Merge branch 'main' into devin/1773669058-fix-trained-agents-data-file

Accept CheckpointConfig on Crew and Flow kickoff/kickoff_async/akickoff.
When restore_from is set, the entity resumes from that checkpoint.
When only config fields are set, checkpointing is enabled for the run.
Adds restore_from field (Path | str | None) to CheckpointConfig.

.github/workflows/linter.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,24 @@ permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
-  lint:
+  changes:
+    name: Detect changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      code: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.code }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+        id: filter
+        with:
+          filters: |
+            code:
+              - '!docs/**'
+              - '!**/*.md'
+
+  lint-run:
+    needs: changes
+    if: needs.changes.outputs.code == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -48,3 +65,23 @@ jobs:
             ~/.local/share/uv
             .venv
           key: uv-main-py3.11-${{ hashFiles('uv.lock') }}
+
+  # Summary job to provide single status for branch protection
+  lint:
+    name: lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [changes, lint-run]
+    if: always()
+    steps:
+      - name: Check results
+        run: |
+          if [ "${{ needs.changes.outputs.code }}" != "true" ]; then
+            echo "Docs-only change, skipping lint"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          if [ "${{ needs.lint-run.result }}" == "success" ]; then
+            echo "Lint passed"
+          else
+            echo "Lint failed"
+            exit 1
+          fi

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -6,8 +6,25 @@ permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
-  tests:
+  changes:
+    name: Detect changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      code: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.code }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+        id: filter
+        with:
+          filters: |
+            code:
+              - '!docs/**'
+              - '!**/*.md'
+
+  tests-matrix:
     name: tests (${{ matrix.python-version }})
+    needs: changes
+    if: needs.changes.outputs.code == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 15
     strategy:
@@ -98,3 +115,23 @@ jobs:
             ~/.local/share/uv
             .venv
           key: uv-main-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('uv.lock') }}
+
+  # Summary job to provide single status for branch protection
+  tests:
+    name: tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [changes, tests-matrix]
+    if: always()
+    steps:
+      - name: Check results
+        run: |
+          if [ "${{ needs.changes.outputs.code }}" != "true" ]; then
+            echo "Docs-only change, skipping tests"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          if [ "${{ needs.tests-matrix.result }}" == "success" ]; then
+            echo "All tests passed"
+          else
+            echo "Tests failed"
+            exit 1
+          fi

.github/workflows/type-checker.yml

@@ -6,8 +6,25 @@ permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
+  changes:
+    name: Detect changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      code: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.code }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+        id: filter
+        with:
+          filters: |
+            code:
+              - '!docs/**'
+              - '!**/*.md'
+
   type-checker-matrix:
     name: type-checker (${{ matrix.python-version }})
+    needs: changes
+    if: needs.changes.outputs.code == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
@@ -57,14 +74,18 @@ jobs:
   type-checker:
     name: type-checker
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: type-checker-matrix
+    needs: [changes, type-checker-matrix]
     if: always()
     steps:
-      - name: Check matrix results
+      - name: Check results
         run: |
-          if [ "${{ needs.type-checker-matrix.result }}" == "success" ] || [ "${{ needs.type-checker-matrix.result }}" == "skipped" ]; then
-            echo "✅ All type checks passed"
+          if [ "${{ needs.changes.outputs.code }}" != "true" ]; then
+            echo "Docs-only change, skipping type checks"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          if [ "${{ needs.type-checker-matrix.result }}" == "success" ]; then
+            echo "All type checks passed"
           else
-            echo "❌ Type checks failed"
+            echo "Type checks failed"
             exit 1
           fi

docs/ar/changelog.mdx

@@ -4,6 +4,62 @@ description: "تحديثات المنتج والتحسينات وإصلاحات
 icon: "clock"
 mode: "wide"
 ---
+<Update label="9 أبريل 2026">
+  ## v1.14.2a1
+
+  [عرض الإصدار على GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.2a1)
+
+  ## ما الذي تغير
+
+  ### إصلاحات الأخطاء
+  - إصلاح إصدار حدث flow_finished بعد استئناف HITL
+  - إصلاح إصدار التشفير إلى 46.0.7 لمعالجة CVE-2026-39892
+
+  ### إعادة هيكلة
+  - إعادة هيكلة لاستخدام I18N_DEFAULT المشترك
+
+  ### الوثائق
+  - تحديث سجل التغييرات والإصدار لـ v1.14.1
+
+  ## المساهمون
+
+  @greysonlalonde
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="9 أبريل 2026">
+  ## v1.14.1
+
+  [عرض الإصدار على GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.1)
+
+  ## ما الذي تغير
+
+  ### الميزات
+  - إضافة متصفح TUI لنقاط التفتيش غير المتزامنة
+  - إضافة دالة aclose()/close() ومدير سياق غير متزامن لمخرجات البث
+
+  ### إصلاحات الأخطاء
+  - إصلاح التعبير النمطي لزيادة إصدار pyproject.toml
+  - تنظيف أسماء الأدوات في مرشحات زخرفة الخطاف
+  - إصلاح تسجيل معالجات نقاط التفتيش عند إنشاء CheckpointConfig
+  - رفع إصدار transformers إلى 5.5.0 لحل CVE-2026-1839
+  - إزالة غلاف FilteredStream لـ stdout/stderr
+
+  ### الوثائق
+  - تحديث سجل التغييرات والإصدار لـ v1.14.1rc1
+
+  ### إعادة الهيكلة
+  - استبدال القائمة المحظورة الثابتة باستبعاد حقل BaseTool الديناميكي في توليد المواصفات
+  - استبدال التعبير النمطي بـ tomlkit في واجهة سطر أوامر أدوات التطوير
+  - استخدام كائن PRINTER المشترك
+  - جعل BaseProvider نموذجاً أساسياً مع مميز نوع المزود
+
+  ## المساهمون
+
+  @greysonlalonde, @iris-clawd, @joaomdmoura, @lorenzejay
+
+</Update>
+
 <Update label="9 أبريل 2026">
   ## v1.14.1rc1
 

docs/ar/skills.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: Skills
+description: ثبّت crewaiinc/skills من السجل الرسمي على skills.sh—Flows وCrews ووكلاء مرتبطون بالوثائق لـ Claude Code وCursor وCodex وغيرها.
+icon: wand-magic-sparkles
+mode: "wide"
+---
+
+# Skills
+
+**امنح وكيل البرمجة سياق CrewAI في أمر واحد.**
+
+تُنشر **Skills** الخاصة بـ CrewAI على **[skills.sh/crewaiinc/skills](https://skills.sh/crewaiinc/skills)**—السجل الرسمي لـ `crewaiinc/skills`، بما في ذلك كل مهارة (مثل **design-agent** و**getting-started** و**design-task** و**ask-docs**) وإحصاءات التثبيت والتدقيقات. تعلّم وكلاء البرمجة—مثل Claude Code وCursor وCodex—هيكلة Flows وضبط Crews واستخدام الأدوات واتباع أنماط CrewAI. نفّذ الأمر أدناه (أو الصقه في الوكيل).
+
+```shell Terminal
+npx skills add crewaiinc/skills
+```
+
+يضيف ذلك حزمة المهارات إلى سير عمل الوكيل لتطبيق اتفاقيات CrewAI دون إعادة شرح الإطار في كل جلسة. المصدر والقضايا على [GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/skills).
+
+## ما يحصل عليه الوكيل
+
+- **Flows** — تطبيقات ذات حالة وخطوات وkickoffs للـ crew على نمط CrewAI
+- **Crews والوكلاء** — أنماط YAML أولاً، أدوار، مهام، وتفويض
+- **الأدوات والتكاملات** — ربط الوكلاء بالبحث وواجهات API وأدوات CrewAI الشائعة
+- **هيكل المشروع** — مواءمة مع قوالب CLI واتفاقيات المستودع
+- **أنماط محدثة** — تتبع المهارات وثائق CrewAI والممارسات الموصى بها
+
+## تعرّف أكثر على هذا الموقع
+
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card title="أدوات البرمجة و AGENTS.md" icon="terminal" href="/ar/guides/coding-tools/agents-md">
+    استخدام `AGENTS.md` وسير عمل وكلاء البرمجة مع CrewAI.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="البداية السريعة" icon="rocket" href="/ar/quickstart">
+    ابنِ أول Flow وcrew من البداية للنهاية.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="التثبيت" icon="download" href="/ar/installation">
+    ثبّت CrewAI CLI وحزمة Python.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="سجل Skills (skills.sh)" icon="globe" href="https://skills.sh/crewaiinc/skills">
+    القائمة الرسمية لـ `crewaiinc/skills`—المهارات والتثبيتات والتدقيقات.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="المصدر على GitHub" icon="code-branch" href="https://github.com/crewAIInc/skills">
+    مصدر الحزمة والتحديثات والقضايا.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+### فيديو: CrewAI مع مهارات وكلاء البرمجة
+
+<iframe src="https://www.loom.com/embed/befb9f68b81f42ad8112bfdd95a780af" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen style={{ width: "100%", height: "400px" }} />

docs/ar/tools/database-data/nl2sqltool.mdx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ mode: "wide"
 
 يتيح ذلك سير عمل متعددة مثل أن يقوم وكيل بالوصول إلى قاعدة البيانات واسترجاع المعلومات بناءً على الهدف ثم استخدام تلك المعلومات لتوليد استجابة أو تقرير أو أي مخرجات أخرى. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يوفر القدرة للوكيل على تحديث قاعدة البيانات بناءً على هدفه.
 
-**تنبيه**: تأكد من أن الوكيل لديه وصول إلى نسخة قراءة فقط أو أنه من المقبول أن يقوم الوكيل بتنفيذ استعلامات إدراج/تحديث على قاعدة البيانات.
+**تنبيه**: الأداة للقراءة فقط بشكل افتراضي (SELECT/SHOW/DESCRIBE/EXPLAIN فقط). تتطلب عمليات الكتابة تمرير `allow_dml=True` أو ضبط متغير البيئة `CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true`. عند تفعيل الكتابة، تأكد من أن الوكيل يستخدم مستخدم قاعدة بيانات محدود الصلاحيات أو نسخة قراءة كلما أمكن.
 
 ## نموذج الأمان
 
@@ -36,6 +36,74 @@ mode: "wide"
 - أضف خطافات `before_tool_call` لفرض أنماط الاستعلام المسموح بها
 - فعّل تسجيل الاستعلامات والتنبيهات للعبارات التدميرية
 
+## وضع القراءة فقط وتهيئة DML
+
+تعمل `NL2SQLTool` في **وضع القراءة فقط بشكل افتراضي**. لا يُسمح إلا بأنواع العبارات التالية دون تهيئة إضافية:
+
+- `SELECT`
+- `SHOW`
+- `DESCRIBE`
+- `EXPLAIN`
+
+أي محاولة لتنفيذ عملية كتابة (`INSERT`، `UPDATE`، `DELETE`، `DROP`، `CREATE`، `ALTER`، `TRUNCATE`، إلخ) ستُسبب خطأً ما لم يتم تفعيل DML صراحةً.
+
+كما تُحظر الاستعلامات متعددة العبارات التي تحتوي على فاصلة منقوطة (مثل `SELECT 1; DROP TABLE users`) في وضع القراءة فقط لمنع هجمات الحقن.
+
+### تفعيل عمليات الكتابة
+
+يمكنك تفعيل DML (لغة معالجة البيانات) بطريقتين:
+
+**الخيار الأول — معامل المُنشئ:**
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(
+    db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db",
+    allow_dml=True,
+)
+```
+
+**الخيار الثاني — متغير البيئة:**
+
+```bash
+CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true
+```
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+# DML مفعّل عبر متغير البيئة
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db")
+```
+
+### أمثلة الاستخدام
+
+**القراءة فقط (الافتراضي) — آمن للتحليلات والتقارير:**
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+# يُسمح فقط بـ SELECT/SHOW/DESCRIBE/EXPLAIN
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db")
+```
+
+**مع تفعيل DML — مطلوب لأعباء عمل الكتابة:**
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+# يُسمح بـ INSERT وUPDATE وDELETE وDROP وغيرها
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(
+    db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db",
+    allow_dml=True,
+)
+```
+
+<Warning>
+يمنح تفعيل DML للوكيل القدرة على تعديل البيانات أو حذفها. لا تفعّله إلا عندما يتطلب حالة الاستخدام صراحةً وصولاً للكتابة، وتأكد من أن بيانات اعتماد قاعدة البيانات محدودة بالحد الأدنى من الصلاحيات المطلوبة.
+</Warning>
+
 ## المتطلبات
 
 - SqlAlchemy

docs/en/changelog.mdx

@@ -4,6 +4,62 @@ description: "Product updates, improvements, and bug fixes for CrewAI"
 icon: "clock"
 mode: "wide"
 ---
+<Update label="Apr 09, 2026">
+  ## v1.14.2a1
+
+  [View release on GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.2a1)
+
+  ## What's Changed
+
+  ### Bug Fixes
+  - Fix emission of flow_finished event after HITL resume
+  - Fix cryptography version to 46.0.7 to address CVE-2026-39892
+
+  ### Refactoring
+  - Refactor to use shared I18N_DEFAULT singleton
+
+  ### Documentation
+  - Update changelog and version for v1.14.1
+
+  ## Contributors
+
+  @greysonlalonde
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="Apr 09, 2026">
+  ## v1.14.1
+
+  [View release on GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.1)
+
+  ## What's Changed
+
+  ### Features
+  - Add async checkpoint TUI browser
+  - Add aclose()/close() and async context manager to streaming outputs
+
+  ### Bug Fixes
+  - Fix regex for template pyproject.toml version bumps
+  - Sanitize tool names in hook decorator filters
+  - Fix checkpoint handlers registration when CheckpointConfig is created
+  - Bump transformers to 5.5.0 to resolve CVE-2026-1839
+  - Remove FilteredStream stdout/stderr wrapper
+
+  ### Documentation
+  - Update changelog and version for v1.14.1rc1
+
+  ### Refactoring
+  - Replace hardcoded denylist with dynamic BaseTool field exclusion in spec gen
+  - Replace regex with tomlkit in devtools CLI
+  - Use shared PRINTER singleton
+  - Make BaseProvider a BaseModel with provider_type discriminator
+
+  ## Contributors
+
+  @greysonlalonde, @iris-clawd, @joaomdmoura, @lorenzejay
+
+</Update>
+
 <Update label="Apr 09, 2026">
   ## v1.14.1rc1
 

docs/en/enterprise/guides/organization-management.mdx

@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
----
-title: "Organization Management"
-description: "Learn how to manage organizations via the CrewAI CLI — list, switch, and verify your active org before publishing or deploying."
-icon: "building"
-mode: "wide"
----
-
-## Overview
-
-When you sign up for [CrewAI AMP](https://app.crewai.com), you may belong to multiple organizations — for example, a personal org and one or more team/company orgs. The **active organization** determines where your tools are published, where deployments are created, and which resources you can access.
-
-Managing your active organization is important because actions like `crewai tool publish` and `crewai deploy create` target whatever org is currently active in your CLI session.
-
-## Authentication and Organizations
-
-When you run `crewai login`, the CLI:
-
-1. Authenticates you via a secure device code flow (OAuth2)
-2. Logs you in to the Tool Repository
-3. Sets your **active organization** to the default organization returned by the server
-
-<Warning>
-  If you belong to multiple organizations, the default org set after login may not be the one you intend to use. Always verify your active organization before publishing tools or creating deployments.
-</Warning>
-
-### Logging In
-
-```shell Terminal
-crewai login
-```
-
-After running this command:
-- A verification URL and code are displayed in your terminal
-- Your browser opens for you to confirm authentication
-- On success, your active org is automatically set
-
-## Checking Your Current Organization
-
-To see which organization is currently active:
-
-```shell Terminal
-crewai org current
-```
-
-Example output:
-
-```
-Currently logged in to organization My Company (a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890)
-```
-
-If no organization is set:
-
-```
-You're not currently logged in to any organization.
-Use 'crewai org list' to see available organizations.
-Use 'crewai org switch <id>' to switch to an organization.
-```
-
-## Listing Your Organizations
-
-To see all organizations you belong to:
-
-```shell Terminal
-crewai org list
-```
-
-Example output:
-
-```
-┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
-┃ Name               ┃ ID                                   ┃
-┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
-│ Personal           │ 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111 │
-│ My Company         │ 22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222 │
-└────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┘
-```
-
-## Switching Organizations
-
-To switch your active organization:
-
-```shell Terminal
-crewai org switch <organization_id>
-```
-
-For example, to switch to "My Company":
-
-```shell Terminal
-crewai org switch 22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222
-```
-
-Output:
-
-```
-Successfully switched to My Company (22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222)
-```
-
-The organization ID is the UUID shown in `crewai org list`.
-
-<Note>
-  You must be authenticated (`crewai login`) before using any `crewai org` commands.
-</Note>
-
-## Practical Example: Publishing Tools to the Right Organization
-
-A common scenario is when you belong to both a personal org and a team org. If you run `crewai login` and immediately publish a tool, the tool may end up in your personal org rather than your team org.
-
-To avoid this:
-
-<Steps>
-  <Step title="Log in to CrewAI AMP">
-    ```shell Terminal
-    crewai login
-    ```
-  </Step>
-  <Step title="Check your current organization">
-    ```shell Terminal
-    crewai org current
-    ```
-  </Step>
-  <Step title="List available organizations (if needed)">
-    ```shell Terminal
-    crewai org list
-    ```
-  </Step>
-  <Step title="Switch to the correct organization">
-    ```shell Terminal
-    crewai org switch <your-team-org-id>
-    ```
-  </Step>
-  <Step title="Publish your tool">
-    ```shell Terminal
-    crewai tool publish
-    ```
-  </Step>
-</Steps>
-
-<Tip>
-  Make it a habit to run `crewai org current` before publishing tools or creating deployments, especially if you belong to multiple organizations.
-</Tip>
-
-## How Settings Are Stored
-
-Organization settings are stored in `~/.config/crewai/settings.json`. The relevant fields are:
-
-- `org_name`: Name of the currently active organization
-- `org_uuid`: UUID of the currently active organization
-
-These fields are managed automatically by `crewai login` and `crewai org switch` — you should not edit them manually.
-
-<Note>
-  Running `crewai login` clears your current organization settings before re-authenticating. After login, the active org is set based on the server's default for your account.
-</Note>
-
-## Command Reference
-
-| Command | Description |
-| :--- | :--- |
-| `crewai login` | Authenticate to CrewAI AMP (sets active org to default) |
-| `crewai org current` | Show the currently active organization |
-| `crewai org list` | List all organizations you belong to |
-| `crewai org switch <id>` | Switch to a specific organization by UUID |
-| `crewai logout` | Log out and clear organization settings |

docs/en/enterprise/guides/tool-repository.mdx

@@ -82,10 +82,6 @@ crewai uv remove requests
 
 This will add the package to your project and update `pyproject.toml` accordingly.
 
-<Tip>
-  If you belong to multiple organizations, make sure you are publishing to the correct one. Run `crewai org current` to verify your active organization, and `crewai org switch <org_id>` to change it if needed. See the [Organization Management](/en/enterprise/guides/organization-management) guide for details.
-</Tip>
-
 ## Creating and Publishing Tools
 
 To create a new tool project:

docs/en/skills.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: Skills
+description: Install crewaiinc/skills from the official registry at skills.sh—Flows, Crews, and docs-aware agents for Claude Code, Cursor, Codex, and more.
+icon: wand-magic-sparkles
+mode: "wide"
+---
+
+# Skills
+
+**Give your AI coding agent CrewAI context in one command.**
+
+CrewAI **Skills** are published on **[skills.sh/crewaiinc/skills](https://skills.sh/crewaiinc/skills)**—the official registry for `crewaiinc/skills`, including individual skills (for example **design-agent**, **getting-started**, **design-task**, and **ask-docs**), install stats, and audits. They teach coding agents—like Claude Code, Cursor, and Codex—how to scaffold Flows, configure Crews, use tools, and follow CrewAI patterns. Run the install below (or paste it into your agent).
+
+```shell Terminal
+npx skills add crewaiinc/skills
+```
+
+That pulls the official skill pack into your agent workflow so it can apply CrewAI conventions without you re-explaining the framework each session. Source code and issues live on [GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/skills).
+
+## What your agent gets
+
+- **Flows** — structure stateful apps, steps, and crew kickoffs the CrewAI way
+- **Crews & agents** — YAML-first patterns, roles, tasks, and delegation
+- **Tools & integrations** — hook agents to search, APIs, and common CrewAI tools
+- **Project layout** — align with CLI scaffolds and repo conventions
+- **Up-to-date patterns** — skills track current CrewAI docs and recommended practices
+
+## Learn more on this site
+
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card title="Coding tools & AGENTS.md" icon="terminal" href="/en/guides/coding-tools/agents-md">
+    How to use `AGENTS.md` and coding-agent workflows with CrewAI.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="Quickstart" icon="rocket" href="/en/quickstart">
+    Build your first Flow and crew end-to-end.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="Installation" icon="download" href="/en/installation">
+    Install the CrewAI CLI and Python package.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="Skills registry (skills.sh)" icon="globe" href="https://skills.sh/crewaiinc/skills">
+    Official listing for `crewaiinc/skills`—skills, installs, and audits.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="GitHub source" icon="code-branch" href="https://github.com/crewAIInc/skills">
+    Source, updates, and issues for the skill pack.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+### Video: CrewAI with coding agent skills
+
+<iframe src="https://www.loom.com/embed/befb9f68b81f42ad8112bfdd95a780af" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen style={{ width: "100%", height: "400px" }} />

docs/en/tools/database-data/nl2sqltool.mdx

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ This tool is used to convert natural language to SQL queries. When passed to the
 This enables multiple workflows like having an Agent to access the database fetch information based on the goal and then use the information to generate a response, report or any other output. 
 Along with that provides the ability for the Agent to update the database based on its goal.
 
-**Attention**: Make sure that the Agent has access to a Read-Replica or that is okay for the Agent to run insert/update queries on the database.
+**Attention**: By default the tool is read-only (SELECT/SHOW/DESCRIBE/EXPLAIN only). Write operations require `allow_dml=True` or the `CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true` environment variable. When write access is enabled, make sure the Agent uses a scoped database user or a read replica where possible.
 
