref:
         ref_schema = _resolve_ref(ref, root_schema)
-        return _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(ref_schema, root_schema, name_=name_)
+        return _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
+            ref_schema, root_schema, name_=name_, enrich_descriptions=enrich_descriptions
+        )
 
     enum_values = json_schema.get("enum")
     if enum_values:
@@ -731,7 +822,10 @@ def _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
     if any_of_schemas:
         any_of_types = [
             _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
-                schema, root_schema, name_=f"{name_ or 'Union'}Option{i}"
+                schema,
+                root_schema,
+                name_=f"{name_ or 'Union'}Option{i}",
+                enrich_descriptions=enrich_descriptions,
             )
             for i, schema in enumerate(any_of_schemas)
         ]
@@ -741,10 +835,14 @@ def _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
     if all_of_schemas:
         if len(all_of_schemas) == 1:
             return _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
-                all_of_schemas[0], root_schema, name_=name_
+                all_of_schemas[0], root_schema, name_=name_,
+                enrich_descriptions=enrich_descriptions,
             )
         merged = _merge_all_of_schemas(all_of_schemas, root_schema)
-        return _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(merged, root_schema, name_=name_)
+        return _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
+            merged, root_schema, name_=name_,
+            enrich_descriptions=enrich_descriptions,
+        )
 
     type_ = json_schema.get("type")
 
@@ -760,7 +858,8 @@ def _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
         items_schema = json_schema.get("items")
         if items_schema:
             item_type = _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
-                items_schema, root_schema, name_=name_
+                items_schema, root_schema, name_=name_,
+                enrich_descriptions=enrich_descriptions,
             )
             return list[item_type]  # type: ignore[valid-type]
         return list
@@ -770,7 +869,10 @@ def _json_schema_to_pydantic_type(
             json_schema_ = json_schema.copy()
             if json_schema_.get("title") is None:
                 json_schema_["title"] = name_ or "DynamicModel"
-            return create_model_from_schema(json_schema_, root_schema=root_schema)
+            return create_model_from_schema(
+                json_schema_, root_schema=root_schema,
+                enrich_descriptions=enrich_descriptions,
+            )
         return dict
     if type_ == "null":
         return None

lib/crewai/tests/agents/test_lite_agent.py

@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ def test_agent_kickoff_with_platform_tools(mock_get, mock_post):
 
 
 @patch.dict("os.environ", {"EXA_API_KEY": "test_exa_key"})
-@patch("crewai.agent.Agent._get_external_mcp_tools")
+@patch("crewai.agent.Agent.get_mcp_tools")
 @pytest.mark.vcr()
 def test_agent_kickoff_with_mcp_tools(mock_get_mcp_tools):
     """Test that Agent.kickoff() properly integrates MCP tools with LiteAgent"""
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ def test_agent_kickoff_with_mcp_tools(mock_get_mcp_tools):
     assert result.raw is not None
 
     # Verify MCP tools were retrieved
-    mock_get_mcp_tools.assert_called_once_with("https://mcp.exa.ai/mcp?api_key=test_exa_key&profile=research")
+    mock_get_mcp_tools.assert_called_once_with(["https://mcp.exa.ai/mcp?api_key=test_exa_key&profile=research"])
 
 
 # ============================================================================
@@ -1136,6 +1136,7 @@ def test_lite_agent_memory_instance_recall_and_save_called():
         successful_requests=1,
     )
     mock_memory = Mock()
+    mock_memory._read_only = False
     mock_memory.recall.return_value = []
     mock_memory.extract_memories.return_value = ["Fact one.", "Fact two."]
 

lib/crewai/tests/cassettes/llms/google/test_gemini_crew_structured_output_with_tools.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+interactions:
+- request:
+    body: '{"contents": [{"parts": [{"text": "\nCurrent Task: Calculate 15 + 27 using
+      your add_numbers tool. Report the result.\n\nThis is the expected criteria for
+      your final answer: A structured calculation result\nyou MUST return the actual
+      complete content as the final answer, not a summary.\nFormat your final answer
+      according to the following OpenAPI schema: {\n  \"properties\": {\n    \"operation\":
+      {\n      \"description\": \"The mathematical operation performed\",\n      \"title\":
+      \"Operation\",\n      \"type\": \"string\"\n    },\n    \"result\": {\n      \"description\":
+      \"The result of the calculation\",\n      \"title\": \"Result\",\n      \"type\":
+      \"integer\"\n    },\n    \"explanation\": {\n      \"description\": \"Brief
+      explanation of the calculation\",\n      \"title\": \"Explanation\",\n      \"type\":
+      \"string\"\n    }\n  },\n  \"required\": [\n    \"operation\",\n    \"result\",\n    \"explanation\"\n  ],\n  \"title\":
+      \"CalculationResult\",\n  \"type\": \"object\",\n  \"additionalProperties\":
+      false\n}\n\nIMPORTANT: Preserve the original content exactly as-is. Do NOT rewrite,
+      paraphrase, or modify the meaning of the content. Only structure it to match
+      the schema format.\n\nDo not include the OpenAPI schema in the final output.
+      Ensure the final output does not include any code block markers like ```json
+      or ```python."}], "role": "user"}], "systemInstruction": {"parts": [{"text":
+      "You are Calculator. You are a calculator assistant that uses tools to compute
+      results.\nYour personal goal is: Perform calculations using available tools"}],
+      "role": "user"}, "tools": [{"functionDeclarations": [{"description": "Add two
+      numbers together and return the sum.", "name": "add_numbers", "parameters_json_schema":
+      {"properties": {"a": {"title": "A", "type": "integer"}, "b": {"title": "B",
+      "type": "integer"}}, "required": ["a", "b"], "type": "object", "additionalProperties":
+      false}}, {"description": "Use this tool to provide your final structured response.
+      Call this tool when you have gathered all necessary information and are ready
+      to provide the final answer in the required format.", "name": "structured_output",
+      "parameters_json_schema": {"properties": {"operation": {"description": "The
+      mathematical operation performed", "title": "Operation", "type": "string"},
+      "result": {"description": "The result of the calculation", "title": "Result",
+      "type": "integer"}, "explanation": {"description": "Brief explanation of the
+      calculation", "title": "Explanation", "type": "string"}}, "required": ["operation",
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       feedback if the output is not valid.\\nYour personal goal is: Validate the output
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-      it must be outcome described.\\n\\nI MUST use these formats, my job depends
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@@ -280,8 +136,9 @@ interactions:
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+      - '1568'
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-      Ensure the final output does not include any code block markers like ```json
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@@ -456,22 +175,22 @@ interactions:
       x-stainless-runtime:
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       x-stainless-runtime-version:
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+      - 3.13.12
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+      string: "{\n  \"id\": \"chatcmpl-DDGAO7HbV6K3Iy0lQA058TOzTDoVa\",\n  \"object\":
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         \ \"choices\": [\n    {\n      \"index\": 0,\n      \"message\": {\n        \"role\":
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+        \"default\",\n  \"system_fingerprint\": \"fp_1d6b4c17c3\"\n}\n"
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-      content-length:
-      - '837'
       openai-organization:
       - OPENAI-ORG-XXX
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-      - '413'
+      - '386'
       openai-project:
       - OPENAI-PROJECT-XXX
       openai-version:
       - '2020-10-01'
-      x-envoy-upstream-service-time:
-      - '650'
+      set-cookie:
+      - SET-COOKIE-XXX
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lib/crewai/tests/llms/google/test_google.py