 ## Security Model
 
@@ -38,6 +38,74 @@ Use all of the following in production:
 - Add `before_tool_call` hooks to enforce allowed query patterns
 - Enable query logging and alerting for destructive statements
 
+## Read-Only Mode & DML Configuration
+
+`NL2SQLTool` operates in **read-only mode by default**. Only the following statement types are permitted without additional configuration:
+
+- `SELECT`
+- `SHOW`
+- `DESCRIBE`
+- `EXPLAIN`
+
+Any attempt to execute a write operation (`INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, `DROP`, `CREATE`, `ALTER`, `TRUNCATE`, etc.) will raise an error unless DML is explicitly enabled.
+
+Multi-statement queries containing semicolons (e.g. `SELECT 1; DROP TABLE users`) are also blocked in read-only mode to prevent injection attacks.
+
+### Enabling Write Operations
+
+You can enable DML (Data Manipulation Language) in two ways:
+
+**Option 1 — constructor parameter:**
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(
+    db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db",
+    allow_dml=True,
+)
+```
+
+**Option 2 — environment variable:**
+
+```bash
+CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true
+```
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+# DML enabled via environment variable
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db")
+```
+
+### Usage Examples
+
+**Read-only (default) — safe for analytics and reporting:**
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+# Only SELECT/SHOW/DESCRIBE/EXPLAIN are permitted
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db")
+```
+
+**DML enabled — required for write workloads:**
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+# INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP, etc. are permitted
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(
+    db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db",
+    allow_dml=True,
+)
+```
+
+<Warning>
+Enabling DML gives the agent the ability to modify or destroy data. Only enable this when your use case explicitly requires write access, and ensure the database credentials are scoped to the minimum required privileges.
+</Warning>
+
 ## Requirements
 
 - SqlAlchemy

docs/ko/changelog.mdx

@@ -4,6 +4,62 @@ description: "CrewAI의 제품 업데이트, 개선 사항 및 버그 수정"
 icon: "clock"
 mode: "wide"
 ---
+<Update label="2026년 4월 9일">
+  ## v1.14.2a1
+
+  [GitHub 릴리스 보기](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.2a1)
+
+  ## 변경 사항
+
+  ### 버그 수정
+  - HITL 재개 후 flow_finished 이벤트 방출 수정
+  - CVE-2026-39892 문제를 해결하기 위해 암호화 버전을 46.0.7로 수정
+
+  ### 리팩토링
+  - 공유 I18N_DEFAULT 싱글톤을 사용하도록 리팩토링
+
+  ### 문서
+  - v1.14.1에 대한 변경 로그 및 버전 업데이트
+
+  ## 기여자
+
+  @greysonlalonde
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="2026년 4월 9일">
+  ## v1.14.1
+
+  [GitHub 릴리스 보기](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.1)
+
+  ## 변경 사항
+
+  ### 기능
+  - 비동기 체크포인트 TUI 브라우저 추가
+  - 스트리밍 출력에 aclose()/close() 및 비동기 컨텍스트 관리자 추가
+
+  ### 버그 수정
+  - 템플릿 pyproject.toml 버전 증가를 위한 정규 표현식 수정
+  - 훅 데코레이터 필터에서 도구 이름 정리
+  - CheckpointConfig 생성 시 체크포인트 핸들러 등록 수정
+  - CVE-2026-1839 해결을 위해 transformers를 5.5.0으로 업데이트
+  - FilteredStream stdout/stderr 래퍼 제거
+
+  ### 문서
+  - v1.14.1rc1에 대한 변경 로그 및 버전 업데이트
+
+  ### 리팩토링
+  - 하드코딩된 거부 목록을 동적 BaseTool 필드 제외로 교체
+  - devtools CLI에서 정규 표현식을 tomlkit으로 교체
+  - 공유 PRINTER 싱글톤 사용
+  - BaseProvider를 provider_type 식별자가 있는 BaseModel로 변경
+
+  ## 기여자
+
+  @greysonlalonde, @iris-clawd, @joaomdmoura, @lorenzejay
+
+</Update>
+
 <Update label="2026년 4월 9일">
   ## v1.14.1rc1
 

docs/ko/skills.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: Skills
+description: skills.sh의 공식 레지스트리에서 crewaiinc/skills를 설치하세요. Claude Code, Cursor, Codex 등을 위한 Flow, Crew, 문서 연동 스킬.
+icon: wand-magic-sparkles
+mode: "wide"
+---
+
+# Skills
+
+**한 번의 명령으로 코딩 에이전트에 CrewAI 컨텍스트를 제공하세요.**
+
+CrewAI **Skills**는 **[skills.sh/crewaiinc/skills](https://skills.sh/crewaiinc/skills)**에 게시됩니다. `crewaiinc/skills`의 공식 레지스트리로, 개별 스킬(예: **design-agent**, **getting-started**, **design-task**, **ask-docs**), 설치 수, 감사 정보를 확인할 수 있습니다. Claude Code, Cursor, Codex 같은 코딩 에이전트에게 Flow 구성, Crew 설정, 도구 사용, CrewAI 패턴을 가르칩니다. 아래를 실행하거나 에이전트에 붙여 넣으세요.
+
+```shell Terminal
+npx skills add crewaiinc/skills
+```
+
+에이전트 워크플로에 스킬 팩이 추가되어 세션마다 프레임워크를 다시 설명하지 않아도 CrewAI 관례를 적용할 수 있습니다. 소스와 이슈는 [GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/skills)에서 관리합니다.
+
+## 에이전트가 얻는 것
+
+- **Flows** — CrewAI 방식의 상태ful 앱, 단계, crew kickoff
+- **Crew & 에이전트** — YAML 우선 패턴, 역할, 작업, 위임
+- **도구 & 통합** — 검색, API, 일반적인 CrewAI 도구 연결
+- **프로젝트 구조** — CLI 스캐폴드 및 저장소 관례와 정렬
+- **최신 패턴** — 스킬이 현재 CrewAI 문서 및 권장 사항을 반영
+
+## 이 사이트에서 더 알아보기
+
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card title="코딩 도구 & AGENTS.md" icon="terminal" href="/ko/guides/coding-tools/agents-md">
+    CrewAI와 `AGENTS.md`, 코딩 에이전트 워크플로 사용법.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="빠른 시작" icon="rocket" href="/ko/quickstart">
+    첫 Flow와 crew를 처음부터 끝까지 구축합니다.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="설치" icon="download" href="/ko/installation">
+    CrewAI CLI와 Python 패키지를 설치합니다.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="Skills 레지스트리 (skills.sh)" icon="globe" href="https://skills.sh/crewaiinc/skills">
+    `crewaiinc/skills` 공식 목록—스킬, 설치 수, 감사.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="GitHub 소스" icon="code-branch" href="https://github.com/crewAIInc/skills">
+    스킬 팩 소스, 업데이트, 이슈.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+### 영상: 코딩 에이전트 스킬과 CrewAI
+
+<iframe src="https://www.loom.com/embed/befb9f68b81f42ad8112bfdd95a780af" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen style={{ width: "100%", height: "400px" }} />

docs/ko/tools/database-data/nl2sqltool.mdx

@@ -11,7 +11,75 @@ mode: "wide"
 
 이를 통해 에이전트가 데이터베이스에 접근하여 목표에 따라 정보를 가져오고, 해당 정보를 사용해 응답, 보고서 또는 기타 출력물을 생성하는 다양한 워크플로우가 가능해집니다. 또한 에이전트가 자신의 목표에 맞춰 데이터베이스를 업데이트할 수 있는 기능도 제공합니다.
 
-**주의**: 에이전트가 Read-Replica에 접근할 수 있거나, 에이전트가 데이터베이스에 insert/update 쿼리를 실행해도 괜찮은지 반드시 확인하십시오.
+**주의**: 도구는 기본적으로 읽기 전용(SELECT/SHOW/DESCRIBE/EXPLAIN만 허용)으로 동작합니다. 쓰기 작업을 수행하려면 `allow_dml=True` 매개변수 또는 `CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true` 환경 변수가 필요합니다. 쓰기 접근이 활성화된 경우, 가능하면 권한이 제한된 데이터베이스 사용자나 읽기 복제본을 사용하십시오.
+
+## 읽기 전용 모드 및 DML 구성
+
+`NL2SQLTool`은 기본적으로 **읽기 전용 모드**로 동작합니다. 추가 구성 없이 허용되는 구문 유형은 다음과 같습니다:
+
+- `SELECT`
+- `SHOW`
+- `DESCRIBE`
+- `EXPLAIN`
+
+DML을 명시적으로 활성화하지 않으면 쓰기 작업(`INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, `DROP`, `CREATE`, `ALTER`, `TRUNCATE` 등)을 실행하려고 할 때 오류가 발생합니다.
+
+읽기 전용 모드에서는 세미콜론이 포함된 다중 구문 쿼리(예: `SELECT 1; DROP TABLE users`)도 인젝션 공격을 방지하기 위해 차단됩니다.
+
+### 쓰기 작업 활성화
+
+DML(데이터 조작 언어)을 활성화하는 방법은 두 가지입니다:
+
+**옵션 1 — 생성자 매개변수:**
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(
+    db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db",
+    allow_dml=True,
+)
+```
+
+**옵션 2 — 환경 변수:**
+
+```bash
+CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true
+```
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+# 환경 변수를 통해 DML 활성화
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db")
+```
+
+### 사용 예시
+
+**읽기 전용(기본값) — 분석 및 보고 워크로드에 안전:**
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+# SELECT/SHOW/DESCRIBE/EXPLAIN만 허용
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db")
+```
+
+**DML 활성화 — 쓰기 워크로드에 필요:**
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+# INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP 등이 허용됨
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(
+    db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db",
+    allow_dml=True,
+)
+```
+
+<Warning>
+DML을 활성화하면 에이전트가 데이터를 수정하거나 삭제할 수 있습니다. 사용 사례에서 명시적으로 쓰기 접근이 필요한 경우에만 활성화하고, 데이터베이스 자격 증명이 최소 필요 권한으로 제한되어 있는지 확인하십시오.
+</Warning>
 
 ## 요구 사항
 

docs/pt-BR/changelog.mdx

@@ -4,6 +4,62 @@ description: "Atualizações de produto, melhorias e correções do CrewAI"
 icon: "clock"
 mode: "wide"
 ---
+<Update label="09 abr 2026">
+  ## v1.14.2a1
+
+  [Ver release no GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.2a1)
+
+  ## O que Mudou
+
+  ### Correções de Bugs
+  - Corrigir a emissão do evento flow_finished após a retomada do HITL
+  - Corrigir a versão da criptografia para 46.0.7 para resolver o CVE-2026-39892
+
+  ### Refatoração
+  - Refatorar para usar o singleton I18N_DEFAULT compartilhado
+
+  ### Documentação
+  - Atualizar o changelog e a versão para v1.14.1
+
+  ## Contribuidores
+
+  @greysonlalonde
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="09 abr 2026">
+  ## v1.14.1
+
+  [Ver release no GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.1)
+
+  ## O que Mudou
+
+  ### Funcionalidades
+  - Adicionar navegador TUI de ponto de verificação assíncrono
+  - Adicionar aclose()/close() e gerenciador de contexto assíncrono para saídas de streaming
+
+  ### Correções de Bugs
+  - Corrigir regex para aumentos de versão do template pyproject.toml
+  - Sanitizar nomes de ferramentas nos filtros do decorador de hook
+  - Corrigir registro de manipuladores de ponto de verificação quando CheckpointConfig é criado
+  - Atualizar transformers para 5.5.0 para resolver CVE-2026-1839
+  - Remover wrapper stdout/stderr de FilteredStream
+
+  ### Documentação
+  - Atualizar changelog e versão para v1.14.1rc1
+
+  ### Refatoração
+  - Substituir lista de negação codificada por exclusão dinâmica de campo BaseTool na geração de especificações
+  - Substituir regex por tomlkit na CLI do devtools
+  - Usar singleton PRINTER compartilhado
+  - Fazer BaseProvider um BaseModel com discriminador provider_type
+
+  ## Contribuidores
+
+  @greysonlalonde, @iris-clawd, @joaomdmoura, @lorenzejay
+
+</Update>
+
 <Update label="09 abr 2026">
   ## v1.14.1rc1
 

docs/pt-BR/skills.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: Skills
+description: Instale crewaiinc/skills pelo registro oficial em skills.sh—Flows, Crews e agentes alinhados à documentação para Claude Code, Cursor, Codex e outros.
+icon: wand-magic-sparkles
+mode: "wide"
+---
+
+# Skills
+
+**Dê ao seu agente de código o contexto do CrewAI em um comando.**
+
+As **Skills** do CrewAI são publicadas em **[skills.sh/crewaiinc/skills](https://skills.sh/crewaiinc/skills)**—o registro oficial de `crewaiinc/skills`, com cada skill (por exemplo **design-agent**, **getting-started**, **design-task** e **ask-docs**), estatísticas de instalação e auditorias. Ensinam agentes de código—como Claude Code, Cursor e Codex—a estruturar Flows, configurar Crews, usar ferramentas e seguir os padrões do CrewAI. Execute o comando abaixo (ou cole no seu agente).
+
+```shell Terminal
+npx skills add crewaiinc/skills
+```
+
+Isso adiciona o pacote de skills ao fluxo do seu agente para aplicar convenções do CrewAI sem precisar reexplicar o framework a cada sessão. Código-fonte e issues ficam no [GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/skills).
+
+## O que seu agente ganha
+
+- **Flows** — apps com estado, passos e kickoffs de crew no estilo CrewAI
+- **Crews e agentes** — padrões YAML-first, papéis, tarefas e delegação
+- **Ferramentas e integrações** — conectar agentes a busca, APIs e ferramentas comuns
+- **Layout de projeto** — alinhar com scaffolds da CLI e convenções do repositório
+- **Padrões atualizados** — skills acompanham a documentação e as práticas recomendadas
+
+## Saiba mais neste site
+
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card title="Ferramentas de codificação e AGENTS.md" icon="terminal" href="/pt-BR/guides/coding-tools/agents-md">
+    Como usar `AGENTS.md` e fluxos de agente de código com o CrewAI.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="Início rápido" icon="rocket" href="/pt-BR/quickstart">
+    Construa seu primeiro Flow e crew ponta a ponta.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="Instalação" icon="download" href="/pt-BR/installation">
+    Instale a CLI e o pacote Python do CrewAI.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="Registro de skills (skills.sh)" icon="globe" href="https://skills.sh/crewaiinc/skills">
+    Listagem oficial de `crewaiinc/skills`—skills, instalações e auditorias.
+  </Card>
+  <Card title="Código no GitHub" icon="code-branch" href="https://github.com/crewAIInc/skills">
+    Fonte, atualizações e issues do pacote de skills.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+### Vídeo: CrewAI com coding agent skills
+
+<iframe src="https://www.loom.com/embed/befb9f68b81f42ad8112bfdd95a780af" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen style={{ width: "100%", height: "400px" }} />

docs/pt-BR/tools/database-data/nl2sqltool.mdx

@@ -11,7 +11,75 @@ Esta ferramenta é utilizada para converter linguagem natural em consultas SQL.
 
 Isso possibilita múltiplos fluxos de trabalho, como por exemplo ter um Agente acessando o banco de dados para buscar informações com base em um objetivo e, então, usar essas informações para gerar uma resposta, relatório ou qualquer outro tipo de saída. Além disso, permite que o Agente atualize o banco de dados de acordo com seu objetivo.
 
-**Atenção**: Certifique-se de que o Agente tenha acesso a um Read-Replica ou que seja permitido que o Agente execute consultas de inserção/atualização no banco de dados.
+**Atenção**: Por padrão, a ferramenta opera em modo somente leitura (apenas SELECT/SHOW/DESCRIBE/EXPLAIN). Operações de escrita exigem `allow_dml=True` ou a variável de ambiente `CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true`. Quando o acesso de escrita estiver habilitado, certifique-se de que o Agente use um usuário de banco de dados com privilégios mínimos ou um Read-Replica sempre que possível.
+
+## Modo Somente Leitura e Configuração de DML
+
+O `NL2SQLTool` opera em **modo somente leitura por padrão**. Apenas os seguintes tipos de instrução são permitidos sem configuração adicional:
+
+- `SELECT`
+- `SHOW`
+- `DESCRIBE`
+- `EXPLAIN`
+
+Qualquer tentativa de executar uma operação de escrita (`INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, `DROP`, `CREATE`, `ALTER`, `TRUNCATE`, etc.) resultará em erro, a menos que o DML seja habilitado explicitamente.
+
+Consultas com múltiplas instruções contendo ponto e vírgula (ex.: `SELECT 1; DROP TABLE users`) também são bloqueadas no modo somente leitura para prevenir ataques de injeção.
+
+### Habilitando Operações de Escrita
+
+Você pode habilitar DML (Linguagem de Manipulação de Dados) de duas formas:
+
+**Opção 1 — parâmetro do construtor:**
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(
+    db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db",
+    allow_dml=True,
+)
+```
+
+**Opção 2 — variável de ambiente:**
+
+```bash
+CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true
+```
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+# DML habilitado via variável de ambiente
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db")
+```
+
+### Exemplos de Uso
+
+**Somente leitura (padrão) — seguro para análise e relatórios:**
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+# Apenas SELECT/SHOW/DESCRIBE/EXPLAIN são permitidos
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db")
+```
+
+**Com DML habilitado — necessário para workloads de escrita:**
+
+```python
+from crewai_tools import NL2SQLTool
+
+# INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP, etc. são permitidos
+nl2sql = NL2SQLTool(
+    db_uri="postgresql://example@localhost:5432/test_db",
+    allow_dml=True,
+)
+```
+
+<Warning>
+Habilitar DML concede ao agente a capacidade de modificar ou destruir dados. Ative apenas quando o seu caso de uso exigir explicitamente acesso de escrita e certifique-se de que as credenciais do banco de dados estejam limitadas aos privilégios mínimos necessários.
+</Warning>
 
 ## Requisitos
 

lib/crewai-files/src/crewai_files/__init__.py

@@ -152,4 +152,4 @@ __all__ = [
     "wrap_file_source",
 ]
 
-__version__ = "1.14.1rc1"
+__version__ = "1.14.2a1"

lib/crewai-tools/pyproject.toml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ requires-python = ">=3.10, <3.14"
 dependencies = [
     "pytube~=15.0.0",
     "requests~=2.32.5",
-    "crewai==1.14.1rc1",
+    "crewai==1.14.2a1",
     "tiktoken~=0.8.0",
     "beautifulsoup4~=4.13.4",
     "python-docx~=1.2.0",

lib/crewai-tools/src/crewai_tools/__init__.py

@@ -305,4 +305,4 @@ __all__ = [
     "ZapierActionTools",
 ]
 
-__version__ = "1.14.1rc1"
+__version__ = "1.14.2a1"

lib/crewai-tools/src/crewai_tools/tools/nl2sql/nl2sql_tool.py

@@ -1,7 +1,17 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+import logging
+import os
+import re
 from typing import Any
 
+
+try:
+    from typing import Self
+except ImportError:
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
 from crewai.tools import BaseTool
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, model_validator
 
 
 try:
@@ -12,6 +22,186 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     SQLALCHEMY_AVAILABLE = False
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Commands allowed in read-only mode
+# NOTE: WITH is intentionally excluded — writable CTEs start with WITH, so the
+# CTE body must be inspected separately (see _validate_statement).
+_READ_ONLY_COMMANDS = {"SELECT", "SHOW", "DESCRIBE", "DESC", "EXPLAIN"}
+
+# Commands that mutate state and are blocked by default
+_WRITE_COMMANDS = {
+    "INSERT",
+    "UPDATE",
+    "DELETE",
+    "DROP",
+    "ALTER",
+    "CREATE",
+    "TRUNCATE",
+    "GRANT",
+    "REVOKE",
+    "EXEC",
+    "EXECUTE",
+    "CALL",
+    "MERGE",
+    "REPLACE",
+    "UPSERT",
+    "LOAD",
+    "COPY",
+    "VACUUM",
+    "ANALYZE",
+    "ANALYSE",
+    "REINDEX",
+    "CLUSTER",
+    "REFRESH",
+    "COMMENT",
+    "SET",
+    "RESET",
+}
+
+
+# Subset of write commands that can realistically appear *inside* a CTE body.
+# Narrower than _WRITE_COMMANDS to avoid false positives on identifiers like
+# ``comment``, ``set``, or ``reset`` which are common column/table names.
+_CTE_WRITE_INDICATORS = {
+    "INSERT",
+    "UPDATE",
+    "DELETE",
+    "DROP",
+    "ALTER",
+    "CREATE",
+    "TRUNCATE",
+    "MERGE",
+}
+
+
+_AS_PAREN_RE = re.compile(r"\bAS\s*\(", re.IGNORECASE)
+
+
+def _iter_as_paren_matches(stmt: str) -> Iterator[re.Match[str]]:
+    """Yield regex matches for ``AS\\s*(`` outside of string literals."""
+    # Build a set of character positions that are inside string literals.
+    in_string: set[int] = set()
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(stmt):
+        if stmt[i] == "'":
+            start = i
+            end = _skip_string_literal(stmt, i)
+            in_string.update(range(start, end))
+            i = end
+        else:
+            i += 1
+
+    for m in _AS_PAREN_RE.finditer(stmt):
+        if m.start() not in in_string:
+            yield m
+
+
+def _detect_writable_cte(stmt: str) -> str | None:
+    """Return the first write command inside a CTE body, or None.
+
+    Instead of tokenizing the whole statement (which falsely matches column
+    names like ``comment``), this walks through parenthesized CTE bodies and
+    checks only the *first keyword after* an opening ``AS (`` for a write
+    command.  Uses a regex to handle any whitespace (spaces, tabs, newlines)
+    between ``AS`` and ``(``.  Skips matches inside string literals.
+    """
+    for m in _iter_as_paren_matches(stmt):
+        body = stmt[m.end() :].lstrip()
+        first_word = body.split()[0].upper().strip("()") if body.split() else ""
+        if first_word in _CTE_WRITE_INDICATORS:
+            return first_word
+    return None
+
+
+def _skip_string_literal(stmt: str, pos: int) -> int:
+    """Skip past a string literal starting at pos (single-quoted).
+
+    Handles escaped quotes ('') inside the literal.
+    Returns the index after the closing quote.
+    """
+    quote_char = stmt[pos]
+    i = pos + 1
+    while i < len(stmt):
+        if stmt[i] == quote_char:
+            # Check for escaped quote ('')
+            if i + 1 < len(stmt) and stmt[i + 1] == quote_char:
+                i += 2
+                continue
+            return i + 1
+        i += 1
+    return i  # Unterminated literal — return end
+
+
+def _find_matching_close_paren(stmt: str, start: int) -> int:
+    """Find the matching close paren, skipping string literals."""
+    depth = 1
+    i = start
+    while i < len(stmt) and depth > 0:
+        ch = stmt[i]
+        if ch == "'":
+            i = _skip_string_literal(stmt, i)
+            continue
+        if ch == "(":
+            depth += 1
+        elif ch == ")":
+            depth -= 1
+        i += 1
+    return i
+
+
+def _extract_main_query_after_cte(stmt: str) -> str | None:
+    """Extract the main (outer) query that follows all CTE definitions.
+
+    For ``WITH cte AS (SELECT 1) DELETE FROM users``, returns ``DELETE FROM users``.
+    Returns None if no main query is found after the last CTE body.
+    Handles parentheses inside string literals (e.g., ``SELECT '(' FROM t``).
+    """
+    last_cte_end = 0
+    for m in _iter_as_paren_matches(stmt):
+        last_cte_end = _find_matching_close_paren(stmt, m.end())
+
+    if last_cte_end > 0:
+        remainder = stmt[last_cte_end:].strip().lstrip(",").strip()
+        if remainder:
+            return remainder
+    return None
+
+
+def _resolve_explain_command(stmt: str) -> str | None:
+    """Resolve the underlying command from an EXPLAIN [ANALYZE] [VERBOSE] statement.
+
+    Returns the real command (e.g., 'DELETE') if ANALYZE is present, else None.
+    Handles both space-separated and parenthesized syntax.
+    """
+    rest = stmt.strip()[len("EXPLAIN") :].strip()
+    if not rest:
+        return None
+
+    analyze_found = False
+    explain_opts = {"ANALYZE", "ANALYSE", "VERBOSE"}
+
+    if rest.startswith("("):
+        close = rest.find(")")
+        if close != -1:
+            options_str = rest[1:close].upper()
+            analyze_found = any(
+                opt.strip() in ("ANALYZE", "ANALYSE") for opt in options_str.split(",")
+            )
+            rest = rest[close + 1 :].strip()
+    else:
+        while rest:
+            first_opt = rest.split()[0].upper().rstrip(";") if rest.split() else ""
+            if first_opt in ("ANALYZE", "ANALYSE"):
+                analyze_found = True
+            if first_opt not in explain_opts:
+                break
+            rest = rest[len(first_opt) :].strip()
+
+    if analyze_found and rest:
+        return rest.split()[0].upper().rstrip(";")
+    return None
+
 
 class NL2SQLToolInput(BaseModel):
     sql_query: str = Field(
@@ -21,20 +211,70 @@ class NL2SQLToolInput(BaseModel):
 
 
 class NL2SQLTool(BaseTool):
+    """Tool that converts natural language to SQL and executes it against a database.
+
+    By default the tool operates in **read-only mode**: only SELECT, SHOW,
+    DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN, and read-only CTEs (WITH … SELECT) are permitted.  Write
+    operations (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP, ALTER, CREATE, TRUNCATE, …) are
+    blocked unless ``allow_dml=True`` is set explicitly or the environment
+    variable ``CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true`` is present.
+
+    Writable CTEs (``WITH d AS (DELETE …) SELECT …``) and
+    ``EXPLAIN ANALYZE <write-stmt>`` are treated as write operations and are
+    blocked in read-only mode.
+
+    The ``_fetch_all_available_columns`` helper uses parameterised queries so
+    that table names coming from the database catalogue cannot be used as an
+    injection vector.
+    """
+
     name: str = "NL2SQLTool"
-    description: str = "Converts natural language to SQL queries and executes them."
+    description: str = (
+        "Converts natural language to SQL queries and executes them against a "
+        "database. Read-only by default — only SELECT/SHOW/DESCRIBE/EXPLAIN "
+        "queries (and read-only CTEs) are allowed unless configured with "
+        "allow_dml=True."
+    )
     db_uri: str = Field(
         title="Database URI",
         description="The URI of the database to connect to.",
     )
+    allow_dml: bool = Field(
+        default=False,
+        title="Allow DML",
+        description=(
+            "When False (default) only read statements are permitted. "
+            "Set to True to allow INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/DROP and other "
+            "write operations."
+        ),
+    )
     tables: list[dict[str, Any]] = Field(default_factory=list)
     columns: dict[str, list[dict[str, Any]] | str] = Field(default_factory=dict)
     args_schema: type[BaseModel] = NL2SQLToolInput
 
+    @model_validator(mode="after")
+    def _apply_env_override(self) -> Self:
+        """Allow CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true to override allow_dml at runtime."""
+        if os.environ.get("CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML", "").strip().lower() == "true":
+            if not self.allow_dml:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "NL2SQLTool: CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML env var is set — "
+                    "DML/DDL operations are enabled. Ensure this is intentional."
+                )
+            self.allow_dml = True
+        return self
+
     def model_post_init(self, __context: Any) -> None:
         if not SQLALCHEMY_AVAILABLE:
             raise ImportError(
-                "sqlalchemy is not installed. Please install it with `pip install crewai-tools[sqlalchemy]`"
+                "sqlalchemy is not installed. Please install it with "
+                "`pip install crewai-tools[sqlalchemy]`"
+            )
+
+        if self.allow_dml:
+            logger.warning(
+                "NL2SQLTool: allow_dml=True — write operations (INSERT/UPDATE/"
+                "DELETE/DROP/…) are permitted. Use with caution."
             )
 
         data: dict[str, list[dict[str, Any]] | str] = {}
@@ -50,42 +290,216 @@ class NL2SQLTool(BaseTool):
         self.tables = tables
         self.columns = data
 
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Query validation
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _validate_query(self, sql_query: str) -> None:
+        """Raise ValueError if *sql_query* is not permitted under the current config.
+
+        Splits the query on semicolons and validates each statement
+        independently.  When ``allow_dml=False`` (the default), multi-statement
+        queries are rejected outright to prevent ``SELECT 1; DROP TABLE users``
+        style bypasses.  When ``allow_dml=True`` every statement is checked and
+        a warning is emitted for write operations.
+        """
+        statements = [s.strip() for s in sql_query.split(";") if s.strip()]
+
+        if not statements:
+            raise ValueError("NL2SQLTool received an empty SQL query.")
+
+        if not self.allow_dml and len(statements) > 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "NL2SQLTool blocked a multi-statement query in read-only mode. "
+                "Semicolons are not permitted when allow_dml=False."
+            )
+
+        for stmt in statements:
+            self._validate_statement(stmt)
+
+    def _validate_statement(self, stmt: str) -> None:
+        """Validate a single SQL statement (no semicolons)."""
+        command = self._extract_command(stmt)
+
+        # EXPLAIN ANALYZE / EXPLAIN ANALYSE actually *executes* the underlying
+        # query.  Resolve the real command so write operations are caught.
+        # Handles both space-separated ("EXPLAIN ANALYZE DELETE …") and
+        # parenthesized ("EXPLAIN (ANALYZE) DELETE …", "EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, VERBOSE) DELETE …").
+        # EXPLAIN ANALYZE actually executes the underlying query — resolve the
+        # real command so write operations are caught.
+        if command == "EXPLAIN":
+            resolved = _resolve_explain_command(stmt)
+            if resolved:
+                command = resolved
+
+        # WITH starts a CTE.  Read-only CTEs are fine; writable CTEs
+        # (e.g. WITH d AS (DELETE …) SELECT …) must be blocked in read-only mode.
+        if command == "WITH":
+            # Check for write commands inside CTE bodies.
+            write_found = _detect_writable_cte(stmt)
+            if write_found:
+                found = write_found
+                if not self.allow_dml:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"NL2SQLTool is configured in read-only mode and blocked a "
+                        f"writable CTE containing a '{found}' statement. To allow "
+                        f"write operations set allow_dml=True or "
+                        f"CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true."
+                    )
+                logger.warning(
+                    "NL2SQLTool: executing writable CTE with '%s' because allow_dml=True.",
+                    found,
+                )
+                return
+
+            # Check the main query after the CTE definitions.
+            main_query = _extract_main_query_after_cte(stmt)
+            if main_query:
+                main_cmd = main_query.split()[0].upper().rstrip(";")
+                if main_cmd in _WRITE_COMMANDS:
+                    if not self.allow_dml:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            f"NL2SQLTool is configured in read-only mode and blocked a "
+                            f"'{main_cmd}' statement after a CTE. To allow write "
+                            f"operations set allow_dml=True or "
+                            f"CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true."
+                        )
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "NL2SQLTool: executing '%s' after CTE because allow_dml=True.",
+                        main_cmd,
+                    )
+                elif main_cmd not in _READ_ONLY_COMMANDS:
+                    if not self.allow_dml:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            f"NL2SQLTool blocked an unrecognised SQL command '{main_cmd}' "
+                            f"after a CTE. Only {sorted(_READ_ONLY_COMMANDS)} are allowed "
+                            f"in read-only mode."
+                        )
+            return
+
+        if command in _WRITE_COMMANDS:
+            if not self.allow_dml:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"NL2SQLTool is configured in read-only mode and blocked a "
+                    f"'{command}' statement. To allow write operations set "
+                    f"allow_dml=True or CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true."
+                )
+            logger.warning(
+                "NL2SQLTool: executing write statement '%s' because allow_dml=True.",
+                command,
+            )
+        elif command not in _READ_ONLY_COMMANDS:
+            # Unknown command — block by default unless DML is explicitly enabled
+            if not self.allow_dml:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"NL2SQLTool blocked an unrecognised SQL command '{command}'. "
+                    f"Only {sorted(_READ_ONLY_COMMANDS)} are allowed in read-only "
+                    f"mode."
+                )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_command(sql_query: str) -> str:
+        """Return the uppercased first keyword of *sql_query*."""
+        stripped = sql_query.strip().lstrip("(")
+        first_token = stripped.split()[0] if stripped.split() else ""
+        return first_token.upper().rstrip(";")
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Schema introspection helpers
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
     def _fetch_available_tables(self) -> list[dict[str, Any]] | str:
         return self.execute_sql(
-            "SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public';"
+            "SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables "
+            "WHERE table_schema = 'public';"
         )
 
     def _fetch_all_available_columns(
         self, table_name: str
     ) -> list[dict[str, Any]] | str:
+        """Fetch columns for *table_name* using a parameterised query.
+
+        The table name is bound via SQLAlchemy's ``:param`` syntax to prevent
+        SQL injection from catalogue values.
+        """
         return self.execute_sql(
-            f"SELECT column_name, data_type FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = '{table_name}';"  # noqa: S608
+            "SELECT column_name, data_type FROM information_schema.columns "
+            "WHERE table_name = :table_name",
+            params={"table_name": table_name},
         )
 
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Core execution
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
     def _run(self, sql_query: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]] | str:
         try:
+            self._validate_query(sql_query)
             data = self.execute_sql(sql_query)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise
         except Exception as exc:
             data = (
                 f"Based on these tables {self.tables} and columns {self.columns}, "
-                "you can create SQL queries to retrieve data from the database."
-                f"Get the original request {sql_query} and the error {exc} and create the correct SQL query."
+                "you can create SQL queries to retrieve data from the database. "
+                f"Get the original request {sql_query} and the error {exc} and "
+                "create the correct SQL query."
             )
 
         return data
 
-    def execute_sql(self, sql_query: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]] | str:
+    def execute_sql(
+        self,
+        sql_query: str,
+        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]] | str:
+        """Execute *sql_query* and return the results as a list of dicts.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        sql_query:
+            The SQL statement to run.
+        params:
+            Optional mapping of bind parameters (e.g. ``{"table_name": "users"}``).
+        """
         if not SQLALCHEMY_AVAILABLE:
             raise ImportError(
-                "sqlalchemy is not installed. Please install it with `pip install crewai-tools[sqlalchemy]`"
+                "sqlalchemy is not installed. Please install it with "
+                "`pip install crewai-tools[sqlalchemy]`"
             )
 
+        # Check ALL statements so that e.g. "SELECT 1; DROP TABLE t" triggers a
+        # commit when allow_dml=True, regardless of statement order.
+        _stmts = [s.strip() for s in sql_query.split(";") if s.strip()]
+
+        def _is_write_stmt(s: str) -> bool:
+            cmd = self._extract_command(s)
+            if cmd in _WRITE_COMMANDS:
+                return True
+            if cmd == "EXPLAIN":
+                # Resolve the underlying command for EXPLAIN ANALYZE
+                resolved = _resolve_explain_command(s)
+                if resolved and resolved in _WRITE_COMMANDS:
+                    return True
+            if cmd == "WITH":
+                if _detect_writable_cte(s):
+                    return True
+                main_q = _extract_main_query_after_cte(s)
+                if main_q:
+                    return main_q.split()[0].upper().rstrip(";") in _WRITE_COMMANDS
+            return False
+
+        is_write = any(_is_write_stmt(s) for s in _stmts)
+
         engine = create_engine(self.db_uri)
         Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)  # noqa: N806
         session = Session()
         try:
-            result = session.execute(text(sql_query))
-            session.commit()
+            result = session.execute(text(sql_query), params or {})
+
+            # Only commit when the operation actually mutates state
+            if self.allow_dml and is_write:
+                session.commit()
 
             if result.returns_rows:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                 columns = result.keys()

lib/crewai-tools/tests/tools/test_nl2sql_security.py

@@ -0,0 +1,671 @@
+"""Security tests for NL2SQLTool.
+
+Uses an in-memory SQLite database so no external service is needed.
+SQLite does not have information_schema, so we patch the schema-introspection
+helpers to avoid bootstrap failures and focus purely on the security logic.
+"""
+import os
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+# Skip the entire module if SQLAlchemy is not installed
+pytest.importorskip("sqlalchemy")
+
+from sqlalchemy import create_engine, text  # noqa: E402
+
+from crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool import NL2SQLTool  # noqa: E402
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Helpers
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SQLITE_URI = "sqlite://"  # in-memory
+
+
+def _make_tool(allow_dml: bool = False, **kwargs) -> NL2SQLTool:
+    """Return a NL2SQLTool wired to an in-memory SQLite DB.
+
+    Schema-introspection is patched out so we can create the tool without a
+    real PostgreSQL information_schema.
+    """
+    with (
+        patch.object(NL2SQLTool, "_fetch_available_tables", return_value=[]),
+        patch.object(NL2SQLTool, "_fetch_all_available_columns", return_value=[]),
+    ):
+        return NL2SQLTool(db_uri=SQLITE_URI, allow_dml=allow_dml, **kwargs)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Read-only enforcement (allow_dml=False)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestReadOnlyMode:
+    def test_select_allowed_by_default(self):
+        tool = _make_tool()
+        # SQLite supports SELECT without information_schema
+        result = tool.execute_sql("SELECT 1 AS val")
+        assert result == [{"val": 1}]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "stmt",
+        [
+            "INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)",
+            "UPDATE t SET col = 1",
+            "DELETE FROM t",
+            "DROP TABLE t",
+            "ALTER TABLE t ADD col TEXT",
+            "CREATE TABLE t (id INTEGER)",
+            "TRUNCATE TABLE t",
+            "GRANT SELECT ON t TO user1",
+            "REVOKE SELECT ON t FROM user1",
+            "EXEC sp_something",
+            "EXECUTE sp_something",
+            "CALL proc()",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_write_statements_blocked_by_default(self, stmt: str):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query(stmt)
+
+    def test_explain_allowed(self):
+        tool = _make_tool()
+        # Should not raise
+        tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN SELECT 1")
+
+    def test_read_only_cte_allowed(self):
+        tool = _make_tool()
+        tool._validate_query("WITH cte AS (SELECT 1) SELECT * FROM cte")
+
+    def test_show_allowed(self):
+        tool = _make_tool()
+        tool._validate_query("SHOW TABLES")
+
+    def test_describe_allowed(self):
+        tool = _make_tool()
+        tool._validate_query("DESCRIBE users")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# DML enabled (allow_dml=True)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestDMLEnabled:
+    def test_insert_allowed_when_dml_enabled(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+        # Should not raise
+        tool._validate_query("INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)")
+
+    def test_delete_allowed_when_dml_enabled(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+        tool._validate_query("DELETE FROM t WHERE id = 1")
+
+    def test_drop_allowed_when_dml_enabled(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+        tool._validate_query("DROP TABLE t")
+
+    def test_dml_actually_persists(self):
+        """End-to-end: INSERT commits when allow_dml=True."""
+        # Use a file-based SQLite so we can verify persistence across sessions
+        import tempfile, os
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db", delete=False) as f:
+            db_path = f.name
+        uri = f"sqlite:///{db_path}"
+        try:
+            tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+            tool.db_uri = uri
+
+            engine = create_engine(uri)
+            with engine.connect() as conn:
+                conn.execute(text("CREATE TABLE items (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY)"))
+                conn.commit()
+
+            tool.execute_sql("INSERT INTO items VALUES (42)")
+
+            with engine.connect() as conn:
+                rows = conn.execute(text("SELECT id FROM items")).fetchall()
+            assert (42,) in rows
+        finally:
+            os.unlink(db_path)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Parameterised query — SQL injection prevention
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestParameterisedQueries:
+    def test_table_name_is_parameterised(self):
+        """_fetch_all_available_columns must not interpolate table_name into SQL."""
+        tool = _make_tool()
+        captured_calls = []
+
+        def recording_execute_sql(self_inner, sql_query, params=None):
+            captured_calls.append((sql_query, params))
+            return []
+
+        with patch.object(NL2SQLTool, "execute_sql", recording_execute_sql):
+            tool._fetch_all_available_columns("users'; DROP TABLE users; --")
+
+        assert len(captured_calls) == 1
+        sql, params = captured_calls[0]
+        # The raw SQL must NOT contain the injected string
+        assert "DROP" not in sql
+        # The table name must be passed as a parameter
+        assert params is not None
+        assert params.get("table_name") == "users'; DROP TABLE users; --"
+        # The SQL template must use the :param syntax
+        assert ":table_name" in sql
+
+    def test_injection_string_not_in_sql_template(self):
+        """The f-string vulnerability is gone — table name never lands in the SQL."""
+        tool = _make_tool()
+        injection = "'; DROP TABLE users; --"
+        captured = {}
+
+        def spy(self_inner, sql_query, params=None):
+            captured["sql"] = sql_query
+            captured["params"] = params
+            return []
+
+        with patch.object(NL2SQLTool, "execute_sql", spy):
+            tool._fetch_all_available_columns(injection)
+
+        assert injection not in captured["sql"]
+        assert captured["params"]["table_name"] == injection
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# session.commit() not called for read-only queries
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestNoCommitForReadOnly:
+    def test_select_does_not_commit(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+
+        mock_session = MagicMock()
+        mock_result = MagicMock()
+        mock_result.returns_rows = True
+        mock_result.keys.return_value = ["val"]
+        mock_result.fetchall.return_value = [(1,)]
+        mock_session.execute.return_value = mock_result
+
+        mock_session_cls = MagicMock(return_value=mock_session)
+
+        with (
+            patch("crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool.create_engine"),
+            patch(
+                "crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool.sessionmaker",
+                return_value=mock_session_cls,
+            ),
+        ):
+            tool.execute_sql("SELECT 1")
+
+        mock_session.commit.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_write_with_dml_enabled_does_commit(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+
+        mock_session = MagicMock()
+        mock_result = MagicMock()
+        mock_result.returns_rows = False
+        mock_session.execute.return_value = mock_result
+
+        mock_session_cls = MagicMock(return_value=mock_session)
+
+        with (
+            patch("crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool.create_engine"),
+            patch(
+                "crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool.sessionmaker",
+                return_value=mock_session_cls,
+            ),
+        ):
+            tool.execute_sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)")
+
+        mock_session.commit.assert_called_once()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Environment-variable escape hatch
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestEnvVarEscapeHatch:
+    def test_env_var_enables_dml(self):
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML": "true"}):
+            tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        assert tool.allow_dml is True
+
+    def test_env_var_case_insensitive(self):
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML": "TRUE"}):
+            tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        assert tool.allow_dml is True
+
+    def test_env_var_absent_keeps_default(self):
+        env = {k: v for k, v in os.environ.items() if k != "CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML"}
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, env, clear=True):
+            tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        assert tool.allow_dml is False
+
+    def test_env_var_false_does_not_enable_dml(self):
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML": "false"}):
+            tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        assert tool.allow_dml is False
+
+    def test_dml_write_blocked_without_env_var(self):
+        env = {k: v for k, v in os.environ.items() if k != "CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML"}
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, env, clear=True):
+            tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query("DROP TABLE sensitive_data")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _run() propagates ValueError from _validate_query
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestRunValidation:
+    def test_run_raises_on_blocked_query(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._run("DELETE FROM users")
+
+    def test_run_returns_results_for_select(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        result = tool._run("SELECT 1 AS n")
+        assert result == [{"n": 1}]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Multi-statement / semicolon injection prevention
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestSemicolonInjection:
+    def test_multi_statement_blocked_in_read_only_mode(self):
+        """SELECT 1; DROP TABLE users must be rejected when allow_dml=False."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="multi-statement"):
+            tool._validate_query("SELECT 1; DROP TABLE users")
+
+    def test_multi_statement_blocked_even_with_only_selects(self):
+        """Two SELECT statements are still rejected in read-only mode."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="multi-statement"):
+            tool._validate_query("SELECT 1; SELECT 2")
+
+    def test_trailing_semicolon_allowed_single_statement(self):
+        """A single statement with a trailing semicolon should pass."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        # Should not raise — the part after the semicolon is empty
+        tool._validate_query("SELECT 1;")
+
+    def test_multi_statement_allowed_when_dml_enabled(self):
+        """Multiple statements are permitted when allow_dml=True."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+        # Should not raise
+        tool._validate_query("SELECT 1; INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)")
+
+    def test_multi_statement_write_still_blocked_individually(self):
+        """Even with allow_dml=False, a single write statement is blocked."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query("DROP TABLE users")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Writable CTEs (WITH … DELETE/INSERT/UPDATE)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestWritableCTE:
+    def test_writable_cte_delete_blocked_in_read_only(self):
+        """WITH d AS (DELETE FROM users RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM d — blocked."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query(
+                "WITH deleted AS (DELETE FROM users RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM deleted"
+            )
+
+    def test_writable_cte_insert_blocked_in_read_only(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query(
+                "WITH ins AS (INSERT INTO t VALUES (1) RETURNING id) SELECT * FROM ins"
+            )
+
+    def test_writable_cte_update_blocked_in_read_only(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query(
+                "WITH upd AS (UPDATE t SET x=1 RETURNING id) SELECT * FROM upd"
+            )
+
+    def test_writable_cte_allowed_when_dml_enabled(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+        # Should not raise
+        tool._validate_query(
+            "WITH deleted AS (DELETE FROM users RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM deleted"
+        )
+
+    def test_plain_read_only_cte_still_allowed(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        # No write commands in the CTE body — must pass
+        tool._validate_query("WITH cte AS (SELECT id FROM users) SELECT * FROM cte")
+
+    def test_cte_with_comment_column_not_false_positive(self):
+        """Column named 'comment' should NOT trigger writable CTE detection."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        # 'comment' is a column name, not a SQL command
+        tool._validate_query(
+            "WITH cte AS (SELECT comment FROM posts) SELECT * FROM cte"
+        )
+
+    def test_cte_with_set_column_not_false_positive(self):
+        """Column named 'set' should NOT trigger writable CTE detection."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        tool._validate_query(
+            "WITH cte AS (SELECT set, reset FROM config) SELECT * FROM cte"
+        )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# EXPLAIN ANALYZE executes the underlying query
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+    def test_cte_with_write_main_query_blocked(self):
+        """WITH cte AS (SELECT 1) DELETE FROM users — main query must be caught."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query(
+                "WITH cte AS (SELECT 1) DELETE FROM users"
+            )
+
+    def test_cte_with_write_main_query_allowed_with_dml(self):
+        """Main query write after CTE should pass when allow_dml=True."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+        tool._validate_query(
+            "WITH cte AS (SELECT id FROM users) INSERT INTO archive SELECT * FROM cte"
+        )
+
+    def test_cte_with_newline_before_paren_blocked(self):
+        """AS followed by newline then ( should still detect writable CTE."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query(
+                "WITH cte AS\n(DELETE FROM users RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte"
+            )
+
+    def test_cte_with_tab_before_paren_blocked(self):
+        """AS followed by tab then ( should still detect writable CTE."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query(
+                "WITH cte AS\t(DELETE FROM users RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte"
+            )
+
+
+class TestExplainAnalyze:
+    def test_explain_analyze_delete_blocked_in_read_only(self):
+        """EXPLAIN ANALYZE DELETE actually runs the delete — block it."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN ANALYZE DELETE FROM users")
+
+    def test_explain_analyse_delete_blocked_in_read_only(self):
+        """British spelling ANALYSE is also caught."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN ANALYSE DELETE FROM users")
+
+    def test_explain_analyze_drop_blocked_in_read_only(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN ANALYZE DROP TABLE users")
+
+    def test_explain_analyze_select_allowed_in_read_only(self):
+        """EXPLAIN ANALYZE on a SELECT is safe — must be permitted."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM users")
+
+    def test_explain_without_analyze_allowed(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM users")
+
+    def test_explain_analyze_delete_allowed_when_dml_enabled(self):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+        tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN ANALYZE DELETE FROM users")
+
+    def test_explain_paren_analyze_delete_blocked_in_read_only(self):
+        """EXPLAIN (ANALYZE) DELETE actually runs the delete — block it."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN (ANALYZE) DELETE FROM users")
+
+    def test_explain_paren_analyze_verbose_delete_blocked_in_read_only(self):
+        """EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, VERBOSE) DELETE actually runs the delete — block it."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, VERBOSE) DELETE FROM users")
+
+    def test_explain_paren_verbose_select_allowed_in_read_only(self):
+        """EXPLAIN (VERBOSE) SELECT is safe — no ANALYZE means no execution."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN (VERBOSE) SELECT * FROM users")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Multi-statement commit covers ALL statements (not just the first)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestMultiStatementCommit:
+    def test_select_then_insert_triggers_commit(self):
+        """SELECT 1; INSERT … — commit must happen because INSERT is a write."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+
+        mock_session = MagicMock()
+        mock_result = MagicMock()
+        mock_result.returns_rows = False
+        mock_session.execute.return_value = mock_result
+        mock_session_cls = MagicMock(return_value=mock_session)
+
+        with (
+            patch("crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool.create_engine"),
+            patch(
+                "crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool.sessionmaker",
+                return_value=mock_session_cls,
+            ),
+        ):
+            tool.execute_sql("SELECT 1; INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)")
+
+        mock_session.commit.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_select_only_multi_statement_does_not_commit(self):
+        """Two SELECTs must not trigger a commit even when allow_dml=True."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+
+        mock_session = MagicMock()
+        mock_result = MagicMock()
+        mock_result.returns_rows = True
+        mock_result.keys.return_value = ["v"]
+        mock_result.fetchall.return_value = [(1,)]
+        mock_session.execute.return_value = mock_result
+        mock_session_cls = MagicMock(return_value=mock_session)
+
+        with (
+            patch("crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool.create_engine"),
+            patch(
+                "crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool.sessionmaker",
+                return_value=mock_session_cls,
+            ),
+        ):
+            tool.execute_sql("SELECT 1; SELECT 2")
+
+    def test_writable_cte_triggers_commit(self):
+        """WITH d AS (DELETE ...) must trigger commit when allow_dml=True."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+
+        mock_session = MagicMock()
+        mock_result = MagicMock()
+        mock_result.returns_rows = True
+        mock_result.keys.return_value = ["id"]
+        mock_result.fetchall.return_value = [(1,)]
+        mock_session.execute.return_value = mock_result
+        mock_session_cls = MagicMock(return_value=mock_session)
+
+        with (
+            patch("crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool.create_engine"),
+            patch(
+                "crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool.sessionmaker",
+                return_value=mock_session_cls,
+            ),
+        ):
+            tool.execute_sql(
+                "WITH d AS (DELETE FROM users RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM d"
+            )
+            mock_session.commit.assert_called_once()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Extended _WRITE_COMMANDS coverage
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestExtendedWriteCommands:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "stmt",
+        [
+            "UPSERT INTO t VALUES (1)",
+            "LOAD DATA INFILE 'f.csv' INTO TABLE t",
+            "COPY t FROM '/tmp/f.csv'",
+            "VACUUM ANALYZE t",
+            "ANALYZE t",
+            "ANALYSE t",
+            "REINDEX TABLE t",
+            "CLUSTER t USING idx",
+            "REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW v",
+            "COMMENT ON TABLE t IS 'desc'",
+            "SET search_path = myschema",
+            "RESET search_path",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_extended_write_commands_blocked_by_default(self, stmt: str):
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query(stmt)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# EXPLAIN ANALYZE VERBOSE handling
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestExplainAnalyzeVerbose:
+    def test_explain_analyze_verbose_select_allowed(self):
+        """EXPLAIN ANALYZE VERBOSE SELECT should be allowed (read-only)."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN ANALYZE VERBOSE SELECT * FROM users")
+
+    def test_explain_analyze_verbose_delete_blocked(self):
+        """EXPLAIN ANALYZE VERBOSE DELETE should be blocked."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN ANALYZE VERBOSE DELETE FROM users")
+
+    def test_explain_verbose_select_allowed(self):
+        """EXPLAIN VERBOSE SELECT (no ANALYZE) should be allowed."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        tool._validate_query("EXPLAIN VERBOSE SELECT * FROM users")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# CTE with string literal parens
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestCTEStringLiteralParens:
+    def test_cte_string_paren_does_not_bypass(self):
+        """Parens inside string literals should not confuse the paren walker."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query(
+                "WITH cte AS (SELECT '(' FROM t) DELETE FROM users"
+            )
+
+    def test_cte_string_paren_read_only_allowed(self):
+        """Read-only CTE with string literal parens should be allowed."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        tool._validate_query(
+            "WITH cte AS (SELECT '(' FROM t) SELECT * FROM cte"
+        )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# EXPLAIN ANALYZE commit logic
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestExplainAnalyzeCommit:
+    def test_explain_analyze_delete_triggers_commit(self):
+        """EXPLAIN ANALYZE DELETE should trigger commit when allow_dml=True."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=True)
+
+        mock_session = MagicMock()
+        mock_result = MagicMock()
+        mock_result.returns_rows = True
+        mock_result.keys.return_value = ["QUERY PLAN"]
+        mock_result.fetchall.return_value = [("Delete on users",)]
+        mock_session.execute.return_value = mock_result
+        mock_session_cls = MagicMock(return_value=mock_session)
+
+        with (
+            patch("crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool.create_engine"),
+            patch(
+                "crewai_tools.tools.nl2sql.nl2sql_tool.sessionmaker",
+                return_value=mock_session_cls,
+            ),
+        ):
+            tool.execute_sql("EXPLAIN ANALYZE DELETE FROM users")
+            mock_session.commit.assert_called_once()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AS( inside string literals must not confuse CTE detection
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestCTEStringLiteralAS:
+    def test_as_paren_inside_string_does_not_bypass(self):
+        """'AS (' inside a string literal must not be treated as a CTE body."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="read-only mode"):
+            tool._validate_query(
+                "WITH cte AS (SELECT 'AS (' FROM t) DELETE FROM users"
+            )
+
+    def test_as_paren_inside_string_read_only_ok(self):
+        """Read-only CTE with 'AS (' in a string should be allowed."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        tool._validate_query(
+            "WITH cte AS (SELECT 'AS (' FROM t) SELECT * FROM cte"
+        )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Unknown command after CTE should be blocked
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestCTEUnknownCommand:
+    def test_unknown_command_after_cte_blocked(self):
+        """WITH cte AS (SELECT 1) FOOBAR should be blocked as unknown."""
+        tool = _make_tool(allow_dml=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="unrecognised"):
+            tool._validate_query("WITH cte AS (SELECT 1) FOOBAR")