@@ -957,6 +957,47 @@ def test_gemini_agent_kickoff_structured_output_with_tools():
 
 
 
+@pytest.mark.vcr()
+def test_gemini_crew_structured_output_with_tools():
+    """
+    Test that a crew with Gemini can use both tools and output_pydantic on a task.
+    """
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+    from crewai.tools import tool
+
+    class CalculationResult(BaseModel):
+        operation: str = Field(description="The mathematical operation performed")
+        result: int = Field(description="The result of the calculation")
+        explanation: str = Field(description="Brief explanation of the calculation")
+
+    @tool
+    def add_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:
+        """Add two numbers together and return the sum."""
+        return a + b
+
+    agent = Agent(
+        role="Calculator",
+        goal="Perform calculations using available tools",
+        backstory="You are a calculator assistant that uses tools to compute results.",
+        llm=LLM(model="google/gemini-2.0-flash-001"),
+        tools=[add_numbers],
+    )
+
+    task = Task(
+        description="Calculate 15 + 27 using your add_numbers tool. Report the result.",
+        expected_output="A structured calculation result",
+        output_pydantic=CalculationResult,
+        agent=agent,
+    )
+
+    crew = Crew(agents=[agent], tasks=[task])
+    result = crew.kickoff()
+
+    assert result.pydantic is not None, "Expected pydantic output but got None"
+    assert isinstance(result.pydantic, CalculationResult)
+    assert result.pydantic.result == 42, f"Expected 42 but got {result.pydantic.result}"
+
+
 def test_gemini_stop_words_not_applied_to_structured_output():
     """
     Test that stop words are NOT applied when response_model is provided.