lib/crewai-tools/tool.specs.json

@@ -14051,7 +14051,7 @@
       }
     },
     {
-      "description": "Converts natural language to SQL queries and executes them.",
+      "description": "Converts natural language to SQL queries and executes them against a database. Read-only by default \u2014 only SELECT/SHOW/DESCRIBE/EXPLAIN queries (and read-only CTEs) are allowed unless configured with allow_dml=True.",
       "env_vars": [],
       "humanized_name": "NL2SQLTool",
       "init_params_schema": {
@@ -14092,7 +14092,14 @@
             "type": "object"
           }
         },
+        "description": "Tool that converts natural language to SQL and executes it against a database.\n\nBy default the tool operates in **read-only mode**: only SELECT, SHOW,\nDESCRIBE, EXPLAIN, and read-only CTEs (WITH \u2026 SELECT) are permitted.  Write\noperations (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP, ALTER, CREATE, TRUNCATE, \u2026) are\nblocked unless ``allow_dml=True`` is set explicitly or the environment\nvariable ``CREWAI_NL2SQL_ALLOW_DML=true`` is present.\n\nWritable CTEs (``WITH d AS (DELETE \u2026) SELECT \u2026``) and\n``EXPLAIN ANALYZE <write-stmt>`` are treated as write operations and are\nblocked in read-only mode.\n\nThe ``_fetch_all_available_columns`` helper uses parameterised queries so\nthat table names coming from the database catalogue cannot be used as an\ninjection vector.",
         "properties": {
+          "allow_dml": {
+            "default": false,
+            "description": "When False (default) only read statements are permitted. Set to True to allow INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/DROP and other write operations.",
+            "title": "Allow DML",
+            "type": "boolean"
+          },
           "columns": {
             "additionalProperties": {
               "anyOf": [

lib/crewai/pyproject.toml

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Repository = "https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI"
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 tools = [
-    "crewai-tools==1.14.1rc1",
+    "crewai-tools==1.14.2a1",
 ]
 embeddings = [
     "tiktoken~=0.8.0"

lib/crewai/src/crewai/__init__.py

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def _suppress_pydantic_deprecation_warnings() -> None:
 
 _suppress_pydantic_deprecation_warnings()
 
-__version__ = "1.14.1rc1"
+__version__ = "1.14.2a1"
 _telemetry_submitted = False
 
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agent/core.py

@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ from crewai.utilities.converter import Converter, ConverterError
 from crewai.utilities.env import get_env_context
 from crewai.utilities.guardrail import process_guardrail
 from crewai.utilities.guardrail_types import GuardrailCallable, GuardrailType
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.llm_utils import create_llm
 from crewai.utilities.prompts import Prompts, StandardPromptResult, SystemPromptResult
 from crewai.utilities.pydantic_schema_utils import generate_model_description
@@ -499,8 +500,8 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
             self.tools_handler.last_used_tool = None
 
         task_prompt = task.prompt()
-        task_prompt = build_task_prompt_with_schema(task, task_prompt, self.i18n)
-        task_prompt = format_task_with_context(task_prompt, context, self.i18n)
+        task_prompt = build_task_prompt_with_schema(task, task_prompt)
+        task_prompt = format_task_with_context(task_prompt, context)
         return self._retrieve_memory_context(task, task_prompt)
 
     def _finalize_task_prompt(
@@ -562,7 +563,7 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
                         m.format() for m in matches
                     )
             if memory.strip() != "":
-                task_prompt += self.i18n.slice("memory").format(memory=memory)
+                task_prompt += I18N_DEFAULT.slice("memory").format(memory=memory)
 
             crewai_event_bus.emit(
                 self,
@@ -968,14 +969,13 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
             agent=self,
             has_tools=len(raw_tools) > 0,
             use_native_tool_calling=use_native_tool_calling,
-            i18n=self.i18n,
             use_system_prompt=self.use_system_prompt,
             system_template=self.system_template,
             prompt_template=self.prompt_template,
             response_template=self.response_template,
         ).task_execution()
 
-        stop_words = [self.i18n.slice("observation")]
+        stop_words = [I18N_DEFAULT.slice("observation")]
         if self.response_template:
             stop_words.append(
                 self.response_template.split("{{ .Response }}")[1].strip()
@@ -1017,7 +1017,6 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
             self.agent_executor = self.executor_class(
                 llm=self.llm,
                 task=task,
-                i18n=self.i18n,
                 agent=self,
                 crew=self.crew,
                 tools=parsed_tools,
@@ -1162,9 +1161,19 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
 
         return task_prompt
 
-    def _use_trained_data(self, task_prompt: str) -> str:
-        """Use trained data for the agent task prompt to improve output."""
-        if data := CrewTrainingHandler(TRAINED_AGENTS_DATA_FILE).load():
+    def _use_trained_data(
+        self, task_prompt: str, trained_agents_data_file: str | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """Use trained data for the agent task prompt to improve output.
+
+        Args:
+            task_prompt: The task prompt to augment.
+            trained_agents_data_file: Optional path to the trained agents data
+                file. Falls back to the default ``TRAINED_AGENTS_DATA_FILE``
+                when not provided.
+        """
+        filename = trained_agents_data_file or TRAINED_AGENTS_DATA_FILE
+        if data := CrewTrainingHandler(filename).load():
             if trained_data_output := data.get(self.role):
                 task_prompt += (
                     "\n\nYou MUST follow these instructions: \n - "
@@ -1262,10 +1271,10 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
                 from_agent=self,
             ),
         )
-        query = self.i18n.slice("knowledge_search_query").format(
+        query = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("knowledge_search_query").format(
             task_prompt=task_prompt
         )
-        rewriter_prompt = self.i18n.slice("knowledge_search_query_system_prompt")
+        rewriter_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("knowledge_search_query_system_prompt")
         if not isinstance(self.llm, BaseLLM):
             self._logger.log(
                 "warning",
@@ -1384,7 +1393,6 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
             request_within_rpm_limit=rpm_limit_fn,
             callbacks=[TokenCalcHandler(self._token_process)],
             response_model=response_format,
-            i18n=self.i18n,
         )
 
         all_files: dict[str, Any] = {}
@@ -1420,7 +1428,7 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
                         m.format() for m in matches
                     )
                 if memory_block:
-                    formatted_messages += "\n\n" + self.i18n.slice("memory").format(
+                    formatted_messages += "\n\n" + I18N_DEFAULT.slice("memory").format(
                         memory=memory_block
                     )
                 crewai_event_bus.emit(
@@ -1624,7 +1632,7 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
             try:
                 model_schema = generate_model_description(response_format)
                 schema = json.dumps(model_schema, indent=2)
-                instructions = self.i18n.slice("formatted_task_instructions").format(
+                instructions = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("formatted_task_instructions").format(
                     output_format=schema
                 )
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agent/utils.py

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.agent.core import Agent
     from crewai.task import Task
     from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool
-    from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N
 
 
 def handle_reasoning(agent: Agent, task: Task) -> None:
@@ -59,46 +58,50 @@ def handle_reasoning(agent: Agent, task: Task) -> None:
         agent._logger.log("error", f"Error during planning: {e!s}")
 
 
-def build_task_prompt_with_schema(task: Task, task_prompt: str, i18n: I18N) -> str:
+def build_task_prompt_with_schema(task: Task, task_prompt: str) -> str:
     """Build task prompt with JSON/Pydantic schema instructions if applicable.
 
     Args:
         task: The task being executed.
         task_prompt: The initial task prompt.
-        i18n: Internationalization instance.
 
     Returns:
         The task prompt potentially augmented with schema instructions.
     """
+    from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
+
     if (task.output_json or task.output_pydantic) and not task.response_model:
         if task.output_json:
             schema_dict = generate_model_description(task.output_json)
             schema = json.dumps(schema_dict["json_schema"]["schema"], indent=2)
-            task_prompt += "\n" + i18n.slice("formatted_task_instructions").format(
-                output_format=schema
-            )
+            task_prompt += "\n" + I18N_DEFAULT.slice(
+                "formatted_task_instructions"
+            ).format(output_format=schema)
         elif task.output_pydantic:
             schema_dict = generate_model_description(task.output_pydantic)
             schema = json.dumps(schema_dict["json_schema"]["schema"], indent=2)
-            task_prompt += "\n" + i18n.slice("formatted_task_instructions").format(
-                output_format=schema
-            )
+            task_prompt += "\n" + I18N_DEFAULT.slice(
+                "formatted_task_instructions"
+            ).format(output_format=schema)
     return task_prompt
 
 
-def format_task_with_context(task_prompt: str, context: str | None, i18n: I18N) -> str:
+def format_task_with_context(task_prompt: str, context: str | None) -> str:
     """Format task prompt with context if provided.
 
     Args:
         task_prompt: The task prompt.
         context: Optional context string.
-        i18n: Internationalization instance.
 
     Returns:
         The task prompt formatted with context if provided.
     """
+    from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
+
     if context:
-        return i18n.slice("task_with_context").format(task=task_prompt, context=context)
+        return I18N_DEFAULT.slice("task_with_context").format(
+            task=task_prompt, context=context
+        )
     return task_prompt
 
 
@@ -247,7 +250,13 @@ def apply_training_data(agent: Agent, task_prompt: str) -> str:
     """
     if agent.crew and not isinstance(agent.crew, str) and agent.crew._train:
         return agent._training_handler(task_prompt=task_prompt)
-    return agent._use_trained_data(task_prompt=task_prompt)
+    trained_agents_data_file = (
+        agent.crew.trained_agents_data_file if agent.crew else None
+    )
+    return agent._use_trained_data(
+        task_prompt=task_prompt,
+        trained_agents_data_file=trained_agents_data_file,
+    )
 
 
 def process_tool_results(agent: Agent, result: Any) -> Any:

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/agent_adapters/langgraph/langgraph_adapter.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool
 from crewai.types.callback import SerializableCallable
 from crewai.utilities import Logger
 from crewai.utilities.converter import Converter
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.import_utils import require
 
 
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ class LangGraphAgentAdapter(BaseAgentAdapter):
             task_prompt = task.prompt() if hasattr(task, "prompt") else str(task)
 
             if context:
-                task_prompt = self.i18n.slice("task_with_context").format(
+                task_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("task_with_context").format(
                     task=task_prompt, context=context
                 )
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/agent_adapters/openai_agents/openai_adapter.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from crewai.events.types.agent_events import (
 from crewai.tools import BaseTool
 from crewai.tools.agent_tools.agent_tools import AgentTools
 from crewai.utilities import Logger
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.import_utils import require
 
 
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ class OpenAIAgentAdapter(BaseAgentAdapter):
         try:
             task_prompt: str = task.prompt()
             if context:
-                task_prompt = self.i18n.slice("task_with_context").format(
+                task_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("task_with_context").format(
                     task=task_prompt, context=context
                 )
             crewai_event_bus.emit(

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/agent_adapters/openai_agents/structured_output_converter.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import json
 from typing import Any
 
 from crewai.agents.agent_adapters.base_converter_adapter import BaseConverterAdapter
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 
 
 class OpenAIConverterAdapter(BaseConverterAdapter):
@@ -59,10 +59,8 @@ class OpenAIConverterAdapter(BaseConverterAdapter):
         if not self._output_format:
             return base_prompt
 
-        output_schema: str = (
-            get_i18n()
-            .slice("formatted_task_instructions")
-            .format(output_format=json.dumps(self._schema, indent=2))
+        output_schema: str = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("formatted_task_instructions").format(
+            output_format=json.dumps(self._schema, indent=2)
         )
 
         return f"{base_prompt}\n\n{output_schema}"

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/agent_builder/base_agent.py

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ from crewai.state.checkpoint_config import CheckpointConfig, _coerce_checkpoint
 from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool, Tool
 from crewai.types.callback import SerializableCallable
 from crewai.utilities.config import process_config
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N, get_i18n
 from crewai.utilities.logger import Logger
 from crewai.utilities.rpm_controller import RPMController
 from crewai.utilities.string_utils import interpolate_only
@@ -52,7 +51,6 @@ from crewai.utilities.string_utils import interpolate_only
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.context import ExecutionContext
     from crewai.crew import Crew
-    from crewai.state.provider.core import BaseProvider
 
 
 def _validate_crew_ref(value: Any) -> Any:
@@ -179,7 +177,7 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC, metaclass=AgentMeta):
         agent_executor: An instance of the CrewAgentExecutor class.
         llm (Any): Language model that will run the agent.
         crew (Any): Crew to which the agent belongs.
-        i18n (I18N): Internationalization settings.
+
         cache_handler ([CacheHandler]): An instance of the CacheHandler class.
         tools_handler ([ToolsHandler]): An instance of the ToolsHandler class.
         max_tokens: Maximum number of tokens for the agent to generate in a response.
@@ -269,9 +267,6 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC, metaclass=AgentMeta):
             _serialize_crew_ref, return_type=str | None, when_used="always"
         ),
     ] = Field(default=None, description="Crew to which the agent belongs.")
-    i18n: I18N = Field(
-        default_factory=get_i18n, description="Internationalization settings."
-    )
     cache_handler: CacheHandler | None = Field(
         default=None, description="An instance of the CacheHandler class."
     )
@@ -342,19 +337,16 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC, metaclass=AgentMeta):
     execution_context: ExecutionContext | None = Field(default=None)
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_checkpoint(
-        cls, path: str, *, provider: BaseProvider | None = None
-    ) -> Self:
-        """Restore an Agent from a checkpoint file."""
+    def from_checkpoint(cls, config: CheckpointConfig) -> Self:
+        """Restore an Agent from a checkpoint.
+
+        Args:
+            config: Checkpoint configuration with ``restore_from`` set.
+        """
         from crewai.context import apply_execution_context
-        from crewai.state.provider.json_provider import JsonProvider
         from crewai.state.runtime import RuntimeState
 
-        state = RuntimeState.from_checkpoint(
-            path,
-            provider=provider or JsonProvider(),
-            context={"from_checkpoint": True},
-        )
+        state = RuntimeState.from_checkpoint(config, context={"from_checkpoint": True})
         for entity in state.root:
             if isinstance(entity, cls):
                 if entity.execution_context is not None:
@@ -363,7 +355,9 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC, metaclass=AgentMeta):
                     entity.agent_executor.agent = entity
                     entity.agent_executor._resuming = True
                 return entity
-        raise ValueError(f"No {cls.__name__} found in checkpoint: {path}")
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"No {cls.__name__} found in checkpoint: {config.restore_from}"
+        )
 
     @model_validator(mode="before")
     @classmethod

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/agent_builder/base_agent_executor.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.agents.agent_builder.base_agent import BaseAgent
     from crewai.crew import Crew
     from crewai.task import Task
-    from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N
 
 
 class BaseAgentExecutor(BaseModel):
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ class BaseAgentExecutor(BaseModel):
     max_iter: int = Field(default=25)
     messages: list[LLMMessage] = Field(default_factory=list)
     _resuming: bool = PrivateAttr(default=False)
-    _i18n: I18N | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
 
     def _save_to_memory(self, output: AgentFinish) -> None:
         """Save task result to unified memory (memory or crew._memory)."""

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/crew_agent_executor.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ from crewai.utilities.agent_utils import (
 )
 from crewai.utilities.constants import TRAINING_DATA_FILE
 from crewai.utilities.file_store import aget_all_files, get_all_files
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N, get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.printer import PRINTER
 from crewai.utilities.string_utils import sanitize_tool_name
 from crewai.utilities.token_counter_callback import TokenCalcHandler
@@ -135,9 +135,8 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True, populate_by_name=True)
 
-    def __init__(self, i18n: I18N | None = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
-        self._i18n = i18n or get_i18n()
         if not self.before_llm_call_hooks:
             self.before_llm_call_hooks.extend(get_before_llm_call_hooks())
         if not self.after_llm_call_hooks:
@@ -328,7 +327,6 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
                     formatted_answer = handle_max_iterations_exceeded(
                         formatted_answer,
                         printer=PRINTER,
-                        i18n=self._i18n,
                         messages=self.messages,
                         llm=cast("BaseLLM", self.llm),
                         callbacks=self.callbacks,
@@ -401,7 +399,6 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
                         agent_action=formatted_answer,
                         fingerprint_context=fingerprint_context,
                         tools=self.tools,
-                        i18n=self._i18n,
                         agent_key=self.agent.key if self.agent else None,
                         agent_role=self.agent.role if self.agent else None,
                         tools_handler=self.tools_handler,
@@ -438,7 +435,6 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
                         messages=self.messages,
                         llm=cast("BaseLLM", self.llm),
                         callbacks=self.callbacks,
-                        i18n=self._i18n,
                         verbose=self.agent.verbose,
                     )
                     continue
@@ -484,7 +480,6 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
                     formatted_answer = handle_max_iterations_exceeded(
                         None,
                         printer=PRINTER,
-                        i18n=self._i18n,
                         messages=self.messages,
                         llm=cast("BaseLLM", self.llm),
                         callbacks=self.callbacks,
@@ -575,7 +570,6 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
                         messages=self.messages,
                         llm=cast("BaseLLM", self.llm),
                         callbacks=self.callbacks,
-                        i18n=self._i18n,
                         verbose=self.agent.verbose,
                     )
                     continue
@@ -771,7 +765,7 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
                     if tool_finish:
                         return tool_finish
 
-                reasoning_prompt = self._i18n.slice("post_tool_reasoning")
+                reasoning_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("post_tool_reasoning")
                 reasoning_message: LLMMessage = {
                     "role": "user",
                     "content": reasoning_prompt,
@@ -795,7 +789,7 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
         if tool_finish:
             return tool_finish
 
-        reasoning_prompt = self._i18n.slice("post_tool_reasoning")
+        reasoning_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("post_tool_reasoning")
         reasoning_message = {
             "role": "user",
             "content": reasoning_prompt,
@@ -1170,7 +1164,6 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
                     formatted_answer = handle_max_iterations_exceeded(
                         formatted_answer,
                         printer=PRINTER,
-                        i18n=self._i18n,
                         messages=self.messages,
                         llm=cast("BaseLLM", self.llm),
                         callbacks=self.callbacks,
@@ -1242,7 +1235,6 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
                         agent_action=formatted_answer,
                         fingerprint_context=fingerprint_context,
                         tools=self.tools,
-                        i18n=self._i18n,
                         agent_key=self.agent.key if self.agent else None,
                         agent_role=self.agent.role if self.agent else None,
                         tools_handler=self.tools_handler,
@@ -1278,7 +1270,6 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
                         messages=self.messages,
                         llm=cast("BaseLLM", self.llm),
                         callbacks=self.callbacks,
-                        i18n=self._i18n,
                         verbose=self.agent.verbose,
                     )
                     continue
@@ -1318,7 +1309,6 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
                     formatted_answer = handle_max_iterations_exceeded(
                         None,
                         printer=PRINTER,
-                        i18n=self._i18n,
                         messages=self.messages,
                         llm=cast("BaseLLM", self.llm),
                         callbacks=self.callbacks,
@@ -1408,7 +1398,6 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
                         messages=self.messages,
                         llm=cast("BaseLLM", self.llm),
                         callbacks=self.callbacks,
-                        i18n=self._i18n,
                         verbose=self.agent.verbose,
                     )
                     continue
@@ -1467,7 +1456,7 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
             Updated action or final answer.
         """
         # Special case for add_image_tool
-        add_image_tool = self._i18n.tools("add_image")
+        add_image_tool = I18N_DEFAULT.tools("add_image")
         if (
             isinstance(add_image_tool, dict)
             and formatted_answer.tool.casefold().strip()
@@ -1673,5 +1662,5 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(BaseAgentExecutor):
             Formatted message dict.
         """
         return format_message_for_llm(
-            self._i18n.slice("feedback_instructions").format(feedback=feedback)
+            I18N_DEFAULT.slice("feedback_instructions").format(feedback=feedback)
         )

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/parser.py

@@ -19,10 +19,7 @@ from crewai.agents.constants import (
     MISSING_ACTION_INPUT_AFTER_ACTION_ERROR_MESSAGE,
     UNABLE_TO_REPAIR_JSON_RESULTS,
 )
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import get_i18n
-
-
-_I18N = get_i18n()
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT as _I18N
 
 
 @dataclass

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/planner_observer.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from crewai.events.types.observation_events import (
     StepObservationStartedEvent,
 )
 from crewai.utilities.agent_utils import extract_task_section
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N, get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.llm_utils import create_llm
 from crewai.utilities.planning_types import StepObservation, TodoItem
 from crewai.utilities.types import LLMMessage
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ class PlannerObserver:
         self.task = task
         self.kickoff_input = kickoff_input
         self.llm = self._resolve_llm()
-        self._i18n: I18N = get_i18n()
 
     def _resolve_llm(self) -> Any:
         """Resolve which LLM to use for observation/planning.
@@ -246,7 +245,7 @@ class PlannerObserver:
             task_desc = extract_task_section(self.kickoff_input)
             task_goal = "Complete the task successfully"
 
-        system_prompt = self._i18n.retrieve("planning", "observation_system_prompt")
+        system_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("planning", "observation_system_prompt")
 
         # Build context of what's been done
         completed_summary = ""
@@ -273,7 +272,9 @@ class PlannerObserver:
                 remaining_lines
             )
 
-        user_prompt = self._i18n.retrieve("planning", "observation_user_prompt").format(
+        user_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve(
+            "planning", "observation_user_prompt"
+        ).format(
             task_description=task_desc,
             task_goal=task_goal,
             completed_summary=completed_summary,

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/step_executor.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ from crewai.utilities.agent_utils import (
     process_llm_response,
     setup_native_tools,
 )
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N, get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.planning_types import TodoItem
 from crewai.utilities.printer import PRINTER
 from crewai.utilities.step_execution_context import StepExecutionContext, StepResult
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class StepExecutor:
         function_calling_llm: Optional separate LLM for function calling.
         request_within_rpm_limit: Optional RPM limit function.
         callbacks: Optional list of callbacks.
-        i18n: Optional i18n instance.
+
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ class StepExecutor:
         function_calling_llm: BaseLLM | None = None,
         request_within_rpm_limit: Callable[[], bool] | None = None,
         callbacks: list[Any] | None = None,
-        i18n: I18N | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.llm = llm
         self.tools = tools
@@ -108,7 +107,6 @@ class StepExecutor:
         self.function_calling_llm = function_calling_llm
         self.request_within_rpm_limit = request_within_rpm_limit
         self.callbacks = callbacks or []
-        self._i18n: I18N = i18n or get_i18n()
 
         # Native tool support — set up once
         self._use_native_tools = check_native_tool_support(
@@ -221,14 +219,14 @@ class StepExecutor:
         tools_section = ""
         if self.tools and not self._use_native_tools:
             tool_names = ", ".join(sanitize_tool_name(t.name) for t in self.tools)
-            tools_section = self._i18n.retrieve(
+            tools_section = I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve(
                 "planning", "step_executor_tools_section"
             ).format(tool_names=tool_names)
         elif self.tools:
             tool_names = ", ".join(sanitize_tool_name(t.name) for t in self.tools)
             tools_section = f"\n\nAvailable tools: {tool_names}"
 
-        return self._i18n.retrieve("planning", "step_executor_system_prompt").format(
+        return I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("planning", "step_executor_system_prompt").format(
             role=role,
             backstory=backstory,
             goal=goal,
@@ -247,7 +245,7 @@ class StepExecutor:
             task_section = extract_task_section(context.task_description)
             if task_section:
                 parts.append(
-                    self._i18n.retrieve(
+                    I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve(
                         "planning", "step_executor_task_context"
                     ).format(
                         task_context=task_section,
@@ -255,14 +253,16 @@ class StepExecutor:
                 )
 
         parts.append(
-            self._i18n.retrieve("planning", "step_executor_user_prompt").format(
+            I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("planning", "step_executor_user_prompt").format(
                 step_description=todo.description,
             )
         )
 
         if todo.tool_to_use:
             parts.append(
-                self._i18n.retrieve("planning", "step_executor_suggested_tool").format(
+                I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve(
+                    "planning", "step_executor_suggested_tool"
+                ).format(
                     tool_to_use=todo.tool_to_use,
                 )
             )
@@ -270,16 +270,16 @@ class StepExecutor:
         # Include dependency results (final results only, no traces)
         if context.dependency_results:
             parts.append(
-                self._i18n.retrieve("planning", "step_executor_context_header")
+                I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("planning", "step_executor_context_header")
             )
             for step_num, result in sorted(context.dependency_results.items()):
                 parts.append(
-                    self._i18n.retrieve(
+                    I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve(
                         "planning", "step_executor_context_entry"
                     ).format(step_number=step_num, result=result)
                 )
 
-        parts.append(self._i18n.retrieve("planning", "step_executor_complete_step"))
+        parts.append(I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("planning", "step_executor_complete_step"))
 
         return "\n".join(parts)
 
@@ -375,7 +375,6 @@ class StepExecutor:
                 agent_action=formatted,
                 fingerprint_context=fingerprint_context,
                 tools=self.tools,
-                i18n=self._i18n,
                 agent_key=self.agent.key if self.agent else None,
                 agent_role=self.agent.role if self.agent else None,
                 tools_handler=self.tools_handler,

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/checkpoint_tui.py

@@ -353,8 +353,9 @@ async def _run_checkpoint_tui_async(location: str) -> None:
     click.echo(f"\nResuming from: {selected}\n")
 
     from crewai.crew import Crew
+    from crewai.state.checkpoint_config import CheckpointConfig
 
-    crew = Crew.from_checkpoint(selected)
+    crew = Crew.from_checkpoint(CheckpointConfig(restore_from=selected))
     result = await crew.akickoff()
     click.echo(f"\nResult: {getattr(result, 'raw', result)}")
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/crew_chat.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from packaging import version
 import tomli
 
 from crewai.cli.utils import read_toml
-from crewai.cli.version import get_crewai_version
 from crewai.crew import Crew
 from crewai.llm import LLM
 from crewai.llms.base_llm import BaseLLM
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ from crewai.types.crew_chat import ChatInputField, ChatInputs
 from crewai.utilities.llm_utils import create_llm
 from crewai.utilities.printer import PRINTER
 from crewai.utilities.types import LLMMessage
+from crewai.utilities.version import get_crewai_version
 
 
 MIN_REQUIRED_VERSION: Final[Literal["0.98.0"]] = "0.98.0"

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/enterprise/main.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from rich.console import Console
 from crewai.cli.authentication.main import Oauth2Settings, ProviderFactory
 from crewai.cli.command import BaseCommand
 from crewai.cli.settings.main import SettingsCommand
-from crewai.cli.version import get_crewai_version
+from crewai.utilities.version import get_crewai_version
 
 
 console = Console()

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/plus_api.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import httpx
 
 from crewai.cli.config import Settings
 from crewai.cli.constants import DEFAULT_CREWAI_ENTERPRISE_URL
-from crewai.cli.version import get_crewai_version
+from crewai.utilities.version import get_crewai_version
 
 
 class PlusAPI:

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/run_crew.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import click
 from packaging import version
 
 from crewai.cli.utils import build_env_with_all_tool_credentials, read_toml
-from crewai.cli.version import get_crewai_version
+from crewai.utilities.version import get_crewai_version
 
 
 class CrewType(Enum):

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/templates/crew/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description = "{{name}} using crewAI"
 authors = [{ name = "Your Name", email = "you@example.com" }]
 requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.14"
 dependencies = [
-    "crewai[tools]==1.14.1rc1"
+    "crewai[tools]==1.14.2a1"
 ]
 
 [project.scripts]

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/templates/flow/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description = "{{name}} using crewAI"
 authors = [{ name = "Your Name", email = "you@example.com" }]
 requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.14"
 dependencies = [
-    "crewai[tools]==1.14.1rc1"
+    "crewai[tools]==1.14.2a1"
 ]
 
 [project.scripts]

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/templates/tool/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description = "Power up your crews with {{folder_name}}"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.14"
 dependencies = [
-    "crewai[tools]==1.14.1rc1"
+    "crewai[tools]==1.14.2a1"
 ]
 
 [tool.crewai]

lib/crewai/src/crewai/cli/version.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 from collections.abc import Mapping
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from functools import lru_cache
-import importlib.metadata
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
@@ -13,6 +12,8 @@ from urllib.error import URLError
 import appdirs
 from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version, parse
 
+from crewai.utilities.version import get_crewai_version
+
 
 @lru_cache(maxsize=1)
 def _get_cache_file() -> Path:
@@ -25,11 +26,6 @@ def _get_cache_file() -> Path:
     return cache_dir / "version_cache.json"
 
 
-def get_crewai_version() -> str:
-    """Get the version number of CrewAI running the CLI."""
-    return importlib.metadata.version("crewai")
-
-
 def _is_cache_valid(cache_data: Mapping[str, Any]) -> bool:
     """Check if the cache is still valid, less than 24 hours old."""
     if "timestamp" not in cache_data:

lib/crewai/src/crewai/crew.py

@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from opentelemetry.trace import Span
 
     from crewai.context import ExecutionContext
-    from crewai.state.provider.core import BaseProvider
 
 try:
     from crewai_files import get_supported_content_types
@@ -104,7 +103,11 @@ from crewai.rag.types import SearchResult
 from crewai.security.fingerprint import Fingerprint
 from crewai.security.security_config import SecurityConfig
 from crewai.skills.models import Skill
-from crewai.state.checkpoint_config import CheckpointConfig, _coerce_checkpoint
+from crewai.state.checkpoint_config import (
+    CheckpointConfig,
+    _coerce_checkpoint,
+    apply_checkpoint,
+)
 from crewai.task import Task
 from crewai.tasks.conditional_task import ConditionalTask
 from crewai.tasks.task_output import TaskOutput
@@ -114,7 +117,11 @@ from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool
 from crewai.types.callback import SerializableCallable
 from crewai.types.streaming import CrewStreamingOutput
 from crewai.types.usage_metrics import UsageMetrics
-from crewai.utilities.constants import NOT_SPECIFIED, TRAINING_DATA_FILE
+from crewai.utilities.constants import (
+    NOT_SPECIFIED,
+    TRAINED_AGENTS_DATA_FILE,
+    TRAINING_DATA_FILE,
+)
 from crewai.utilities.crew.models import CrewContext
 from crewai.utilities.env import get_env_context
 from crewai.utilities.evaluators.crew_evaluator_handler import CrewEvaluator
@@ -358,6 +365,14 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         default=None,
         description="Whether to enable tracing for the crew. True=always enable, False=always disable, None=check environment/user settings.",
     )
+    trained_agents_data_file: str = Field(
+        default=TRAINED_AGENTS_DATA_FILE,
+        description=(
+            "Path to the file containing trained agent suggestions. "
+            "Defaults to 'trained_agents_data.pkl'. Set this to match the "
+            "custom filename used during training (e.g., via `crewai train -f`)."
+        ),
+    )
 
     execution_context: ExecutionContext | None = Field(default=None)
     checkpoint_inputs: dict[str, Any] | None = Field(default=None)
@@ -365,32 +380,21 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
     checkpoint_kickoff_event_id: str | None = Field(default=None)
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_checkpoint(
-        cls, path: str, *, provider: BaseProvider | None = None
-    ) -> Crew:
-        """Restore a Crew from a checkpoint file, ready to resume via kickoff().
+    def from_checkpoint(cls, config: CheckpointConfig) -> Crew:
+        """Restore a Crew from a checkpoint, ready to resume via kickoff().
 
         Args:
-            path: Path to a checkpoint JSON file.
-            provider: Storage backend to read from. Defaults to JsonProvider.
+            config: Checkpoint configuration with ``restore_from`` set to
+                the path of the checkpoint to load.
 
         Returns:
             A Crew instance. Call kickoff() to resume from the last completed task.
         """
         from crewai.context import apply_execution_context
         from crewai.events.event_bus import crewai_event_bus
-        from crewai.state.provider.json_provider import JsonProvider
-        from crewai.state.provider.utils import detect_provider
         from crewai.state.runtime import RuntimeState
 
-        if provider is None:
-            provider = detect_provider(path)
-
-        state = RuntimeState.from_checkpoint(
-            path,
-            provider=provider or JsonProvider(),
-            context={"from_checkpoint": True},
-        )
+        state = RuntimeState.from_checkpoint(config, context={"from_checkpoint": True})
         crewai_event_bus.set_runtime_state(state)
         for entity in state.root:
             if isinstance(entity, cls):
@@ -398,7 +402,32 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
                     apply_execution_context(entity.execution_context)
                 entity._restore_runtime()
                 return entity
-        raise ValueError(f"No Crew found in checkpoint: {path}")
+        raise ValueError(f"No Crew found in checkpoint: {config.restore_from}")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fork(
+        cls,
+        config: CheckpointConfig,
+        branch: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Crew:
+        """Fork a Crew from a checkpoint, creating a new execution branch.
+
+        Args:
+            config: Checkpoint configuration with ``restore_from`` set.
+            branch: Branch label for the fork. Auto-generated if not provided.
+
+        Returns:
+            A Crew instance on the new branch. Call kickoff() to run.
+        """
+        crew = cls.from_checkpoint(config)
+        state = crewai_event_bus._runtime_state
+        if state is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Cannot fork: no runtime state on the event bus. "
+                "Ensure from_checkpoint() succeeded before calling fork()."
+            )
+        state.fork(branch)
+        return crew
 
     def _restore_runtime(self) -> None:
         """Re-create runtime objects after restoring from a checkpoint."""
@@ -854,16 +883,23 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         self,
         inputs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         input_files: dict[str, FileInput] | None = None,
+        from_checkpoint: CheckpointConfig | None = None,
     ) -> CrewOutput | CrewStreamingOutput:
         """Execute the crew's workflow.
 
         Args:
             inputs: Optional input dictionary for task interpolation.
             input_files: Optional dict of named file inputs for the crew.
+            from_checkpoint: Optional checkpoint config. If ``restore_from``
+                is set, the crew resumes from that checkpoint. Remaining
+                config fields enable checkpointing for the run.
 
         Returns:
             CrewOutput or CrewStreamingOutput if streaming is enabled.
         """
+        restored = apply_checkpoint(self, from_checkpoint)
+        if restored is not None:
+            return restored.kickoff(inputs=inputs, input_files=input_files)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
         get_env_context()
         if self.stream:
             enable_agent_streaming(self.agents)
@@ -976,12 +1012,15 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         self,
         inputs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         input_files: dict[str, FileInput] | None = None,
+        from_checkpoint: CheckpointConfig | None = None,
     ) -> CrewOutput | CrewStreamingOutput:
         """Asynchronous kickoff method to start the crew execution.
 
         Args:
             inputs: Optional input dictionary for task interpolation.
             input_files: Optional dict of named file inputs for the crew.
+            from_checkpoint: Optional checkpoint config. If ``restore_from``
+                is set, the crew resumes from that checkpoint.
 
         Returns:
             CrewOutput or CrewStreamingOutput if streaming is enabled.
@@ -990,6 +1029,9 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         to get stream chunks. After iteration completes, access the final result
         via .result.
         """
+        restored = apply_checkpoint(self, from_checkpoint)
+        if restored is not None:
+            return await restored.kickoff_async(inputs=inputs, input_files=input_files)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
         inputs = inputs or {}
 
         if self.stream:
@@ -1050,6 +1092,7 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         self,
         inputs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         input_files: dict[str, FileInput] | None = None,
+        from_checkpoint: CheckpointConfig | None = None,
     ) -> CrewOutput | CrewStreamingOutput:
         """Native async kickoff method using async task execution throughout.
 
@@ -1060,10 +1103,15 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         Args:
             inputs: Optional input dictionary for task interpolation.
             input_files: Optional dict of named file inputs for the crew.
+            from_checkpoint: Optional checkpoint config. If ``restore_from``
+                is set, the crew resumes from that checkpoint.
 