lib/crewai/tests/mcp/test_amp_mcp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+"""Tests for AMP MCP config fetching and tool resolution."""
+
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+from crewai.agent.core import Agent
+from crewai.mcp.config import MCPServerHTTP, MCPServerSSE
+from crewai.mcp.tool_resolver import MCPToolResolver
+from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def agent():
+    return Agent(
+        role="Test Agent",
+        goal="Test goal",
+        backstory="Test backstory",
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def resolver(agent):
+    return MCPToolResolver(agent=agent, logger=agent._logger)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_tool_definitions():
+    return [
+        {
+            "name": "search",
+            "description": "Search tool",
+            "inputSchema": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "query": {"type": "string", "description": "Search query"}
+                },
+                "required": ["query"],
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "create_page",
+            "description": "Create a page",
+            "inputSchema": {},
+        },
+    ]
+
+
+class TestBuildMCPConfigFromDict:
+    def test_builds_http_config(self):
+        config_dict = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "url": "https://mcp.example.com/api",
+            "headers": {"Authorization": "Bearer token123"},
+            "streamable": True,
+            "cache_tools_list": False,
+        }
+
+        result = MCPToolResolver._build_mcp_config_from_dict(config_dict)
+
+        assert isinstance(result, MCPServerHTTP)
+        assert result.url == "https://mcp.example.com/api"
+        assert result.headers == {"Authorization": "Bearer token123"}
+        assert result.streamable is True
+        assert result.cache_tools_list is False
+
+    def test_builds_sse_config(self):
+        config_dict = {
+            "type": "sse",
+            "url": "https://mcp.example.com/sse",
+            "headers": {"Authorization": "Bearer token123"},
+            "cache_tools_list": True,
+        }
+
+        result = MCPToolResolver._build_mcp_config_from_dict(config_dict)
+
+        assert isinstance(result, MCPServerSSE)
+        assert result.url == "https://mcp.example.com/sse"
+        assert result.headers == {"Authorization": "Bearer token123"}
+        assert result.cache_tools_list is True
+
+    def test_defaults_to_http(self):
+        config_dict = {
+            "url": "https://mcp.example.com/api",
+        }
+
+        result = MCPToolResolver._build_mcp_config_from_dict(config_dict)
+
+        assert isinstance(result, MCPServerHTTP)
+        assert result.streamable is True
+
+    def test_http_defaults(self):
+        config_dict = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "url": "https://mcp.example.com/api",
+        }
+
+        result = MCPToolResolver._build_mcp_config_from_dict(config_dict)
+
+        assert result.headers is None
+        assert result.streamable is True
+        assert result.cache_tools_list is False
+
+
+class TestFetchAmpMCPConfigs:
+    @patch("crewai.cli.plus_api.PlusAPI")
+    @patch("crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.misc.get_platform_integration_token", return_value="test-api-key")
+    def test_fetches_configs_successfully(self, mock_get_token, mock_plus_api_class, resolver):
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.status_code = 200
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {
+            "configs": {
+                "notion": {
+                    "type": "sse",
+                    "url": "https://mcp.notion.so/sse",
+                    "headers": {"Authorization": "Bearer notion-token"},
+                },
+                "github": {
+                    "type": "http",
+                    "url": "https://mcp.github.com/api",
+                    "headers": {"Authorization": "Bearer gh-token"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+        mock_plus_api = MagicMock()
+        mock_plus_api.get_mcp_configs.return_value = mock_response
+        mock_plus_api_class.return_value = mock_plus_api
+
+        result = resolver._fetch_amp_mcp_configs(["notion", "github"])
+
+        assert "notion" in result
+        assert "github" in result
+        assert result["notion"]["url"] == "https://mcp.notion.so/sse"
+        mock_plus_api_class.assert_called_once_with(api_key="test-api-key")
+        mock_plus_api.get_mcp_configs.assert_called_once_with(["notion", "github"])
+
+    @patch("crewai.cli.plus_api.PlusAPI")
+    @patch("crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.misc.get_platform_integration_token", return_value="test-api-key")
+    def test_omits_missing_slugs(self, mock_get_token, mock_plus_api_class, resolver):
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.status_code = 200
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {
+            "configs": {"notion": {"type": "sse", "url": "https://mcp.notion.so/sse"}},
+        }
+        mock_plus_api = MagicMock()
+        mock_plus_api.get_mcp_configs.return_value = mock_response
+        mock_plus_api_class.return_value = mock_plus_api
+
+        result = resolver._fetch_amp_mcp_configs(["notion", "missing-server"])
+
+        assert "notion" in result
+        assert "missing-server" not in result
+
+    @patch("crewai.cli.plus_api.PlusAPI")
+    @patch("crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.misc.get_platform_integration_token", return_value="test-api-key")
+    def test_returns_empty_on_http_error(self, mock_get_token, mock_plus_api_class, resolver):
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.status_code = 500
+        mock_plus_api = MagicMock()
+        mock_plus_api.get_mcp_configs.return_value = mock_response
+        mock_plus_api_class.return_value = mock_plus_api
+
+        result = resolver._fetch_amp_mcp_configs(["notion"])
+
+        assert result == {}
+
+    @patch("crewai.cli.plus_api.PlusAPI")
+    @patch("crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.misc.get_platform_integration_token", return_value="test-api-key")
+    def test_returns_empty_on_network_error(self, mock_get_token, mock_plus_api_class, resolver):
+        import httpx
+
+        mock_plus_api = MagicMock()
+        mock_plus_api.get_mcp_configs.side_effect = httpx.ConnectError("Connection refused")
+        mock_plus_api_class.return_value = mock_plus_api
+
+        result = resolver._fetch_amp_mcp_configs(["notion"])
+
+        assert result == {}
+
+    @patch("crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.misc.get_platform_integration_token", side_effect=Exception("No token"))
+    def test_returns_empty_when_no_token(self, mock_get_token, resolver):
+        result = resolver._fetch_amp_mcp_configs(["notion"])
+
+        assert result == {}
+
+
+class TestParseAmpRef:
+    def test_bare_slug(self):
+        slug, tool = MCPToolResolver._parse_amp_ref("notion")
+        assert slug == "notion"
+        assert tool is None
+
+    def test_bare_slug_with_tool(self):
+        slug, tool = MCPToolResolver._parse_amp_ref("notion#search")
+        assert slug == "notion"
+        assert tool == "search"
+
+    def test_bare_slug_with_empty_tool(self):
+        slug, tool = MCPToolResolver._parse_amp_ref("notion#")
+        assert slug == "notion"
+        assert tool is None
+
+    def test_legacy_prefix_slug(self):
+        slug, tool = MCPToolResolver._parse_amp_ref("crewai-amp:notion")
+        assert slug == "notion"
+        assert tool is None
+
+    def test_legacy_prefix_with_tool(self):
+        slug, tool = MCPToolResolver._parse_amp_ref("crewai-amp:notion#search")
+        assert slug == "notion"
+        assert tool == "search"
+
+
+class TestGetMCPToolsAmpIntegration:
+    @patch("crewai.mcp.tool_resolver.MCPClient")
+    @patch.object(MCPToolResolver, "_fetch_amp_mcp_configs")
+    def test_single_request_for_multiple_amp_refs(
+        self, mock_fetch, mock_client_class, agent, mock_tool_definitions
+    ):
+        mock_fetch.return_value = {
+            "notion": {
+                "type": "sse",
+                "url": "https://mcp.notion.so/sse",
+                "headers": {"Authorization": "Bearer token"},
+            },
+            "github": {
+                "type": "http",
+                "url": "https://mcp.github.com/api",
+                "headers": {"Authorization": "Bearer gh-token"},
+                "streamable": True,
+            },
+        }
+
+        mock_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client.list_tools = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_tool_definitions)
+        mock_client.connected = False
+        mock_client.connect = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client.disconnect = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client_class.return_value = mock_client
+
+        tools = agent.get_mcp_tools(["notion", "github"])
+
+        mock_fetch.assert_called_once_with(["notion", "github"])
+        assert len(tools) == 4  # 2 tools per server
+
+    @patch("crewai.mcp.tool_resolver.MCPClient")
+    @patch.object(MCPToolResolver, "_fetch_amp_mcp_configs")
+    def test_tool_filter_with_hash_syntax(
+        self, mock_fetch, mock_client_class, agent, mock_tool_definitions
+    ):
+        mock_fetch.return_value = {
+            "notion": {
+                "type": "sse",
+                "url": "https://mcp.notion.so/sse",
+                "headers": {"Authorization": "Bearer token"},
+            },
+        }
+
+        mock_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client.list_tools = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_tool_definitions)
+        mock_client.connected = False
+        mock_client.connect = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client.disconnect = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client_class.return_value = mock_client
+
+        tools = agent.get_mcp_tools(["notion#search"])
+
+        mock_fetch.assert_called_once_with(["notion"])
+        assert len(tools) == 1
+        assert tools[0].name == "mcp_notion_so_sse_search"
+
+    @patch("crewai.mcp.tool_resolver.MCPClient")
+    @patch.object(MCPToolResolver, "_fetch_amp_mcp_configs")
+    def test_deduplicates_slugs(
+        self, mock_fetch, mock_client_class, agent, mock_tool_definitions
+    ):
+        mock_fetch.return_value = {
+            "notion": {
+                "type": "sse",
+                "url": "https://mcp.notion.so/sse",
+                "headers": {"Authorization": "Bearer token"},
+            },
+        }
+
+        mock_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client.list_tools = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_tool_definitions)
+        mock_client.connected = False
+        mock_client.connect = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client.disconnect = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client_class.return_value = mock_client
+
+        tools = agent.get_mcp_tools(["notion#search", "notion#create_page"])
+
+        mock_fetch.assert_called_once_with(["notion"])
+        assert len(tools) == 2
+
+    @patch.object(MCPToolResolver, "_fetch_amp_mcp_configs")
+    def test_skips_missing_configs_gracefully(self, mock_fetch, agent):
+        mock_fetch.return_value = {}
+
+        tools = agent.get_mcp_tools(["missing-server"])
+
+        assert tools == []
+
+    @patch("crewai.mcp.tool_resolver.MCPClient")
+    @patch.object(MCPToolResolver, "_fetch_amp_mcp_configs")
+    def test_legacy_crewai_amp_prefix_still_works(
+        self, mock_fetch, mock_client_class, agent, mock_tool_definitions
+    ):
+        mock_fetch.return_value = {
+            "notion": {
+                "type": "sse",
+                "url": "https://mcp.notion.so/sse",
+                "headers": {"Authorization": "Bearer token"},
+            },
+        }
+
+        mock_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client.list_tools = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_tool_definitions)
+        mock_client.connected = False
+        mock_client.connect = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client.disconnect = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client_class.return_value = mock_client
+
+        tools = agent.get_mcp_tools(["crewai-amp:notion"])
+
+        mock_fetch.assert_called_once_with(["notion"])
+        assert len(tools) == 2
+
+    @patch("crewai.mcp.tool_resolver.MCPClient")
+    @patch.object(MCPToolResolver, "_fetch_amp_mcp_configs")
+    @patch.object(MCPToolResolver, "_resolve_external")
+    def test_non_amp_items_unaffected(
+        self,
+        mock_external,
+        mock_fetch,
+        mock_client_class,
+        agent,
+        mock_tool_definitions,
+    ):
+        mock_fetch.return_value = {
+            "notion": {
+                "type": "sse",
+                "url": "https://mcp.notion.so/sse",
+            },
+        }
+
+        mock_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client.list_tools = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_tool_definitions)
+        mock_client.connected = False
+        mock_client.connect = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client.disconnect = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client_class.return_value = mock_client
+
+        mock_external_tool = MagicMock(spec=BaseTool)
+        mock_external.return_value = [mock_external_tool]
+
+        http_config = MCPServerHTTP(
+            url="https://other.mcp.com/api",
+            headers={"Authorization": "Bearer other"},
+        )
+
+        tools = agent.get_mcp_tools(
+            [
+                "notion",
+                "https://external.mcp.com/api",
+                http_config,
+            ]
+        )
+
+        mock_fetch.assert_called_once_with(["notion"])
+        mock_external.assert_called_once_with("https://external.mcp.com/api")
+        # 2 from notion + 1 from external + 2 from http_config
+        assert len(tools) == 5

lib/crewai/tests/mcp/test_mcp_config.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
-from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from crewai.agent.core import Agent
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def test_agent_with_stdio_mcp_config(mock_tool_definitions):
     )
 
 
-    with patch("crewai.agent.core.MCPClient") as mock_client_class:
+    with patch("crewai.mcp.tool_resolver.MCPClient") as mock_client_class:
         mock_client = AsyncMock()
         mock_client.list_tools = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_tool_definitions)
         mock_client.connected = False  # Will trigger connect
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def test_agent_with_http_mcp_config(mock_tool_definitions):
         mcps=[http_config],
     )
 
-    with patch("crewai.agent.core.MCPClient") as mock_client_class:
+    with patch("crewai.mcp.tool_resolver.MCPClient") as mock_client_class:
         mock_client = AsyncMock()
         mock_client.list_tools = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_tool_definitions)
         mock_client.connected = False  # Will trigger connect
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def test_agent_with_sse_mcp_config(mock_tool_definitions):
         mcps=[sse_config],
     )
 
-    with patch("crewai.agent.core.MCPClient") as mock_client_class:
+    with patch("crewai.mcp.tool_resolver.MCPClient") as mock_client_class:
         mock_client = AsyncMock()
         mock_client.list_tools = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_tool_definitions)
         mock_client.connected = False
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def test_mcp_tool_execution_in_sync_context(mock_tool_definitions):
     """Test MCPNativeTool execution in synchronous context (normal crew execution)."""
     http_config = MCPServerHTTP(url="https://api.example.com/mcp")
 
-    with patch("crewai.agent.core.MCPClient") as mock_client_class:
+    with patch("crewai.mcp.tool_resolver.MCPClient") as mock_client_class:
         mock_client = AsyncMock()
         mock_client.list_tools = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_tool_definitions)
         mock_client.connected = False
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ async def test_mcp_tool_execution_in_async_context(mock_tool_definitions):
     """Test MCPNativeTool execution in async context (e.g., from a Flow)."""
     http_config = MCPServerHTTP(url="https://api.example.com/mcp")
 
-    with patch("crewai.agent.core.MCPClient") as mock_client_class:
+    with patch("crewai.mcp.tool_resolver.MCPClient") as mock_client_class:
         mock_client = AsyncMock()
         mock_client.list_tools = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_tool_definitions)
         mock_client.connected = False

lib/crewai/tests/memory/test_unified_memory.py

@@ -218,14 +218,15 @@ def test_memory_slice_recall(tmp_path: Path, mock_embedder: MagicMock) -> None:
     assert isinstance(matches, list)
 
 
-def test_memory_slice_remember_raises_when_read_only(tmp_path: Path, mock_embedder: MagicMock) -> None:
+def test_memory_slice_remember_is_noop_when_read_only(tmp_path: Path, mock_embedder: MagicMock) -> None:
     from crewai.memory.unified_memory import Memory
     from crewai.memory.memory_scope import MemorySlice
 
     mem = Memory(storage=str(tmp_path / "db7"), llm=MagicMock(), embedder=mock_embedder)
     sl = MemorySlice(mem, ["/a"], read_only=True)
-    with pytest.raises(PermissionError):
-        sl.remember("x", scope="/a")
+    result = sl.remember("x", scope="/a")
+    assert result is None
+    assert mem.list_records() == []
 
 
 # --- Flow memory ---
@@ -318,6 +319,7 @@ def test_executor_save_to_memory_calls_extract_then_remember_per_item() -> None:
     from crewai.agents.parser import AgentFinish
 
     mock_memory = MagicMock()
+    mock_memory._read_only = False
     mock_memory.extract_memories.return_value = ["Fact A.", "Fact B."]
 
     mock_agent = MagicMock()
@@ -358,6 +360,7 @@ def test_executor_save_to_memory_skips_delegation_output() -> None:
     from crewai.utilities.string_utils import sanitize_tool_name
 
     mock_memory = MagicMock()
+    mock_memory._read_only = False
     mock_agent = MagicMock()
     mock_agent.memory = mock_memory
     mock_agent._logger = MagicMock()

lib/crewai/tests/test_task.py

@@ -759,11 +759,11 @@ def test_custom_converter_cls():
 
     crew = Crew(agents=[scorer], tasks=[task])
 
-    with patch.object(
-        ScoreConverter, "to_pydantic", return_value=ScoreOutput(score=5)
-    ) as mock_to_pydantic:
-        crew.kickoff()
-        mock_to_pydantic.assert_called_once()
+    # With native structured output, the LLM returns a BaseModel directly,
+    # so the converter is bypassed. Verify the output is valid instead.
+    result = crew.kickoff()
+    assert isinstance(result.pydantic, ScoreOutput)
+    assert isinstance(result.pydantic.score, int)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.vcr()

lib/crewai/tests/tools/test_base_tool.py

@@ -268,6 +268,13 @@ class TestBaseToolRunValidation:
         result = t.run(code="console.log('hi')", language="javascript")
         assert result == "Executed javascript: console.log('hi')"
 