         Returns:
             CrewOutput or CrewStreamingOutput if streaming is enabled.
         """
+        restored = apply_checkpoint(self, from_checkpoint)
+        if restored is not None:
+            return await restored.akickoff(inputs=inputs, input_files=input_files)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
         if self.stream:
             enable_agent_streaming(self.agents)
             ctx = StreamingContext(use_async=True)

lib/crewai/src/crewai/events/listeners/tracing/trace_batch_manager.py

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ from crewai.cli.authentication.token import AuthError, get_auth_token
 from crewai.cli.config import Settings
 from crewai.cli.constants import DEFAULT_CREWAI_ENTERPRISE_URL
 from crewai.cli.plus_api import PlusAPI
-from crewai.cli.version import get_crewai_version
 from crewai.events.listeners.tracing.types import TraceEvent
 from crewai.events.listeners.tracing.utils import (
     get_user_id,
     is_tracing_enabled_in_context,
     should_auto_collect_first_time_traces,
 )
+from crewai.utilities.version import get_crewai_version
 
 
 logger = getLogger(__name__)

lib/crewai/src/crewai/events/listeners/tracing/trace_listener.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import uuid
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
 from crewai.cli.authentication.token import AuthError, get_auth_token
-from crewai.cli.version import get_crewai_version
 from crewai.events.base_event_listener import BaseEventListener
 from crewai.events.base_events import BaseEvent
 from crewai.events.event_bus import CrewAIEventsBus
@@ -127,6 +126,7 @@ from crewai.events.types.tool_usage_events import (
     ToolUsageStartedEvent,
 )
 from crewai.events.utils.console_formatter import ConsoleFormatter
+from crewai.utilities.version import get_crewai_version
 
 
 class TraceCollectionListener(BaseEventListener):

lib/crewai/src/crewai/experimental/agent_executor.py

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ from crewai.utilities.agent_utils import (
     track_delegation_if_needed,
 )
 from crewai.utilities.constants import TRAINING_DATA_FILE
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N, get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.planning_types import (
     PlanStep,
     StepObservation,
@@ -189,7 +189,6 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentExecutorState], BaseAgentExecutor):  # type: ignor
     )
     callbacks: list[Any] = Field(default_factory=list, exclude=True)
     response_model: type[BaseModel] | None = Field(default=None, exclude=True)
-    i18n: I18N | None = Field(default=None, exclude=True)
     log_error_after: int = Field(default=3, exclude=True)
     before_llm_call_hooks: list[BeforeLLMCallHookType | BeforeLLMCallHookCallable] = (
         Field(default_factory=list, exclude=True)
@@ -198,7 +197,6 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentExecutorState], BaseAgentExecutor):  # type: ignor
         default_factory=list, exclude=True
     )
 
-    _i18n: I18N = PrivateAttr(default_factory=get_i18n)
     _console: Console = PrivateAttr(default_factory=Console)
     _last_parser_error: OutputParserError | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
     _last_context_error: Exception | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
@@ -214,7 +212,6 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentExecutorState], BaseAgentExecutor):  # type: ignor
     @model_validator(mode="after")
     def _setup_executor(self) -> Self:
         """Configure executor after Pydantic field initialization."""
-        self._i18n = self.i18n or get_i18n()
         self.before_llm_call_hooks.extend(get_before_llm_call_hooks())
         self.after_llm_call_hooks.extend(get_after_llm_call_hooks())
 
@@ -363,7 +360,6 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentExecutorState], BaseAgentExecutor):  # type: ignor
                 function_calling_llm=self.function_calling_llm,
                 request_within_rpm_limit=self.request_within_rpm_limit,
                 callbacks=self.callbacks,
-                i18n=self._i18n,
             )
         return self._step_executor
 
@@ -1203,7 +1199,6 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentExecutorState], BaseAgentExecutor):  # type: ignor
         formatted_answer = handle_max_iterations_exceeded(
             formatted_answer=None,
             printer=PRINTER,
-            i18n=self._i18n,
             messages=list(self.state.messages),
             llm=self.llm,
             callbacks=self.callbacks,
@@ -1430,7 +1425,6 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentExecutorState], BaseAgentExecutor):  # type: ignor
                 agent_action=action,
                 fingerprint_context=fingerprint_context,
                 tools=self.tools,
-                i18n=self._i18n,
                 agent_key=self.agent.key if self.agent else None,
                 agent_role=self.agent.role if self.agent else None,
                 tools_handler=self.tools_handler,
@@ -1450,7 +1444,7 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentExecutorState], BaseAgentExecutor):  # type: ignor
             action.result = str(e)
             self._append_message_to_state(action.text)
 
-            reasoning_prompt = self._i18n.slice("post_tool_reasoning")
+            reasoning_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("post_tool_reasoning")
             reasoning_message: LLMMessage = {
                 "role": "user",
                 "content": reasoning_prompt,
@@ -1471,7 +1465,7 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentExecutorState], BaseAgentExecutor):  # type: ignor
             self.state.is_finished = True
             return "tool_result_is_final"
 
-        reasoning_prompt = self._i18n.slice("post_tool_reasoning")
+        reasoning_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("post_tool_reasoning")
         reasoning_message_post: LLMMessage = {
             "role": "user",
             "content": reasoning_prompt,
@@ -2222,10 +2216,10 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentExecutorState], BaseAgentExecutor):  # type: ignor
         # Build synthesis prompt
         role = self.agent.role if self.agent else "Assistant"
 
-        system_prompt = self._i18n.retrieve(
+        system_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve(
             "planning", "synthesis_system_prompt"
         ).format(role=role)
-        user_prompt = self._i18n.retrieve("planning", "synthesis_user_prompt").format(
+        user_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("planning", "synthesis_user_prompt").format(
             task_description=task_description,
             combined_steps=combined_steps,
         )
@@ -2472,7 +2466,7 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentExecutorState], BaseAgentExecutor):  # type: ignor
             self.task.description if self.task else getattr(self, "_kickoff_input", "")
         )
 
-        enhancement = self._i18n.retrieve(
+        enhancement = I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve(
             "planning", "replan_enhancement_prompt"
         ).format(previous_context=previous_context)
 
@@ -2535,7 +2529,6 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentExecutorState], BaseAgentExecutor):  # type: ignor
             messages=self.state.messages,
             llm=self.llm,
             callbacks=self.callbacks,
-            i18n=self._i18n,
             verbose=self.agent.verbose,
         )
 
@@ -2746,7 +2739,7 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentExecutorState], BaseAgentExecutor):  # type: ignor
         Returns:
             Updated action or final answer.
         """
-        add_image_tool = self._i18n.tools("add_image")
+        add_image_tool = I18N_DEFAULT.tools("add_image")
         if (
             isinstance(add_image_tool, dict)
             and formatted_answer.tool.casefold().strip()

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/flow.py

@@ -113,7 +113,11 @@ from crewai.flow.utils import (
 )
 from crewai.memory.memory_scope import MemoryScope, MemorySlice
 from crewai.memory.unified_memory import Memory
-from crewai.state.checkpoint_config import CheckpointConfig, _coerce_checkpoint
+from crewai.state.checkpoint_config import (
+    CheckpointConfig,
+    _coerce_checkpoint,
+    apply_checkpoint,
+)
 
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -122,7 +126,6 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.context import ExecutionContext
     from crewai.flow.async_feedback.types import PendingFeedbackContext
     from crewai.llms.base_llm import BaseLLM
-    from crewai.state.provider.core import BaseProvider
 
 from crewai.flow.visualization import build_flow_structure, render_interactive
 from crewai.types.streaming import CrewStreamingOutput, FlowStreamingOutput
@@ -928,20 +931,21 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
     ] = Field(default=None)
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_checkpoint(
-        cls, path: str, *, provider: BaseProvider | None = None
-    ) -> Flow:  # type: ignore[type-arg]
-        """Restore a Flow from a checkpoint file."""
+    def from_checkpoint(cls, config: CheckpointConfig) -> Flow:  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+        """Restore a Flow from a checkpoint.
+
+        Args:
+            config: Checkpoint configuration with ``restore_from`` set to
+                the path of the checkpoint to load.
+
+        Returns:
+            A Flow instance ready to resume.
+        """
         from crewai.context import apply_execution_context
         from crewai.events.event_bus import crewai_event_bus
-        from crewai.state.provider.json_provider import JsonProvider
         from crewai.state.runtime import RuntimeState
 
-        state = RuntimeState.from_checkpoint(
-            path,
-            provider=provider or JsonProvider(),
-            context={"from_checkpoint": True},
-        )
+        state = RuntimeState.from_checkpoint(config, context={"from_checkpoint": True})
         crewai_event_bus.set_runtime_state(state)
         for entity in state.root:
             if not isinstance(entity, Flow):
@@ -958,7 +962,32 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
             instance.checkpoint_state = entity.checkpoint_state
             instance._restore_from_checkpoint()
             return instance
-        raise ValueError(f"No Flow found in checkpoint: {path}")
+        raise ValueError(f"No Flow found in checkpoint: {config.restore_from}")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fork(
+        cls,
+        config: CheckpointConfig,
+        branch: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Flow:  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+        """Fork a Flow from a checkpoint, creating a new execution branch.
+
+        Args:
+            config: Checkpoint configuration with ``restore_from`` set.
+            branch: Branch label for the fork. Auto-generated if not provided.
+
+        Returns:
+            A Flow instance on the new branch. Call kickoff() to run.
+        """
+        flow = cls.from_checkpoint(config)
+        state = crewai_event_bus._runtime_state
+        if state is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Cannot fork: no runtime state on the event bus. "
+                "Ensure from_checkpoint() succeeded before calling fork()."
+            )
+        state.fork(branch)
+        return flow
 
     checkpoint_completed_methods: set[str] | None = Field(default=None)
     checkpoint_method_outputs: list[Any] | None = Field(default=None)
@@ -1455,6 +1484,25 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
                 "No pending feedback context. Use from_pending() to restore a paused flow."
             )
 
+        if get_current_parent_id() is None:
+            reset_emission_counter()
+            reset_last_event_id()
+
+        if not self.suppress_flow_events:
+            future = crewai_event_bus.emit(
+                self,
+                FlowStartedEvent(
+                    type="flow_started",
+                    flow_name=self.name or self.__class__.__name__,
+                    inputs=None,
+                ),
+            )
+            if future and isinstance(future, Future):
+                try:
+                    await asyncio.wrap_future(future)
+                except Exception:
+                    logger.warning("FlowStartedEvent handler failed", exc_info=True)
+
         context = self._pending_feedback_context
         emit = context.emit
         default_outcome = context.default_outcome
@@ -1594,16 +1642,39 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
 
         final_result = self._method_outputs[-1] if self._method_outputs else result
 
-        # Emit flow finished
-        crewai_event_bus.emit(
-            self,
-            FlowFinishedEvent(
-                type="flow_finished",
-                flow_name=self.name or self.__class__.__name__,
-                result=final_result,
-                state=self._state,
-            ),
-        )
+        if self._event_futures:
+            await asyncio.gather(
+                *[
+                    asyncio.wrap_future(f)
+                    for f in self._event_futures
+                    if isinstance(f, Future)
+                ]
+            )
+            self._event_futures.clear()
+
+        if not self.suppress_flow_events:
+            future = crewai_event_bus.emit(
+                self,
+                FlowFinishedEvent(
+                    type="flow_finished",
+                    flow_name=self.name or self.__class__.__name__,
+                    result=final_result,
+                    state=self._copy_and_serialize_state(),
+                ),
+            )
+            if future and isinstance(future, Future):
+                try:
+                    await asyncio.wrap_future(future)
+                except Exception:
+                    logger.warning("FlowFinishedEvent handler failed", exc_info=True)
+
+            trace_listener = TraceCollectionListener()
+            if trace_listener.batch_manager.batch_owner_type == "flow":
+                if trace_listener.first_time_handler.is_first_time:
+                    trace_listener.first_time_handler.mark_events_collected()
+                    trace_listener.first_time_handler.handle_execution_completion()
+                else:
+                    trace_listener.batch_manager.finalize_batch()
 
         return final_result
 
@@ -1914,6 +1985,7 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
         self,
         inputs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         input_files: dict[str, FileInput] | None = None,
+        from_checkpoint: CheckpointConfig | None = None,
     ) -> Any | FlowStreamingOutput:
         """Start the flow execution in a synchronous context.
 
@@ -1923,10 +1995,15 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
         Args:
             inputs: Optional dictionary containing input values and/or a state ID.
             input_files: Optional dict of named file inputs for the flow.
+            from_checkpoint: Optional checkpoint config. If ``restore_from``
+                is set, the flow resumes from that checkpoint.
 
         Returns:
             The final output from the flow or FlowStreamingOutput if streaming.
         """
+        restored = apply_checkpoint(self, from_checkpoint)
+        if restored is not None:
+            return restored.kickoff(inputs=inputs, input_files=input_files)
         get_env_context()
         if self.stream:
             result_holder: list[Any] = []
@@ -1983,6 +2060,7 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
         self,
         inputs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         input_files: dict[str, FileInput] | None = None,
+        from_checkpoint: CheckpointConfig | None = None,
     ) -> Any | FlowStreamingOutput:
         """Start the flow execution asynchronously.
 
@@ -1994,10 +2072,15 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
         Args:
             inputs: Optional dictionary containing input values and/or a state ID for restoration.
             input_files: Optional dict of named file inputs for the flow.
+            from_checkpoint: Optional checkpoint config. If ``restore_from``
+                is set, the flow resumes from that checkpoint.
 
         Returns:
             The final output from the flow, which is the result of the last executed method.
         """
+        restored = apply_checkpoint(self, from_checkpoint)
+        if restored is not None:
+            return await restored.kickoff_async(inputs=inputs, input_files=input_files)
         if self.stream:
             result_holder: list[Any] = []
             current_task_info: TaskInfo = {
@@ -2256,17 +2339,20 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
         self,
         inputs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         input_files: dict[str, FileInput] | None = None,
+        from_checkpoint: CheckpointConfig | None = None,
     ) -> Any | FlowStreamingOutput:
         """Native async method to start the flow execution. Alias for kickoff_async.
 
         Args:
             inputs: Optional dictionary containing input values and/or a state ID for restoration.
             input_files: Optional dict of named file inputs for the flow.
+            from_checkpoint: Optional checkpoint config. If ``restore_from``
+                is set, the flow resumes from that checkpoint.
 
         Returns:
             The final output from the flow, which is the result of the last executed method.
         """
-        return await self.kickoff_async(inputs, input_files)
+        return await self.kickoff_async(inputs, input_files, from_checkpoint)
 
     async def _execute_start_method(self, start_method_name: FlowMethodName) -> None:
         """Executes a flow's start method and its triggered listeners.
@@ -3194,7 +3280,7 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
 
         from crewai.llm import LLM
         from crewai.llms.base_llm import BaseLLM as BaseLLMClass
-        from crewai.utilities.i18n import get_i18n
+        from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 
         llm_instance: BaseLLMClass
         if isinstance(llm, str):
@@ -3214,9 +3300,7 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
                 description=f"The outcome that best matches the feedback. Must be one of: {', '.join(outcomes)}"
             )
 
-        # Load prompt from translations (using cached instance)
-        i18n = get_i18n()
-        prompt_template = i18n.slice("human_feedback_collapse")
+        prompt_template = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("human_feedback_collapse")
 
         prompt = prompt_template.format(
             feedback=feedback,

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/human_feedback.py

@@ -350,9 +350,9 @@ def human_feedback(
 
         def _get_hitl_prompt(key: str) -> str:
             """Read a HITL prompt from the i18n translations."""
-            from crewai.utilities.i18n import get_i18n
+            from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 
-            return get_i18n().slice(key)
+            return I18N_DEFAULT.slice(key)
 
         def _resolve_llm_instance() -> Any:
             """Resolve the ``llm`` parameter to a BaseLLM instance.

lib/crewai/src/crewai/lite_agent.py

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ from crewai.utilities.converter import (
 )
 from crewai.utilities.guardrail import process_guardrail
 from crewai.utilities.guardrail_types import GuardrailCallable, GuardrailType
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N, get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.llm_utils import create_llm
 from crewai.utilities.printer import PRINTER
 from crewai.utilities.pydantic_schema_utils import generate_model_description
@@ -227,9 +227,6 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         default=None,
         description="Callback to check if the request is within the RPM8 limit",
     )
-    i18n: I18N = Field(
-        default_factory=get_i18n, description="Internationalization settings."
-    )
     response_format: type[BaseModel] | None = Field(
         default=None, description="Pydantic model for structured output"
     )
@@ -571,7 +568,7 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
                     f"- {m.record.content}" for m in matches
                 )
             if memory_block:
-                formatted = self.i18n.slice("memory").format(memory=memory_block)
+                formatted = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("memory").format(memory=memory_block)
                 if self._messages and self._messages[0].get("role") == "system":
                     existing_content = self._messages[0].get("content", "")
                     if not isinstance(existing_content, str):
@@ -644,7 +641,7 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
             try:
                 model_schema = generate_model_description(active_response_format)
                 schema = json.dumps(model_schema, indent=2)
-                instructions = self.i18n.slice("formatted_task_instructions").format(
+                instructions = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("formatted_task_instructions").format(
                     output_format=schema
                 )
 
@@ -793,7 +790,9 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         base_prompt = ""
         if self._parsed_tools:
             # Use the prompt template for agents with tools
-            base_prompt = self.i18n.slice("lite_agent_system_prompt_with_tools").format(
+            base_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.slice(
+                "lite_agent_system_prompt_with_tools"
+            ).format(
                 role=self.role,
                 backstory=self.backstory,
                 goal=self.goal,
@@ -802,7 +801,7 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
             )
         else:
             # Use the prompt template for agents without tools
-            base_prompt = self.i18n.slice(
+            base_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.slice(
                 "lite_agent_system_prompt_without_tools"
             ).format(
                 role=self.role,
@@ -814,7 +813,7 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         if active_response_format:
             model_description = generate_model_description(active_response_format)
             schema_json = json.dumps(model_description, indent=2)
-            base_prompt += self.i18n.slice("lite_agent_response_format").format(
+            base_prompt += I18N_DEFAULT.slice("lite_agent_response_format").format(
                 response_format=schema_json
             )
 
@@ -875,7 +874,6 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
                     formatted_answer = handle_max_iterations_exceeded(
                         formatted_answer,
                         printer=PRINTER,
-                        i18n=self.i18n,
                         messages=self._messages,
                         llm=cast(LLM, self.llm),
                         callbacks=self._callbacks,
@@ -914,7 +912,6 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
                         tool_result = execute_tool_and_check_finality(
                             agent_action=formatted_answer,
                             tools=self._parsed_tools,
-                            i18n=self.i18n,
                             agent_key=self.key,
                             agent_role=self.role,
                             agent=self.original_agent,
@@ -956,7 +953,6 @@ class LiteAgent(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
                         messages=self._messages,
                         llm=cast(LLM, self.llm),
                         callbacks=self._callbacks,
-                        i18n=self.i18n,
                         verbose=self.verbose,
                     )
                     continue

lib/crewai/src/crewai/memory/analyze.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from typing import Any
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
 
 from crewai.memory.types import MemoryRecord, ScopeInfo
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 
 
 _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def _get_prompt(key: str) -> str:
     Returns:
         The prompt string.
     """
-    return get_i18n().memory(key)
+    return I18N_DEFAULT.memory(key)
 
 
 def extract_memories_from_content(content: str, llm: Any) -> list[str]:

lib/crewai/src/crewai/state/checkpoint_config.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, model_validator
@@ -201,6 +202,12 @@ class CheckpointConfig(BaseModel):
         description="Maximum checkpoints to keep. Oldest are pruned after "
         "each write. None means keep all.",
     )
+    restore_from: Path | str | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Path or location of a checkpoint to restore from. "
+        "When passed via a kickoff method's from_checkpoint parameter, "
+        "the crew or flow resumes from this checkpoint.",
+    )
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
     def _register_handlers(self) -> CheckpointConfig:
@@ -216,3 +223,25 @@ class CheckpointConfig(BaseModel):
     @property
     def trigger_events(self) -> set[str]:
         return set(self.on_events)
+
+
+def apply_checkpoint(instance: Any, from_checkpoint: CheckpointConfig | None) -> Any:
+    """Handle checkpoint config for a kickoff method.
+
+    If *from_checkpoint* carries a ``restore_from`` path, builds and returns a
+    restored instance (with ``restore_from`` cleared).  The caller should
+    dispatch into its own kickoff variant on that restored instance.
+
+    If *from_checkpoint* is present but has no ``restore_from``, sets
+    ``instance.checkpoint`` and returns ``None`` (proceed normally).
+
+    If *from_checkpoint* is ``None``, returns ``None`` immediately.
+    """
+    if from_checkpoint is None:
+        return None
+    if from_checkpoint.restore_from is not None:
+        restored = type(instance).from_checkpoint(from_checkpoint)
+        restored.checkpoint = from_checkpoint.model_copy(update={"restore_from": None})
+        return restored
+    instance.checkpoint = from_checkpoint
+    return None

lib/crewai/src/crewai/state/checkpoint_listener.py

@@ -106,10 +106,16 @@ def _do_checkpoint(state: RuntimeState, cfg: CheckpointConfig) -> None:
     """Write a checkpoint and prune old ones if configured."""
     _prepare_entities(state.root)
     data = state.model_dump_json()
-    cfg.provider.checkpoint(data, cfg.location)
+    location = cfg.provider.checkpoint(
+        data,
+        cfg.location,
+        parent_id=state._parent_id,
+        branch=state._branch,
+    )
+    state._chain_lineage(cfg.provider, location)
 
     if cfg.max_checkpoints is not None:
-        cfg.provider.prune(cfg.location, cfg.max_checkpoints)
+        cfg.provider.prune(cfg.location, cfg.max_checkpoints, branch=state._branch)
 
 
 def _should_checkpoint(source: Any, event: BaseEvent) -> CheckpointConfig | None:

lib/crewai/src/crewai/state/provider/core.py

@@ -17,12 +17,21 @@ class BaseProvider(BaseModel, ABC):
     provider_type: str = "base"
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def checkpoint(self, data: str, location: str) -> str:
+    def checkpoint(
+        self,
+        data: str,
+        location: str,
+        *,
+        parent_id: str | None = None,
+        branch: str = "main",
+    ) -> str:
         """Persist a snapshot synchronously.
 
         Args:
             data: The serialized string to persist.
             location: Storage destination (directory, file path, URI, etc.).
+            parent_id: ID of the parent checkpoint for lineage tracking.
+            branch: Branch label for this checkpoint.
 
         Returns:
             A location identifier for the saved checkpoint.
@@ -30,12 +39,21 @@ class BaseProvider(BaseModel, ABC):
         ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def acheckpoint(self, data: str, location: str) -> str:
+    async def acheckpoint(
+        self,
+        data: str,
+        location: str,
+        *,
+        parent_id: str | None = None,
+        branch: str = "main",
+    ) -> str:
         """Persist a snapshot asynchronously.
 
         Args:
             data: The serialized string to persist.
             location: Storage destination (directory, file path, URI, etc.).
+            parent_id: ID of the parent checkpoint for lineage tracking.
+            branch: Branch label for this checkpoint.
 
         Returns:
             A location identifier for the saved checkpoint.
@@ -43,12 +61,25 @@ class BaseProvider(BaseModel, ABC):
         ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def prune(self, location: str, max_keep: int) -> None:
-        """Remove old checkpoints, keeping at most *max_keep*.
+    def prune(self, location: str, max_keep: int, *, branch: str = "main") -> None:
+        """Remove old checkpoints, keeping at most *max_keep* per branch.
 
         Args:
             location: The storage destination passed to ``checkpoint``.
             max_keep: Maximum number of checkpoints to retain.
+            branch: Only prune checkpoints on this branch.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def extract_id(self, location: str) -> str:
+        """Extract the checkpoint ID from a location string.
+
+        Args:
+            location: The identifier returned by a previous ``checkpoint`` call.
+
+        Returns:
+            The checkpoint ID.
         """
         ...
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/state/provider/json_provider.py

@@ -19,48 +19,87 @@ from crewai.state.provider.core import BaseProvider
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+def _safe_branch(base: str, branch: str) -> None:
+    """Validate that a branch name doesn't escape the base directory.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the branch resolves outside the base directory.
+    """
+    base_resolved = str(Path(base).resolve())
+    target_resolved = str((Path(base) / branch).resolve())
+    if (
+        not target_resolved.startswith(base_resolved + os.sep)
+        and target_resolved != base_resolved
+    ):
+        raise ValueError(f"Branch name escapes checkpoint directory: {branch!r}")
+
+
 class JsonProvider(BaseProvider):
     """Persists runtime state checkpoints as JSON files on the local filesystem."""
 
     provider_type: Literal["json"] = "json"
 
-    def checkpoint(self, data: str, location: str) -> str:
+    def checkpoint(
+        self,
+        data: str,
+        location: str,
+        *,
+        parent_id: str | None = None,
+        branch: str = "main",
+    ) -> str:
         """Write a JSON checkpoint file.
 
         Args:
             data: The serialized JSON string to persist.
-            location: Directory where the checkpoint will be saved.
+            location: Base directory where checkpoints are saved.
+            parent_id: ID of the parent checkpoint for lineage tracking.
+                Encoded in the filename for queryable lineage without
+                parsing the blob.
+            branch: Branch label. Files are stored under ``location/branch/``.
 
         Returns:
             The path to the written checkpoint file.
         """
-        file_path = _build_path(location)
+        file_path = _build_path(location, branch, parent_id)
         file_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
         with open(file_path, "w") as f:
             f.write(data)
         return str(file_path)
 
-    async def acheckpoint(self, data: str, location: str) -> str:
+    async def acheckpoint(
+        self,
+        data: str,
+        location: str,
+        *,
+        parent_id: str | None = None,
+        branch: str = "main",
+    ) -> str:
         """Write a JSON checkpoint file asynchronously.
 
         Args:
             data: The serialized JSON string to persist.
-            location: Directory where the checkpoint will be saved.
+            location: Base directory where checkpoints are saved.
+            parent_id: ID of the parent checkpoint for lineage tracking.
+                Encoded in the filename for queryable lineage without
+                parsing the blob.
+            branch: Branch label. Files are stored under ``location/branch/``.
 
         Returns:
             The path to the written checkpoint file.
         """
-        file_path = _build_path(location)
+        file_path = _build_path(location, branch, parent_id)
         await aiofiles.os.makedirs(str(file_path.parent), exist_ok=True)
 
         async with aiofiles.open(file_path, "w") as f:
             await f.write(data)
         return str(file_path)
 
-    def prune(self, location: str, max_keep: int) -> None:
-        """Remove oldest checkpoint files beyond *max_keep*."""
-        pattern = os.path.join(location, "*.json")
+    def prune(self, location: str, max_keep: int, *, branch: str = "main") -> None:
+        """Remove oldest checkpoint files beyond *max_keep* on a branch."""
+        _safe_branch(location, branch)
+        branch_dir = os.path.join(location, branch)
+        pattern = os.path.join(branch_dir, "*.json")
         files = sorted(glob.glob(pattern), key=os.path.getmtime)
         for path in files if max_keep == 0 else files[:-max_keep]:
             try:
@@ -68,6 +107,16 @@ class JsonProvider(BaseProvider):
             except OSError:  # noqa: PERF203
                 logger.debug("Failed to remove %s", path, exc_info=True)
 
+    def extract_id(self, location: str) -> str:
+        """Extract the checkpoint ID from a file path.
+
+        The filename format is ``{ts}_{uuid8}_p-{parent}.json``.
+        The checkpoint ID is the ``{ts}_{uuid8}`` prefix.
+        """
+        stem = Path(location).stem
+        idx = stem.find("_p-")
+        return stem[:idx] if idx != -1 else stem
+
     def from_checkpoint(self, location: str) -> str:
         """Read a JSON checkpoint file.
 
@@ -92,15 +141,24 @@ class JsonProvider(BaseProvider):
             return await f.read()
 
 
-def _build_path(directory: str) -> Path:
-    """Build a timestamped checkpoint file path.
+def _build_path(
+    directory: str, branch: str = "main", parent_id: str | None = None
+) -> Path:
+    """Build a timestamped checkpoint file path under a branch subdirectory.
+
+    Filename format: ``{ts}_{uuid8}_p-{parent_id}.json``
 
     Args:
-        directory: Parent directory for the checkpoint file.
+        directory: Base directory for checkpoints.
+        branch: Branch label used as a subdirectory name.
+        parent_id: Parent checkpoint ID to encode in the filename.
 
     Returns:
         The target file path.
     """
+    _safe_branch(directory, branch)
     ts = datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y%m%dT%H%M%S")
-    filename = f"{ts}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}.json"
-    return Path(directory) / filename
+    short_uuid = uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]
+    parent_suffix = parent_id or "none"
+    filename = f"{ts}_{short_uuid}_p-{parent_suffix}.json"
+    return Path(directory) / branch / filename

lib/crewai/src/crewai/state/provider/sqlite_provider.py

@@ -17,15 +17,20 @@ _CREATE_TABLE = """
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS checkpoints (
     id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
     created_at TEXT NOT NULL,
+    parent_id TEXT,
+    branch TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'main',
     data JSONB NOT NULL
 )
 """
 
-_INSERT = "INSERT INTO checkpoints (id, created_at, data) VALUES (?, ?, jsonb(?))"
+_INSERT = (
+    "INSERT INTO checkpoints (id, created_at, parent_id, branch, data) "
+    "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, jsonb(?))"
+)
 _SELECT = "SELECT json(data) FROM checkpoints WHERE id = ?"
 _PRUNE = """
-DELETE FROM checkpoints WHERE rowid NOT IN (
-    SELECT rowid FROM checkpoints ORDER BY rowid DESC LIMIT ?
+DELETE FROM checkpoints WHERE branch = ? AND rowid NOT IN (
+    SELECT rowid FROM checkpoints WHERE branch = ? ORDER BY rowid DESC LIMIT ?
 )
 """
 
@@ -50,12 +55,21 @@ class SqliteProvider(BaseProvider):
 
     provider_type: Literal["sqlite"] = "sqlite"
 
-    def checkpoint(self, data: str, location: str) -> str:
+    def checkpoint(
+        self,
+        data: str,
+        location: str,
+        *,
+        parent_id: str | None = None,
+        branch: str = "main",
+    ) -> str:
         """Write a checkpoint to the SQLite database.
 
         Args:
             data: The serialized JSON string to persist.
             location: Path to the SQLite database file.
+            parent_id: ID of the parent checkpoint for lineage tracking.
+            branch: Branch label for this checkpoint.
 
         Returns:
             A location string in the format ``"db_path#checkpoint_id"``.
@@ -65,16 +79,25 @@ class SqliteProvider(BaseProvider):
         with sqlite3.connect(location) as conn:
             conn.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL")
             conn.execute(_CREATE_TABLE)
-            conn.execute(_INSERT, (checkpoint_id, ts, data))
+            conn.execute(_INSERT, (checkpoint_id, ts, parent_id, branch, data))
             conn.commit()
         return f"{location}#{checkpoint_id}"
 
-    async def acheckpoint(self, data: str, location: str) -> str:
+    async def acheckpoint(
+        self,
+        data: str,
+        location: str,
+        *,
+        parent_id: str | None = None,
+        branch: str = "main",
+    ) -> str:
         """Write a checkpoint to the SQLite database asynchronously.
 
         Args:
             data: The serialized JSON string to persist.
             location: Path to the SQLite database file.
+            parent_id: ID of the parent checkpoint for lineage tracking.
+            branch: Branch label for this checkpoint.
 
         Returns:
             A location string in the format ``"db_path#checkpoint_id"``.
@@ -84,16 +107,20 @@ class SqliteProvider(BaseProvider):
         async with aiosqlite.connect(location) as db:
             await db.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL")
             await db.execute(_CREATE_TABLE)
-            await db.execute(_INSERT, (checkpoint_id, ts, data))
+            await db.execute(_INSERT, (checkpoint_id, ts, parent_id, branch, data))
             await db.commit()
         return f"{location}#{checkpoint_id}"
 
-    def prune(self, location: str, max_keep: int) -> None:
-        """Remove oldest checkpoint rows beyond *max_keep*."""
+    def prune(self, location: str, max_keep: int, *, branch: str = "main") -> None:
+        """Remove oldest checkpoint rows beyond *max_keep* on a branch."""
         with sqlite3.connect(location) as conn:
-            conn.execute(_PRUNE, (max_keep,))
+            conn.execute(_PRUNE, (branch, branch, max_keep))
             conn.commit()
 
+    def extract_id(self, location: str) -> str:
+        """Extract the checkpoint ID from a ``db_path#id`` string."""
+        return location.rsplit("#", 1)[1]
+
     def from_checkpoint(self, location: str) -> str:
         """Read a checkpoint from the SQLite database.
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/state/runtime.py

@@ -9,8 +9,11 @@ via ``RuntimeState.model_rebuild()``.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import logging
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+import uuid
 
+from packaging.version import Version
 from pydantic import (
     ModelWrapValidatorHandler,
     PrivateAttr,
@@ -20,9 +23,14 @@ from pydantic import (
 )
 
 from crewai.context import capture_execution_context
+from crewai.state.checkpoint_config import CheckpointConfig
 from crewai.state.event_record import EventRecord
 from crewai.state.provider.core import BaseProvider
 from crewai.state.provider.json_provider import JsonProvider
+from crewai.utilities.version import get_crewai_version
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -60,10 +68,46 @@ def _sync_checkpoint_fields(entity: object) -> None:
         entity.checkpoint_kickoff_event_id = entity._kickoff_event_id
 
 
+def _migrate(data: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Apply version-based migrations to checkpoint data.
+
+    Each block handles checkpoints older than a specific version,
+    transforming them forward to the current format. Blocks run in
+    version order so migrations compose.
+
+    Args:
+        data: The raw deserialized checkpoint dict.
+
+    Returns:
+        The migrated checkpoint dict.
+    """
+    raw = data.get("crewai_version")
+    current = Version(get_crewai_version())
+    stored = Version(raw) if raw else Version("0.0.0")
+
+    if raw is None:
+        logger.warning("Checkpoint has no crewai_version — treating as 0.0.0")
+    elif stored != current:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Migrating checkpoint from crewAI %s to %s",
+            stored,
+            current,
+        )
+
+    # --- migrations in version order ---
+    # if stored < Version("X.Y.Z"):
+    #     data.setdefault("some_field", "default")
+
+    return data
+
+
 class RuntimeState(RootModel):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
     root: list[Entity]
     _provider: BaseProvider = PrivateAttr(default_factory=JsonProvider)
     _event_record: EventRecord = PrivateAttr(default_factory=EventRecord)
+    _checkpoint_id: str | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
+    _parent_id: str | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
+    _branch: str = PrivateAttr(default="main")
 
     @property
     def event_record(self) -> EventRecord:
@@ -73,6 +117,9 @@ class RuntimeState(RootModel):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
     @model_serializer(mode="plain")
     def _serialize(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
+            "crewai_version": get_crewai_version(),
+            "parent_id": self._parent_id,
+            "branch": self._branch,
             "entities": [e.model_dump(mode="json") for e in self.root],
             "event_record": self._event_record.model_dump(),
         }
@@ -83,13 +130,29 @@ class RuntimeState(RootModel):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
         cls, data: Any, handler: ModelWrapValidatorHandler[RuntimeState]
     ) -> RuntimeState:
         if isinstance(data, dict) and "entities" in data:
+            data = _migrate(data)
             record_data = data.get("event_record")
             state = handler(data["entities"])
             if record_data:
                 state._event_record = EventRecord.model_validate(record_data)
+            state._parent_id = data.get("parent_id")
+            state._branch = data.get("branch", "main")
             return state
         return handler(data)
 
+    def _chain_lineage(self, provider: BaseProvider, location: str) -> None:
+        """Update lineage fields after a successful checkpoint write.
+
+        Sets ``_checkpoint_id`` and ``_parent_id`` so the next write
+        records the correct parent in the lineage chain.
+
+        Args:
+            provider: The provider that performed the write.
+            location: The location string returned by the provider.
+        """
+        self._checkpoint_id = provider.extract_id(location)
+        self._parent_id = self._checkpoint_id
+
     def checkpoint(self, location: str) -> str:
         """Write a checkpoint.
 
@@ -101,7 +164,14 @@ class RuntimeState(RootModel):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
             A location identifier for the saved checkpoint.
         """
         _prepare_entities(self.root)
-        return self._provider.checkpoint(self.model_dump_json(), location)
+        result = self._provider.checkpoint(
+            self.model_dump_json(),
+            location,
+            parent_id=self._parent_id,
+            branch=self._branch,
+        )
+        self._chain_lineage(self._provider, result)
+        return result
 
     async def acheckpoint(self, location: str) -> str:
         """Async version of :meth:`checkpoint`.
@@ -114,41 +184,79 @@ class RuntimeState(RootModel):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
             A location identifier for the saved checkpoint.
         """
         _prepare_entities(self.root)
-        return await self._provider.acheckpoint(self.model_dump_json(), location)
+        result = await self._provider.acheckpoint(
+            self.model_dump_json(),
+            location,
+            parent_id=self._parent_id,
+            branch=self._branch,
+        )
+        self._chain_lineage(self._provider, result)
+        return result
+
+    def fork(self, branch: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Mark this state as a fork for subsequent checkpoints.
+
+        Args:
+            branch: Branch label. Auto-generated from the current checkpoint
+                ID if not provided. Always unique — safe to call multiple
+                times without collisions.
+        """
+        if branch:
+            self._branch = branch
+        elif self._checkpoint_id:
+            self._branch = f"fork/{self._checkpoint_id}"
+        else:
+            self._branch = f"fork/{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_checkpoint(
-        cls, location: str, provider: BaseProvider, **kwargs: Any
-    ) -> RuntimeState:
+    def from_checkpoint(cls, config: CheckpointConfig, **kwargs: Any) -> RuntimeState:
         """Restore a RuntimeState from a checkpoint.
 
         Args:
-            location: The identifier returned by a previous ``checkpoint`` call.
-            provider: The storage backend to read from.
+            config: Checkpoint configuration with ``restore_from`` set.
             **kwargs: Passed to ``model_validate_json``.
 
         Returns:
             A restored RuntimeState.
         """
+        from crewai.state.provider.utils import detect_provider
+
+        if config.restore_from is None:
+            raise ValueError("CheckpointConfig.restore_from must be set")
+        location = str(config.restore_from)
+        provider = detect_provider(location)
         raw = provider.from_checkpoint(location)
-        return cls.model_validate_json(raw, **kwargs)
+        state = cls.model_validate_json(raw, **kwargs)
+        checkpoint_id = provider.extract_id(location)
+        state._checkpoint_id = checkpoint_id
+        state._parent_id = checkpoint_id
+        return state
 
     @classmethod
     async def afrom_checkpoint(
-        cls, location: str, provider: BaseProvider, **kwargs: Any
+        cls, config: CheckpointConfig, **kwargs: Any
     ) -> RuntimeState:
         """Async version of :meth:`from_checkpoint`.
 
         Args:
-            location: The identifier returned by a previous ``acheckpoint`` call.
-            provider: The storage backend to read from.
+            config: Checkpoint configuration with ``restore_from`` set.
             **kwargs: Passed to ``model_validate_json``.
 
         Returns:
             A restored RuntimeState.
         """
+        from crewai.state.provider.utils import detect_provider
+
+        if config.restore_from is None:
+            raise ValueError("CheckpointConfig.restore_from must be set")
+        location = str(config.restore_from)
+        provider = detect_provider(location)
         raw = await provider.afrom_checkpoint(location)
-        return cls.model_validate_json(raw, **kwargs)
+        state = cls.model_validate_json(raw, **kwargs)
+        checkpoint_id = provider.extract_id(location)
+        state._checkpoint_id = checkpoint_id
+        state._parent_id = checkpoint_id
+        return state
 
 
 def _prepare_entities(root: list[Entity]) -> None:

lib/crewai/src/crewai/task.py

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ from crewai.utilities.guardrail_types import (
     GuardrailType,
     GuardrailsType,
 )
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N, get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.printer import PRINTER
 from crewai.utilities.string_utils import interpolate_only
 
@@ -115,7 +115,6 @@ class Task(BaseModel):
     used_tools: int = 0
     tools_errors: int = 0
     delegations: int = 0
-    i18n: I18N = Field(default_factory=get_i18n)
     name: str | None = Field(default=None)
     prompt_context: str | None = None
     description: str = Field(description="Description of the actual task.")
@@ -896,7 +895,7 @@ class Task(BaseModel):
 
         tasks_slices = [description]
 
-        output = self.i18n.slice("expected_output").format(
+        output = I18N_DEFAULT.slice("expected_output").format(
             expected_output=self.expected_output
         )
         tasks_slices = [description, output]
@@ -968,7 +967,7 @@ Follow these guidelines:
                 raise ValueError(f"Error interpolating output_file path: {e!s}") from e
 
         if inputs.get("crew_chat_messages"):
-            conversation_instruction = self.i18n.slice(
+            conversation_instruction = I18N_DEFAULT.slice(
                 "conversation_history_instruction"
             )
 
@@ -1219,7 +1218,7 @@ Follow these guidelines:
                 self.retry_count += 1
                 current_retry_count = self.retry_count
 
-            context = self.i18n.errors("validation_error").format(
+            context = I18N_DEFAULT.errors("validation_error").format(
                 guardrail_result_error=guardrail_result.error,
                 task_output=task_output.raw,
             )
@@ -1316,7 +1315,7 @@ Follow these guidelines:
                 self.retry_count += 1
                 current_retry_count = self.retry_count
 
-            context = self.i18n.errors("validation_error").format(
+            context = I18N_DEFAULT.errors("validation_error").format(
                 guardrail_result_error=guardrail_result.error,
                 task_output=task_output.raw,
             )

lib/crewai/src/crewai/telemetry/telemetry.py

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ from crewai.telemetry.utils import (
     add_crew_attributes,
     close_span,
 )
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.logger_utils import suppress_warnings
 from crewai.utilities.string_utils import sanitize_tool_name
 
@@ -314,7 +315,7 @@ class Telemetry:
                                 "verbose?": agent.verbose,
                                 "max_iter": agent.max_iter,
                                 "max_rpm": agent.max_rpm,
-                                "i18n": agent.i18n.prompt_file,
+                                "i18n": I18N_DEFAULT.prompt_file,
                                 "function_calling_llm": (
                                     getattr(
                                         getattr(agent, "function_calling_llm", None),
@@ -844,7 +845,7 @@ class Telemetry:
                             "verbose?": agent.verbose,
                             "max_iter": agent.max_iter,
                             "max_rpm": agent.max_rpm,
-                            "i18n": agent.i18n.prompt_file,
+                            "i18n": I18N_DEFAULT.prompt_file,
                             "llm": agent.llm.model
                             if isinstance(agent.llm, BaseLLM)
                             else str(agent.llm),

lib/crewai/src/crewai/tools/agent_tools/add_image_tool.py

@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@ from typing import Any
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool
-from crewai.utilities import I18N
-
-
-i18n = I18N()
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 
 
 class AddImageToolSchema(BaseModel):
@@ -19,9 +16,9 @@ class AddImageToolSchema(BaseModel):
 class AddImageTool(BaseTool):
     """Tool for adding images to the content"""
 
-    name: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: i18n.tools("add_image")["name"])  # type: ignore[index]
+    name: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: I18N_DEFAULT.tools("add_image")["name"])  # type: ignore[index]
     description: str = Field(
-        default_factory=lambda: i18n.tools("add_image")["description"]  # type: ignore[index]
+        default_factory=lambda: I18N_DEFAULT.tools("add_image")["description"]  # type: ignore[index]
     )
     args_schema: type[BaseModel] = AddImageToolSchema
 
@@ -31,7 +28,7 @@ class AddImageTool(BaseTool):
         action: str | None = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        action = action or i18n.tools("add_image")["default_action"]  # type: ignore
+        action = action or I18N_DEFAULT.tools("add_image")["default_action"]  # type: ignore
         content = [
             {"type": "text", "text": action},
             {

lib/crewai/src/crewai/tools/agent_tools/agent_tools.py

@@ -5,21 +5,19 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from crewai.tools.agent_tools.ask_question_tool import AskQuestionTool
 from crewai.tools.agent_tools.delegate_work_tool import DelegateWorkTool
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.agents.agent_builder.base_agent import BaseAgent
     from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool
-    from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N
 
 
 class AgentTools:
     """Manager class for agent-related tools"""
 
-    def __init__(self, agents: Sequence[BaseAgent], i18n: I18N | None = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, agents: Sequence[BaseAgent]) -> None:
         self.agents = agents
-        self.i18n = i18n if i18n is not None else get_i18n()
 
     def tools(self) -> list[BaseTool]:
         """Get all available agent tools"""
@@ -27,14 +25,12 @@ class AgentTools:
 
         delegate_tool = DelegateWorkTool(
             agents=self.agents,
-            i18n=self.i18n,
-            description=self.i18n.tools("delegate_work").format(coworkers=coworkers),  # type: ignore
+            description=I18N_DEFAULT.tools("delegate_work").format(coworkers=coworkers),  # type: ignore
         )
 
         ask_tool = AskQuestionTool(
             agents=self.agents,
-            i18n=self.i18n,
-            description=self.i18n.tools("ask_question").format(coworkers=coworkers),  # type: ignore
+            description=I18N_DEFAULT.tools("ask_question").format(coworkers=coworkers),  # type: ignore
         )
 
         return [delegate_tool, ask_tool]

lib/crewai/src/crewai/tools/agent_tools/base_agent_tools.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from pydantic import Field
 from crewai.agents.agent_builder.base_agent import BaseAgent
 from crewai.task import Task
 from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N, get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -16,9 +16,6 @@ class BaseAgentTool(BaseTool):
     """Base class for agent-related tools"""
 
     agents: list[BaseAgent] = Field(description="List of available agents")
-    i18n: I18N = Field(
-        default_factory=get_i18n, description="Internationalization settings"
-    )
 
     def sanitize_agent_name(self, name: str) -> str:
         """
@@ -93,7 +90,7 @@ class BaseAgentTool(BaseTool):
             )
         except (AttributeError, ValueError) as e:
             # Handle specific exceptions that might occur during role name processing
-            return self.i18n.errors("agent_tool_unexisting_coworker").format(
+            return I18N_DEFAULT.errors("agent_tool_unexisting_coworker").format(
                 coworkers="\n".join(
                     [
                         f"- {self.sanitize_agent_name(agent.role)}"
@@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ class BaseAgentTool(BaseTool):
 
         if not agent:
             # No matching agent found after sanitization
-            return self.i18n.errors("agent_tool_unexisting_coworker").format(
+            return I18N_DEFAULT.errors("agent_tool_unexisting_coworker").format(
                 coworkers="\n".join(
                     [
                         f"- {self.sanitize_agent_name(agent.role)}"
@@ -120,8 +117,7 @@ class BaseAgentTool(BaseTool):
             task_with_assigned_agent = Task(
                 description=task,
                 agent=selected_agent,
-                expected_output=selected_agent.i18n.slice("manager_request"),
-                i18n=selected_agent.i18n,
+                expected_output=I18N_DEFAULT.slice("manager_request"),
             )
             logger.debug(
                 f"Created task for agent '{self.sanitize_agent_name(selected_agent.role)}': {task}"
@@ -129,6 +125,6 @@ class BaseAgentTool(BaseTool):
             return selected_agent.execute_task(task_with_assigned_agent, context)
         except Exception as e:
             # Handle task creation or execution errors
-            return self.i18n.errors("agent_tool_execution_error").format(
+            return I18N_DEFAULT.errors("agent_tool_execution_error").format(
                 agent_role=self.sanitize_agent_name(selected_agent.role), error=str(e)
             )

lib/crewai/src/crewai/tools/memory_tools.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from typing import Any
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 
 
 class RecallMemorySchema(BaseModel):
@@ -114,18 +114,17 @@ def create_memory_tools(memory: Any) -> list[BaseTool]:
     Returns:
         List containing a RecallMemoryTool and, if not read-only, a RememberTool.
     """
-    i18n = get_i18n()
     tools: list[BaseTool] = [
         RecallMemoryTool(
             memory=memory,
-            description=i18n.tools("recall_memory"),
+            description=I18N_DEFAULT.tools("recall_memory"),
         ),
     ]
     if not memory.read_only:
         tools.append(
             RememberTool(
                 memory=memory,
-                description=i18n.tools("save_to_memory"),
+                description=I18N_DEFAULT.tools("save_to_memory"),
             )
         )
     return tools

lib/crewai/src/crewai/tools/tool_usage.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from crewai.utilities.agent_utils import (
     render_text_description_and_args,
 )
 from crewai.utilities.converter import Converter
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N, get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.printer import PRINTER
 from crewai.utilities.string_utils import sanitize_tool_name
 