+    def test_run_with_no_args_raises_validation_error(self) -> None:
+        """Calling run() with no arguments should raise a clear ValueError,
+        not a cryptic TypeError about missing positional arguments (GH-4611)."""
+        t = CodeExecutorTool()
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="validation failed"):
+            t.run()
+
     def test_run_with_missing_required_kwarg_raises(self) -> None:
         """Missing required kwargs should raise ValueError from schema validation."""
         t = CodeExecutorTool()
@@ -378,6 +385,13 @@ class TestBaseToolArunValidation:
         result = await t.arun(code="print('hello')")
         assert result == "Async executed python: print('hello')"
 
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_arun_with_no_args_raises_validation_error(self) -> None:
+        """Calling arun() with no arguments should raise a clear ValueError (GH-4611)."""
+        t = AsyncCodeExecutorTool()
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="validation failed"):
+            await t.arun()
+
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_arun_with_missing_required_kwarg_raises(self) -> None:
         """Missing required kwargs should raise ValueError in arun."""

lib/crewai/tests/utilities/test_agent_utils.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
@@ -235,6 +235,79 @@ def _make_mock_i18n() -> MagicMock:
     }.get(key, "")
     return mock_i18n
 
+class MCPStyleInput(BaseModel):
+    """Input schema mimicking an MCP tool with optional fields."""
+
+    query: str = Field(description="Search query")
+    filter_type: Optional[Literal["internal", "user"]] = Field(
+        default=None, description="Filter type"
+    )
+    page_id: Optional[str] = Field(
+        default=None, description="Page UUID"
+    )
+
+
+class MCPStyleTool(BaseTool):
+    """A tool mimicking MCP tool schemas with optional fields."""
+
+    name: str = "mcp_search"
+    description: str = "Search with optional filters"
+    args_schema: type[BaseModel] = MCPStyleInput
+
+    def _run(self, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
+        return "result"
+
+
+class TestOptionalFieldsPreserveNull:
+    """Tests that optional tool fields preserve null in the schema."""
+
+    def test_optional_string_allows_null(self) -> None:
+        """Optional[str] fields should include null in the schema so the LLM
+        can send null instead of being forced to guess a value."""
+        tools = [MCPStyleTool()]
+        schemas, _ = convert_tools_to_openai_schema(tools)
+
+        params = schemas[0]["function"]["parameters"]
+        page_id_prop = params["properties"]["page_id"]
+
+        assert "anyOf" in page_id_prop
+        type_options = [opt.get("type") for opt in page_id_prop["anyOf"]]
+        assert "string" in type_options
+        assert "null" in type_options
+
+    def test_optional_literal_allows_null(self) -> None:
+        """Optional[Literal[...]] fields should include null."""
+        tools = [MCPStyleTool()]
+        schemas, _ = convert_tools_to_openai_schema(tools)
+
+        params = schemas[0]["function"]["parameters"]
+        filter_prop = params["properties"]["filter_type"]
+
+        assert "anyOf" in filter_prop
+        has_null = any(opt.get("type") == "null" for opt in filter_prop["anyOf"])
+        assert has_null
+
+    def test_required_field_stays_non_null(self) -> None:
+        """Required fields without Optional should NOT have null."""
+        tools = [MCPStyleTool()]
+        schemas, _ = convert_tools_to_openai_schema(tools)
+
+        params = schemas[0]["function"]["parameters"]
+        query_prop = params["properties"]["query"]
+
+        assert query_prop.get("type") == "string"
+        assert "anyOf" not in query_prop
+
+    def test_all_fields_in_required_for_strict_mode(self) -> None:
+        """All fields (including optional) must be in required for strict mode."""
+        tools = [MCPStyleTool()]
+        schemas, _ = convert_tools_to_openai_schema(tools)
+
+        params = schemas[0]["function"]["parameters"]
+        assert "query" in params["required"]
+        assert "filter_type" in params["required"]
+        assert "page_id" in params["required"]
+
 
 class TestSummarizeMessages:
     """Tests for summarize_messages function."""

lib/crewai/tests/utilities/test_pydantic_schema_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,884 @@
+"""Tests for pydantic_schema_utils module.
+
+Covers:
+- create_model_from_schema: type mapping, required/optional, enums, formats,
+  nested objects, arrays, unions, allOf, $ref, model_name, enrich_descriptions
+- Schema transformation helpers: resolve_refs, force_additional_properties_false,
+  strip_unsupported_formats, ensure_type_in_schemas, convert_oneof_to_anyof,
+  ensure_all_properties_required, strip_null_from_types, build_rich_field_description
+- End-to-end MCP tool schema conversion
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+from copy import deepcopy
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+from crewai.utilities.pydantic_schema_utils import (
+    build_rich_field_description,
+    convert_oneof_to_anyof,
+    create_model_from_schema,
+    ensure_all_properties_required,
+    ensure_type_in_schemas,
+    force_additional_properties_false,
+    resolve_refs,
+    strip_null_from_types,
+    strip_unsupported_formats,
+)
+
+
+class TestSimpleTypes:
+    def test_string_field(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"name": {"type": "string"}},
+            "required": ["name"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(name="Alice")
+        assert obj.name == "Alice"
+
+    def test_integer_field(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"count": {"type": "integer"}},
+            "required": ["count"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(count=42)
+        assert obj.count == 42
+
+    def test_number_field(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"score": {"type": "number"}},
+            "required": ["score"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(score=3.14)
+        assert obj.score == pytest.approx(3.14)
+
+    def test_boolean_field(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"active": {"type": "boolean"}},
+            "required": ["active"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        assert Model(active=True).active is True
+
+    def test_null_field(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"value": {"type": "null"}},
+            "required": ["value"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(value=None)
+        assert obj.value is None
+
+
+class TestRequiredOptional:
+    def test_required_field_has_no_default(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"name": {"type": "string"}},
+            "required": ["name"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            Model()
+
+    def test_optional_field_defaults_to_none(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"name": {"type": "string"}},
+            "required": [],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model()
+        assert obj.name is None
+
+    def test_mixed_required_optional(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "id": {"type": "integer"},
+                "label": {"type": "string"},
+            },
+            "required": ["id"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(id=1)
+        assert obj.id == 1
+        assert obj.label is None
+
+
+class TestEnumLiteral:
+    def test_string_enum(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "color": {"type": "string", "enum": ["red", "green", "blue"]},
+            },
+            "required": ["color"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(color="red")
+        assert obj.color == "red"
+
+    def test_string_enum_rejects_invalid(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "color": {"type": "string", "enum": ["red", "green", "blue"]},
+            },
+            "required": ["color"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            Model(color="yellow")
+
+    def test_const_value(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "kind": {"const": "fixed"},
+            },
+            "required": ["kind"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(kind="fixed")
+        assert obj.kind == "fixed"
+
+
+class TestFormatMapping:
+    def test_date_format(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "birthday": {"type": "string", "format": "date"},
+            },
+            "required": ["birthday"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(birthday=datetime.date(2000, 1, 15))
+        assert obj.birthday == datetime.date(2000, 1, 15)
+
+    def test_datetime_format(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "created_at": {"type": "string", "format": "date-time"},
+            },
+            "required": ["created_at"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        dt = datetime.datetime(2025, 6, 1, 12, 0, 0)
+        obj = Model(created_at=dt)
+        assert obj.created_at == dt
+
+    def test_time_format(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "alarm": {"type": "string", "format": "time"},
+            },
+            "required": ["alarm"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        t = datetime.time(8, 30)
+        obj = Model(alarm=t)
+        assert obj.alarm == t
+
+
+class TestNestedObjects:
+    def test_nested_object_creates_model(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "address": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "street": {"type": "string"},
+                        "city": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "required": ["street", "city"],
+                },
+            },
+            "required": ["address"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(address={"street": "123 Main", "city": "Springfield"})
+        assert obj.address.street == "123 Main"
+        assert obj.address.city == "Springfield"
+
+    def test_object_without_properties_returns_dict(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "metadata": {"type": "object"},
+            },
+            "required": ["metadata"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(metadata={"key": "value"})
+        assert obj.metadata == {"key": "value"}
+
+
+class TestTypedArrays:
+    def test_array_of_strings(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "tags": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
+            },
+            "required": ["tags"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(tags=["a", "b", "c"])
+        assert obj.tags == ["a", "b", "c"]
+
+    def test_array_of_objects(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "items": {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "items": {
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "properties": {"id": {"type": "integer"}},
+                        "required": ["id"],
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            "required": ["items"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(items=[{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}])
+        assert len(obj.items) == 2
+        assert obj.items[0].id == 1
+
+    def test_untyped_array(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"data": {"type": "array"}},
+            "required": ["data"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(data=[1, "two", 3.0])
+        assert obj.data == [1, "two", 3.0]
+
+
+class TestUnionTypes:
+    def test_anyof_string_or_integer(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "value": {
+                    "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}],
+                },
+            },
+            "required": ["value"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        assert Model(value="hello").value == "hello"
+        assert Model(value=42).value == 42
+
+    def test_oneof(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "value": {
+                    "oneOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "number"}],
+                },
+            },
+            "required": ["value"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        assert Model(value="hello").value == "hello"
+        assert Model(value=3.14).value == pytest.approx(3.14)
+
+
+class TestAllOfMerging:
+    def test_allof_merges_properties(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "allOf": [
+                {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {"name": {"type": "string"}},
+                    "required": ["name"],
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {"age": {"type": "integer"}},
+                    "required": ["age"],
+                },
+            ],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(name="Alice", age=30)
+        assert obj.name == "Alice"
+        assert obj.age == 30
+
+    def test_single_allof(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "item": {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "object",
+                            "properties": {"id": {"type": "integer"}},
+                            "required": ["id"],
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            },
+            "required": ["item"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(item={"id": 1})
+        assert obj.item.id == 1
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# $ref resolution
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestRefResolution:
+    def test_ref_in_property(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "item": {"$ref": "#/$defs/Item"},
+            },
+            "required": ["item"],
+            "$defs": {
+                "Item": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "title": "Item",
+                    "properties": {"name": {"type": "string"}},
+                    "required": ["name"],
+                },
+            },
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model(item={"name": "Widget"})
+        assert obj.item.name == "Widget"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# model_name parameter
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestModelName:
+    def test_model_name_override(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "title": "OriginalName",
+            "properties": {"x": {"type": "integer"}},
+            "required": ["x"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema, model_name="CustomSchema")
+        assert Model.__name__ == "CustomSchema"
+
+    def test_model_name_fallback_to_title(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "title": "FromTitle",
+            "properties": {"x": {"type": "integer"}},
+            "required": ["x"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        assert Model.__name__ == "FromTitle"
+
+    def test_model_name_fallback_to_dynamic(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"x": {"type": "integer"}},
+            "required": ["x"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        assert Model.__name__ == "DynamicModel"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# enrich_descriptions
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestEnrichDescriptions:
+    def test_enriched_description_includes_constraints(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "score": {
+                    "type": "integer",
+                    "description": "The score value",
+                    "minimum": 0,
+                    "maximum": 100,
+                },
+            },
+            "required": ["score"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema, enrich_descriptions=True)
+        field_info = Model.model_fields["score"]
+        assert "Minimum: 0" in field_info.description
+        assert "Maximum: 100" in field_info.description
+        assert "The score value" in field_info.description
+
+    def test_default_does_not_enrich(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "score": {
+                    "type": "integer",
+                    "description": "The score value",
+                    "minimum": 0,
+                },
+            },
+            "required": ["score"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema, enrich_descriptions=False)
+        field_info = Model.model_fields["score"]
+        assert field_info.description == "The score value"
+
+    def test_enriched_description_propagates_to_nested(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "config": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "level": {
+                            "type": "integer",
+                            "description": "Level",
+                            "minimum": 1,
+                            "maximum": 10,
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "required": ["level"],
+                },
+            },
+            "required": ["config"],
+        }
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema, enrich_descriptions=True)
+        nested_model = Model.model_fields["config"].annotation
+        nested_field = nested_model.model_fields["level"]
+        assert "Minimum: 1" in nested_field.description
+        assert "Maximum: 10" in nested_field.description
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Edge cases
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestEdgeCases:
+    def test_empty_properties(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"type": "object", "properties": {}, "required": []}
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model()
+        assert obj is not None
+
+    def test_no_properties_key(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"type": "object"}
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(schema)
+        obj = Model()
+        assert obj is not None
+
+    def test_unknown_type_raises(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "weird": {"type": "hyperspace"},
+            },
+            "required": ["weird"],
+        }
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported JSON schema type"):
+            create_model_from_schema(schema)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# build_rich_field_description
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestBuildRichFieldDescription:
+    def test_description_only(self) -> None:
+        assert build_rich_field_description({"description": "A name"}) == "A name"
+
+    def test_empty_schema(self) -> None:
+        assert build_rich_field_description({}) == ""
+
+    def test_format(self) -> None:
+        desc = build_rich_field_description({"format": "date-time"})
+        assert "Format: date-time" in desc
+
+    def test_enum(self) -> None:
+        desc = build_rich_field_description({"enum": ["a", "b"]})
+        assert "Allowed values:" in desc
+        assert "'a'" in desc
+        assert "'b'" in desc
+
+    def test_pattern(self) -> None:
+        desc = build_rich_field_description({"pattern": "^[a-z]+$"})
+        assert "Pattern: ^[a-z]+$" in desc
+
+    def test_min_max(self) -> None:
+        desc = build_rich_field_description({"minimum": 0, "maximum": 100})
+        assert "Minimum: 0" in desc
+        assert "Maximum: 100" in desc
+
+    def test_min_max_length(self) -> None:
+        desc = build_rich_field_description({"minLength": 1, "maxLength": 255})
+        assert "Min length: 1" in desc
+        assert "Max length: 255" in desc
+
+    def test_examples(self) -> None:
+        desc = build_rich_field_description({"examples": ["foo", "bar", "baz", "extra"]})
+        assert "Examples:" in desc
+        assert "'foo'" in desc
+        assert "'baz'" in desc
+        # Only first 3 shown
+        assert "'extra'" not in desc
+
+    def test_combined_constraints(self) -> None:
+        desc = build_rich_field_description({
+            "description": "A score",
+            "minimum": 0,
+            "maximum": 10,
+            "format": "int32",
+        })
+        assert desc.startswith("A score")
+        assert "Minimum: 0" in desc
+        assert "Maximum: 10" in desc
+        assert "Format: int32" in desc
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Schema transformation functions
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestResolveRefs:
+    def test_basic_ref_resolution(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"item": {"$ref": "#/$defs/Item"}},
+            "$defs": {
+                "Item": {"type": "object", "properties": {"id": {"type": "integer"}}},
+            },
+        }
+        resolved = resolve_refs(schema)
+        assert "$ref" not in resolved["properties"]["item"]
+        assert resolved["properties"]["item"]["type"] == "object"
+
+    def test_nested_ref_resolution(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"wrapper": {"$ref": "#/$defs/Wrapper"}},
+            "$defs": {
+                "Wrapper": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {"inner": {"$ref": "#/$defs/Inner"}},
+                },
+                "Inner": {"type": "string"},
+            },
+        }
+        resolved = resolve_refs(schema)
+        wrapper = resolved["properties"]["wrapper"]
+        assert wrapper["properties"]["inner"]["type"] == "string"
+
+    def test_missing_ref_raises(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "properties": {"x": {"$ref": "#/$defs/Missing"}},
+            "$defs": {},
+        }
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="Missing"):
+            resolve_refs(schema)
+
+    def test_no_refs_unchanged(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"name": {"type": "string"}},
+        }
+        resolved = resolve_refs(schema)
+        assert resolved == schema
+
+
+class TestForceAdditionalPropertiesFalse:
+    def test_adds_to_object(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"type": "object", "properties": {"x": {"type": "integer"}}}
+        result = force_additional_properties_false(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert result["additionalProperties"] is False
+
+    def test_adds_empty_properties_and_required(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"type": "object"}
+        result = force_additional_properties_false(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert result["properties"] == {}
+        assert result["required"] == []
+
+    def test_recursive_nested_objects(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "child": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {"id": {"type": "integer"}},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+        result = force_additional_properties_false(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert result["additionalProperties"] is False
+        assert result["properties"]["child"]["additionalProperties"] is False
+
+    def test_does_not_affect_non_objects(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"type": "string"}
+        result = force_additional_properties_false(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert "additionalProperties" not in result
+
+
+class TestStripUnsupportedFormats:
+    def test_removes_email_format(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"type": "string", "format": "email"}
+        result = strip_unsupported_formats(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert "format" not in result
+
+    def test_keeps_date_time(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"type": "string", "format": "date-time"}
+        result = strip_unsupported_formats(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert result["format"] == "date-time"
+
+    def test_keeps_date(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"type": "string", "format": "date"}
+        result = strip_unsupported_formats(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert result["format"] == "date"
+
+    def test_removes_uri_format(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"type": "string", "format": "uri"}
+        result = strip_unsupported_formats(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert "format" not in result
+
+    def test_recursive(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "email": {"type": "string", "format": "email"},
+                "created": {"type": "string", "format": "date-time"},
+            },
+        }
+        result = strip_unsupported_formats(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert "format" not in result["properties"]["email"]
+        assert result["properties"]["created"]["format"] == "date-time"
+
+
+class TestEnsureTypeInSchemas:
+    def test_empty_schema_in_anyof_gets_type(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"anyOf": [{}, {"type": "string"}]}
+        result = ensure_type_in_schemas(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert result["anyOf"][0] == {"type": "object"}
+
+    def test_empty_schema_in_oneof_gets_type(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"oneOf": [{}, {"type": "integer"}]}
+        result = ensure_type_in_schemas(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert result["oneOf"][0] == {"type": "object"}
+
+    def test_non_empty_unchanged(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]}
+        result = ensure_type_in_schemas(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert result == schema
+
+
+class TestConvertOneofToAnyof:
+    def test_converts_top_level(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"oneOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]}
+        result = convert_oneof_to_anyof(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert "oneOf" not in result
+        assert "anyOf" in result
+        assert len(result["anyOf"]) == 2
+
+    def test_converts_nested(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "value": {"oneOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "number"}]},
+            },
+        }
+        result = convert_oneof_to_anyof(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert "anyOf" in result["properties"]["value"]
+        assert "oneOf" not in result["properties"]["value"]
+
+
+class TestEnsureAllPropertiesRequired:
+    def test_makes_all_required(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"a": {"type": "string"}, "b": {"type": "integer"}},
+            "required": ["a"],
+        }
+        result = ensure_all_properties_required(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert set(result["required"]) == {"a", "b"}
+
+    def test_recursive(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "child": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {"x": {"type": "integer"}, "y": {"type": "integer"}},
+                    "required": [],
+                },
+            },
+        }
+        result = ensure_all_properties_required(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert set(result["properties"]["child"]["required"]) == {"x", "y"}
+
+
+class TestStripNullFromTypes:
+    def test_strips_null_from_anyof(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+        }
+        result = strip_null_from_types(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert "anyOf" not in result
+        assert result["type"] == "string"
+
+    def test_strips_null_from_type_array(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"type": ["string", "null"]}
+        result = strip_null_from_types(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert result["type"] == "string"
+
+    def test_multiple_non_null_in_anyof(self) -> None:
+        schema = {
+            "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}, {"type": "null"}],
+        }
+        result = strip_null_from_types(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert len(result["anyOf"]) == 2
+
+    def test_no_null_unchanged(self) -> None:
+        schema = {"type": "string"}
+        result = strip_null_from_types(deepcopy(schema))
+        assert result == schema
+
+
+class TestEndToEndMCPSchema:
+    """Realistic MCP tool schema exercising multiple features simultaneously."""
+
+    MCP_SCHEMA: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+            "query": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "description": "Search query",
+                "minLength": 1,
+                "maxLength": 500,
+            },
+            "max_results": {
+                "type": "integer",
+                "description": "Maximum results",
+                "minimum": 1,
+                "maximum": 100,
+            },
+            "format": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": ["json", "csv", "xml"],
+                "description": "Output format",
+            },
+            "filters": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "date_from": {"type": "string", "format": "date"},
+                    "date_to": {"type": "string", "format": "date"},
+                    "categories": {
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                },
+                "required": ["date_from"],
+            },
+            "sort_order": {
+                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],
+            },
+        },
+        "required": ["query", "format", "filters"],
+    }
+
+    def test_model_creation(self) -> None:
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(self.MCP_SCHEMA)
+        assert Model is not None
+        assert issubclass(Model, BaseModel)
+
+    def test_valid_input_accepted(self) -> None:
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(self.MCP_SCHEMA)
+        obj = Model(
+            query="test search",
+            format="json",
+            filters={"date_from": "2025-01-01"},
+        )
+        assert obj.query == "test search"
+        assert obj.format == "json"
+
+    def test_invalid_enum_rejected(self) -> None:
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(self.MCP_SCHEMA)
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            Model(
+                query="test",
+                format="yaml",
+                filters={"date_from": "2025-01-01"},
+            )
+
+    def test_model_name_for_mcp_tool(self) -> None:
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(
+            self.MCP_SCHEMA, model_name="search_toolSchema"
+        )
+        assert Model.__name__ == "search_toolSchema"
+
+    def test_enriched_descriptions_for_mcp(self) -> None:
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(
+            self.MCP_SCHEMA, enrich_descriptions=True
+        )
+        query_field = Model.model_fields["query"]
+        assert "Min length: 1" in query_field.description
+        assert "Max length: 500" in query_field.description
+
+        max_results_field = Model.model_fields["max_results"]
+        assert "Minimum: 1" in max_results_field.description
+        assert "Maximum: 100" in max_results_field.description
+
+        format_field = Model.model_fields["format"]
+        assert "Allowed values:" in format_field.description
+
+    def test_optional_fields_accept_none(self) -> None:
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(self.MCP_SCHEMA)
+        obj = Model(
+            query="test",
+            format="csv",
+            filters={"date_from": "2025-01-01"},
+            max_results=None,
+            sort_order=None,
+        )
+        assert obj.max_results is None
+        assert obj.sort_order is None
+
+    def test_nested_filters_validated(self) -> None:
+        Model = create_model_from_schema(self.MCP_SCHEMA)
+        obj = Model(
+            query="test",
+            format="xml",
+            filters={
+                "date_from": "2025-01-01",
+                "date_to": "2025-12-31",
+                "categories": ["news", "tech"],
+            },
+        )
+        assert obj.filters.date_from == datetime.date(2025, 1, 1)
+        assert obj.filters.categories == ["news", "tech"]

lib/devtools/src/crewai_devtools/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 """CrewAI development tools."""
 
-__version__ = "1.9.3"
+__version__ = "1.10.1a1"

lib/devtools/src/crewai_devtools/cli.py

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ def add_docs_version(docs_json_path: Path, version: str) -> bool:
 
     Args:
         docs_json_path: Path to docs/docs.json.
-        version: Version string (e.g., "1.10.0").
+        version: Version string (e.g., "1.10.1b1").
 
     Returns:
         True if docs.json was updated, False otherwise.
@@ -943,6 +943,8 @@ def tag(dry_run: bool, no_edit: bool) -> None:
                     )
 
             if docs_files_staged:
+                docs_branch = f"docs/changelog-v{version}"
+                run_command(["git", "checkout", "-b", docs_branch])
                 for f in docs_files_staged:
                     run_command(["git", "add", f])
                 run_command(
@@ -954,8 +956,69 @@ def tag(dry_run: bool, no_edit: bool) -> None:
                     ]
                 )
                 console.print("[green]✓[/green] Committed docs updates")
-                run_command(["git", "push"])
-                console.print("[green]✓[/green] Pushed docs updates")
+
+                run_command(["git", "push", "-u", "origin", docs_branch])
+                console.print(f"[green]✓[/green] Pushed branch {docs_branch}")
+
+                run_command(
+                    [
+                        "gh",
+                        "pr",
+                        "create",
+                        "--base",
+                        "main",
+                        "--title",
+                        f"docs: update changelog and version for v{version}",
+                        "--body",
+                        "",
+                    ]
+                )
+                console.print("[green]✓[/green] Created docs PR")
+
+                run_command(
+                    [
+                        "gh",
+                        "pr",
+                        "merge",
+                        docs_branch,
+                        "--squash",
+                        "--auto",
+                        "--delete-branch",
+                    ]
+                )
+                console.print("[green]✓[/green] Enabled auto-merge on docs PR")
+
+                import time
+
+                console.print("[cyan]Waiting for PR checks to pass and merge...[/cyan]")
+                while True:
+                    time.sleep(10)
+                    try:
+                        state = run_command(
+                            [
+                                "gh",
+                                "pr",
+                                "view",
+                                docs_branch,
+                                "--json",
+                                "state",
+                                "--jq",
+                                ".state",
+                            ]
+                        )
+                    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+                        state = ""
+
+                    if state == "MERGED":
+                        break
+
+                    console.print("[dim]Still waiting for PR to merge...[/dim]")
+
+                console.print("[green]✓[/green] Docs PR merged")
+
+                run_command(["git", "checkout", "main"])
+                run_command(["git", "pull"])
+                console.print("[green]✓[/green] main branch updated with docs changes")
         else:
             for lang in changelog_langs:
                 cl_path = cwd / "docs" / lang / "changelog.mdx"
@@ -971,6 +1034,9 @@ def tag(dry_run: bool, no_edit: bool) -> None:
                 console.print(
                     "[dim][DRY RUN][/dim] Skipping docs version (pre-release)"
                 )
+            console.print(
+                f"[dim][DRY RUN][/dim] Would create branch docs/changelog-v{version}, PR, and merge"
+            )
 
         if not dry_run:
             with console.status(f"[cyan]Creating tag {tag_name}..."):

uv.lock

@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "json-repair", specifier = "~=0.25.2" },
     { name = "json5", specifier = "~=0.10.0" },
     { name = "jsonref", specifier = "~=1.1.0" },
-    { name = "lancedb", specifier = ">=0.4.0" },
+    { name = "lancedb", specifier = ">=0.29.2" },
     { name = "litellm", marker = "extra == 'litellm'", specifier = ">=1.74.9,<3" },
     { name = "mcp", specifier = "~=1.26.0" },
     { name = "mem0ai", marker = "extra == 'mem0'", specifier = "~=0.1.94" },
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