@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ class ToolUsage:
         action: Any = None,
         fingerprint_context: dict[str, str] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
-        self._i18n: I18N = agent.i18n if agent else get_i18n()
         self._telemetry: Telemetry = Telemetry()
         self._run_attempts: int = 1
         self._max_parsing_attempts: int = 3
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ class ToolUsage:
         if (
             isinstance(tool, CrewStructuredTool)
             and sanitize_tool_name(tool.name)
-            == sanitize_tool_name(self._i18n.tools("add_image")["name"])  # type: ignore
+            == sanitize_tool_name(I18N_DEFAULT.tools("add_image")["name"])  # type: ignore
         ):
             try:
                 return self._use(tool_string=tool_string, tool=tool, calling=calling)
@@ -194,7 +193,7 @@ class ToolUsage:
         if (
             isinstance(tool, CrewStructuredTool)
             and sanitize_tool_name(tool.name)
-            == sanitize_tool_name(self._i18n.tools("add_image")["name"])  # type: ignore
+            == sanitize_tool_name(I18N_DEFAULT.tools("add_image")["name"])  # type: ignore
         ):
             try:
                 return await self._ause(
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@ class ToolUsage:
         """
         if self._check_tool_repeated_usage(calling=calling):
             try:
-                result = self._i18n.errors("task_repeated_usage").format(
+                result = I18N_DEFAULT.errors("task_repeated_usage").format(
                     tool_names=self.tools_names
                 )
                 self._telemetry.tool_repeated_usage(
@@ -415,7 +414,7 @@ class ToolUsage:
                     self._run_attempts += 1
                     if self._run_attempts > self._max_parsing_attempts:
                         self._telemetry.tool_usage_error(llm=self.function_calling_llm)
-                        error_message = self._i18n.errors(
+                        error_message = I18N_DEFAULT.errors(
                             "tool_usage_exception"
                         ).format(
                             error=e,
@@ -423,7 +422,7 @@ class ToolUsage:
                             tool_inputs=tool.description,
                         )
                         result = ToolUsageError(
-                            f"\n{error_message}.\nMoving on then. {self._i18n.slice('format').format(tool_names=self.tools_names)}"
+                            f"\n{error_message}.\nMoving on then. {I18N_DEFAULT.slice('format').format(tool_names=self.tools_names)}"
                         ).message
                         if self.task:
                             self.task.increment_tools_errors()
@@ -461,7 +460,7 @@ class ToolUsage:
         # Repeated usage check happens before event emission - safe to return early
         if self._check_tool_repeated_usage(calling=calling):
             try:
-                result = self._i18n.errors("task_repeated_usage").format(
+                result = I18N_DEFAULT.errors("task_repeated_usage").format(
                     tool_names=self.tools_names
                 )
                 self._telemetry.tool_repeated_usage(
@@ -648,7 +647,7 @@ class ToolUsage:
                     self._run_attempts += 1
                     if self._run_attempts > self._max_parsing_attempts:
                         self._telemetry.tool_usage_error(llm=self.function_calling_llm)
-                        error_message = self._i18n.errors(
+                        error_message = I18N_DEFAULT.errors(
                             "tool_usage_exception"
                         ).format(
                             error=e,
@@ -656,7 +655,7 @@ class ToolUsage:
                             tool_inputs=tool.description,
                         )
                         result = ToolUsageError(
-                            f"\n{error_message}.\nMoving on then. {self._i18n.slice('format').format(tool_names=self.tools_names)}"
+                            f"\n{error_message}.\nMoving on then. {I18N_DEFAULT.slice('format').format(tool_names=self.tools_names)}"
                         ).message
                         if self.task:
                             self.task.increment_tools_errors()
@@ -699,7 +698,7 @@ class ToolUsage:
 
     def _remember_format(self, result: str) -> str:
         result = str(result)
-        result += "\n\n" + self._i18n.slice("tools").format(
+        result += "\n\n" + I18N_DEFAULT.slice("tools").format(
             tools=self.tools_description, tool_names=self.tools_names
         )
         return result
@@ -825,12 +824,12 @@ class ToolUsage:
         except Exception:
             if raise_error:
                 raise
-            return ToolUsageError(f"{self._i18n.errors('tool_arguments_error')}")
+            return ToolUsageError(f"{I18N_DEFAULT.errors('tool_arguments_error')}")
 
         if not isinstance(arguments, dict):
             if raise_error:
                 raise
-            return ToolUsageError(f"{self._i18n.errors('tool_arguments_error')}")
+            return ToolUsageError(f"{I18N_DEFAULT.errors('tool_arguments_error')}")
 
         return ToolCalling(
             tool_name=sanitize_tool_name(tool.name),
@@ -856,7 +855,7 @@ class ToolUsage:
                 if self.agent and self.agent.verbose:
                     PRINTER.print(content=f"\n\n{e}\n", color="red")
                 return ToolUsageError(
-                    f"{self._i18n.errors('tool_usage_error').format(error=e)}\nMoving on then. {self._i18n.slice('format').format(tool_names=self.tools_names)}"
+                    f"{I18N_DEFAULT.errors('tool_usage_error').format(error=e)}\nMoving on then. {I18N_DEFAULT.slice('format').format(tool_names=self.tools_names)}"
                 )
             return self._tool_calling(tool_string)
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/agent_utils.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ from crewai.utilities.errors import AgentRepositoryError
 from crewai.utilities.exceptions.context_window_exceeding_exception import (
     LLMContextLengthExceededError,
 )
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.printer import PRINTER, ColoredText, Printer
 from crewai.utilities.pydantic_schema_utils import generate_model_description
 from crewai.utilities.string_utils import sanitize_tool_name
@@ -254,7 +254,6 @@ def has_reached_max_iterations(iterations: int, max_iterations: int) -> bool:
 def handle_max_iterations_exceeded(
     formatted_answer: AgentAction | AgentFinish | None,
     printer: Printer,
-    i18n: I18N,
     messages: list[LLMMessage],
     llm: LLM | BaseLLM,
     callbacks: list[TokenCalcHandler],
@@ -265,7 +264,6 @@ def handle_max_iterations_exceeded(
     Args:
         formatted_answer: The last formatted answer from the agent.
         printer: Printer instance for output.
-        i18n: I18N instance for internationalization.
         messages: List of messages to send to the LLM.
         llm: The LLM instance to call.
         callbacks: List of callbacks for the LLM call.
@@ -282,10 +280,10 @@ def handle_max_iterations_exceeded(
 
     if formatted_answer and hasattr(formatted_answer, "text"):
         assistant_message = (
-            formatted_answer.text + f"\n{i18n.errors('force_final_answer')}"
+            formatted_answer.text + f"\n{I18N_DEFAULT.errors('force_final_answer')}"
         )
     else:
-        assistant_message = i18n.errors("force_final_answer")
+        assistant_message = I18N_DEFAULT.errors("force_final_answer")
 
     messages.append(format_message_for_llm(assistant_message, role="assistant"))
 
@@ -687,7 +685,6 @@ def handle_context_length(
     messages: list[LLMMessage],
     llm: LLM | BaseLLM,
     callbacks: list[TokenCalcHandler],
-    i18n: I18N,
     verbose: bool = True,
 ) -> None:
     """Handle context length exceeded by either summarizing or raising an error.
@@ -698,7 +695,6 @@ def handle_context_length(
         messages: List of messages to summarize
         llm: LLM instance for summarization
         callbacks: List of callbacks for LLM
-        i18n: I18N instance for messages
 
     Raises:
         SystemExit: If context length is exceeded and user opts not to summarize
@@ -710,7 +706,7 @@ def handle_context_length(
                 color="yellow",
             )
         summarize_messages(
-            messages=messages, llm=llm, callbacks=callbacks, i18n=i18n, verbose=verbose
+            messages=messages, llm=llm, callbacks=callbacks, verbose=verbose
         )
     else:
         if verbose:
@@ -863,7 +859,6 @@ async def _asummarize_chunks(
     chunks: list[list[LLMMessage]],
     llm: LLM | BaseLLM,
     callbacks: list[TokenCalcHandler],
-    i18n: I18N,
 ) -> list[SummaryContent]:
     """Summarize multiple message chunks concurrently using asyncio.
 
@@ -871,7 +866,6 @@ async def _asummarize_chunks(
         chunks: List of message chunks to summarize.
         llm: LLM instance (must support ``acall``).
         callbacks: List of callbacks for the LLM.
-        i18n: I18N instance for prompt templates.
 
     Returns:
         Ordered list of summary contents, one per chunk.
@@ -881,10 +875,10 @@ async def _asummarize_chunks(
         conversation_text = _format_messages_for_summary(chunk)
         summarization_messages = [
             format_message_for_llm(
-                i18n.slice("summarizer_system_message"), role="system"
+                I18N_DEFAULT.slice("summarizer_system_message"), role="system"
             ),
             format_message_for_llm(
-                i18n.slice("summarize_instruction").format(
+                I18N_DEFAULT.slice("summarize_instruction").format(
                     conversation=conversation_text
                 ),
             ),
@@ -901,7 +895,6 @@ def summarize_messages(
     messages: list[LLMMessage],
     llm: LLM | BaseLLM,
     callbacks: list[TokenCalcHandler],
-    i18n: I18N,
     verbose: bool = True,
 ) -> None:
     """Summarize messages to fit within context window.
@@ -917,7 +910,6 @@ def summarize_messages(
         messages: List of messages to summarize (modified in-place)
         llm: LLM instance for summarization
         callbacks: List of callbacks for LLM
-        i18n: I18N instance for messages
         verbose: Whether to print progress.
     """
     # 1. Extract & preserve file attachments from user messages
@@ -953,10 +945,10 @@ def summarize_messages(
             conversation_text = _format_messages_for_summary(chunk)
             summarization_messages = [
                 format_message_for_llm(
-                    i18n.slice("summarizer_system_message"), role="system"
+                    I18N_DEFAULT.slice("summarizer_system_message"), role="system"
                 ),
                 format_message_for_llm(
-                    i18n.slice("summarize_instruction").format(
+                    I18N_DEFAULT.slice("summarize_instruction").format(
                         conversation=conversation_text
                     ),
                 ),
@@ -971,9 +963,7 @@ def summarize_messages(
                 content=f"Summarizing {total_chunks} chunks in parallel...",
                 color="yellow",
             )
-        coro = _asummarize_chunks(
-            chunks=chunks, llm=llm, callbacks=callbacks, i18n=i18n
-        )
+        coro = _asummarize_chunks(chunks=chunks, llm=llm, callbacks=callbacks)
         if is_inside_event_loop():
             ctx = contextvars.copy_context()
             with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as pool:
@@ -988,7 +978,7 @@ def summarize_messages(
     messages.extend(system_messages)
 
     summary_message = format_message_for_llm(
-        i18n.slice("summary").format(merged_summary=merged_summary)
+        I18N_DEFAULT.slice("summary").format(merged_summary=merged_summary)
     )
     if preserved_files:
         summary_message["files"] = preserved_files

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/converter.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
 from typing_extensions import Unpack
 
 from crewai.agents.agent_builder.utilities.base_output_converter import OutputConverter
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.internal_instructor import InternalInstructor
 from crewai.utilities.printer import PRINTER
 from crewai.utilities.pydantic_schema_utils import generate_model_description
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.llms.base_llm import BaseLLM
 
 _JSON_PATTERN: Final[re.Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"({.*})", re.DOTALL)
-_I18N = get_i18n()
+_I18N = I18N_DEFAULT
 
 
 class ConverterError(Exception):

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/evaluators/task_evaluator.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 from crewai.events.event_bus import crewai_event_bus
 from crewai.events.types.task_events import TaskEvaluationEvent
 from crewai.utilities.converter import Converter
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.pydantic_schema_utils import generate_model_description
 from crewai.utilities.training_converter import TrainingConverter
 
@@ -98,11 +98,9 @@ class TaskEvaluator:
 
         if not self.llm.supports_function_calling():  # type: ignore[union-attr]
             schema_dict = generate_model_description(TaskEvaluation)
-            output_schema: str = (
-                get_i18n()
-                .slice("formatted_task_instructions")
-                .format(output_format=json.dumps(schema_dict, indent=2))
-            )
+            output_schema: str = I18N_DEFAULT.slice(
+                "formatted_task_instructions"
+            ).format(output_format=json.dumps(schema_dict, indent=2))
             instructions = f"{instructions}\n\n{output_schema}"
 
         converter = Converter(
@@ -174,11 +172,9 @@ class TaskEvaluator:
 
         if not self.llm.supports_function_calling():  # type: ignore[union-attr]
             schema_dict = generate_model_description(TrainingTaskEvaluation)
-            output_schema: str = (
-                get_i18n()
-                .slice("formatted_task_instructions")
-                .format(output_format=json.dumps(schema_dict, indent=2))
-            )
+            output_schema: str = I18N_DEFAULT.slice(
+                "formatted_task_instructions"
+            ).format(output_format=json.dumps(schema_dict, indent=2))
             instructions = f"{instructions}\n\n{output_schema}"
 
         converter = TrainingConverter(

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/i18n.py

@@ -142,3 +142,6 @@ def get_i18n(prompt_file: str | None = None) -> I18N:
         Cached I18N instance.
     """
     return I18N(prompt_file=prompt_file)
+
+
+I18N_DEFAULT: I18N = get_i18n()

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/prompts.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import Any, Literal
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N, get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 
 
 class StandardPromptResult(BaseModel):
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ class Prompts(BaseModel):
         - Need to refactor so that prompt is not tightly coupled to agent.
     """
 
-    i18n: I18N = Field(default_factory=get_i18n)
     has_tools: bool = Field(
         default=False, description="Indicates if the agent has access to tools"
     )
@@ -140,13 +139,13 @@ class Prompts(BaseModel):
         if not system_template or not prompt_template:
             # If any of the required templates are missing, fall back to the default format
             prompt_parts: list[str] = [
-                self.i18n.slice(component) for component in components
+                I18N_DEFAULT.slice(component) for component in components
             ]
             prompt = "".join(prompt_parts)
         else:
             # All templates are provided, use them
             template_parts: list[str] = [
-                self.i18n.slice(component)
+                I18N_DEFAULT.slice(component)
                 for component in components
                 if component != "task"
             ]
@@ -154,7 +153,7 @@ class Prompts(BaseModel):
                 "{{ .System }}", "".join(template_parts)
             )
             prompt = prompt_template.replace(
-                "{{ .Prompt }}", "".join(self.i18n.slice("task"))
+                "{{ .Prompt }}", "".join(I18N_DEFAULT.slice("task"))
             )
             # Handle missing response_template
             if response_template:

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/reasoning_handler.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from crewai.events.types.reasoning_events import (
     AgentReasoningStartedEvent,
 )
 from crewai.llm import LLM
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.llm_utils import create_llm
 from crewai.utilities.planning_types import PlanStep
 from crewai.utilities.string_utils import sanitize_tool_name
@@ -481,17 +482,17 @@ class AgentReasoning:
         """Get the system prompt for planning.
 
         Returns:
-            The system prompt, either custom or from i18n.
+            The system prompt, either custom or from I18N_DEFAULT.
         """
         if self.config.system_prompt is not None:
             return self.config.system_prompt
 
         # Try new "planning" section first, fall back to "reasoning" for compatibility
         try:
-            return self.agent.i18n.retrieve("planning", "system_prompt")
+            return I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("planning", "system_prompt")
         except (KeyError, AttributeError):
             # Fallback to reasoning section for backward compatibility
-            return self.agent.i18n.retrieve("reasoning", "initial_plan").format(
+            return I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("reasoning", "initial_plan").format(
                 role=self.agent.role,
                 goal=self.agent.goal,
                 backstory=self._get_agent_backstory(),
@@ -527,7 +528,7 @@ class AgentReasoning:
 
         # Try new "planning" section first
         try:
-            return self.agent.i18n.retrieve("planning", "create_plan_prompt").format(
+            return I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("planning", "create_plan_prompt").format(
                 description=self.description,
                 expected_output=self.expected_output,
                 tools=available_tools,
@@ -535,7 +536,7 @@ class AgentReasoning:
             )
         except (KeyError, AttributeError):
             # Fallback to reasoning section for backward compatibility
-            return self.agent.i18n.retrieve("reasoning", "create_plan_prompt").format(
+            return I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("reasoning", "create_plan_prompt").format(
                 role=self.agent.role,
                 goal=self.agent.goal,
                 backstory=self._get_agent_backstory(),
@@ -584,12 +585,12 @@ class AgentReasoning:
 
         # Try new "planning" section first
         try:
-            return self.agent.i18n.retrieve("planning", "refine_plan_prompt").format(
+            return I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("planning", "refine_plan_prompt").format(
                 current_plan=current_plan,
             )
         except (KeyError, AttributeError):
             # Fallback to reasoning section for backward compatibility
-            return self.agent.i18n.retrieve("reasoning", "refine_plan_prompt").format(
+            return I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("reasoning", "refine_plan_prompt").format(
                 role=self.agent.role,
                 goal=self.agent.goal,
                 backstory=self._get_agent_backstory(),
@@ -642,7 +643,7 @@ def _call_llm_with_reasoning_prompt(
     Returns:
         The LLM response.
     """
-    system_prompt = reasoning_agent.i18n.retrieve("reasoning", plan_type).format(
+    system_prompt = I18N_DEFAULT.retrieve("reasoning", plan_type).format(
         role=reasoning_agent.role,
         goal=reasoning_agent.goal,
         backstory=backstory,

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/tool_utils.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from crewai.security.fingerprint import Fingerprint
 from crewai.tools.structured_tool import CrewStructuredTool
 from crewai.tools.tool_types import ToolResult
 from crewai.tools.tool_usage import ToolUsage, ToolUsageError
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N
+from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 from crewai.utilities.logger import Logger
 from crewai.utilities.string_utils import sanitize_tool_name
 
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 async def aexecute_tool_and_check_finality(
     agent_action: AgentAction,
     tools: list[CrewStructuredTool],
-    i18n: I18N,
     agent_key: str | None = None,
     agent_role: str | None = None,
     tools_handler: ToolsHandler | None = None,
@@ -49,7 +48,6 @@ async def aexecute_tool_and_check_finality(
     Args:
         agent_action: The action containing the tool to execute.
         tools: List of available tools.
-        i18n: Internationalization settings.
         agent_key: Optional key for event emission.
         agent_role: Optional role for event emission.
         tools_handler: Optional tools handler for tool execution.
@@ -142,7 +140,7 @@ async def aexecute_tool_and_check_finality(
 
         return ToolResult(modified_result, tool.result_as_answer)
 
-    tool_result = i18n.errors("wrong_tool_name").format(
+    tool_result = I18N_DEFAULT.errors("wrong_tool_name").format(
         tool=sanitized_tool_name,
         tools=", ".join(tool_name_to_tool_map.keys()),
     )
@@ -152,7 +150,6 @@ async def aexecute_tool_and_check_finality(
 def execute_tool_and_check_finality(
     agent_action: AgentAction,
     tools: list[CrewStructuredTool],
-    i18n: I18N,
     agent_key: str | None = None,
     agent_role: str | None = None,
     tools_handler: ToolsHandler | None = None,
@@ -170,7 +167,6 @@ def execute_tool_and_check_finality(
     Args:
         agent_action: The action containing the tool to execute
         tools: List of available tools
-        i18n: Internationalization settings
         agent_key: Optional key for event emission
         agent_role: Optional role for event emission
         tools_handler: Optional tools handler for tool execution
@@ -263,7 +259,7 @@ def execute_tool_and_check_finality(
 
         return ToolResult(modified_result, tool.result_as_answer)
 
-    tool_result = i18n.errors("wrong_tool_name").format(
+    tool_result = I18N_DEFAULT.errors("wrong_tool_name").format(
         tool=sanitized_tool_name,
         tools=", ".join(tool_name_to_tool_map.keys()),
     )

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/version.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"""Version utilities for crewAI."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from functools import cache
+import importlib.metadata
+
+
+@cache
+def get_crewai_version() -> str:
+    """Get the installed crewAI version string."""
+    return importlib.metadata.version("crewai")

lib/crewai/tests/agents/test_agent.py

@@ -1064,6 +1064,59 @@ def test_agent_use_trained_data(crew_training_handler):
     )
 
 
+@patch("crewai.agent.core.CrewTrainingHandler")
+def test_agent_use_trained_data_with_custom_filename(crew_training_handler):
+    """Test that _use_trained_data respects a custom filename when provided."""
+    task_prompt = "What is 1 + 1?"
+    agent = Agent(
+        role="researcher",
+        goal="test goal",
+        backstory="test backstory",
+        verbose=True,
+    )
+    crew_training_handler.return_value.load.return_value = {
+        agent.role: {
+            "suggestions": [
+                "The result of the math operation must be right.",
+                "Result must be better than 1.",
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+
+    custom_filename = "my_custom_trained.pkl"
+    result = agent._use_trained_data(
+        task_prompt=task_prompt, trained_agents_data_file=custom_filename
+    )
+
+    assert (
+        result == "What is 1 + 1?\n\nYou MUST follow these instructions: \n"
+        " - The result of the math operation must be right.\n - Result must be better than 1."
+    )
+    crew_training_handler.assert_has_calls(
+        [mock.call(custom_filename), mock.call().load()]
+    )
+
+
+@patch("crewai.agent.core.CrewTrainingHandler")
+def test_agent_use_trained_data_defaults_without_custom_filename(crew_training_handler):
+    """Test that _use_trained_data falls back to the default file when no custom filename is given."""
+    task_prompt = "What is 1 + 1?"
+    agent = Agent(
+        role="researcher",
+        goal="test goal",
+        backstory="test backstory",
+        verbose=True,
+    )
+    crew_training_handler.return_value.load.return_value = {}
+
+    result = agent._use_trained_data(task_prompt=task_prompt)
+
+    assert result == task_prompt
+    crew_training_handler.assert_has_calls(
+        [mock.call("trained_agents_data.pkl"), mock.call().load()]
+    )
+
+
 def test_agent_max_retry_limit():
     agent = Agent(
         role="test role",
@@ -1208,12 +1261,10 @@ def test_llm_call_with_error():
 def test_handle_context_length_exceeds_limit():
     # Import necessary modules
     from crewai.utilities.agent_utils import handle_context_length
-    from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N
     from crewai.utilities.printer import Printer
 
     # Create mocks for dependencies
     printer = Printer()
-    i18n = I18N()
 
     # Create an agent just for its LLM
     agent = Agent(
@@ -1249,7 +1300,6 @@ def test_handle_context_length_exceeds_limit():
                 messages=messages,
                 llm=llm,
                 callbacks=callbacks,
-                i18n=i18n,
             )
 
         # Verify our patch was called and raised the correct error
@@ -1994,7 +2044,7 @@ def test_litellm_anthropic_error_handling():
 @pytest.mark.vcr()
 def test_get_knowledge_search_query():
     """Test that _get_knowledge_search_query calls the LLM with the correct prompts."""
-    from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N
+    from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N_DEFAULT
 
     content = "The capital of France is Paris."
     string_source = StringKnowledgeSource(content=content)
@@ -2013,7 +2063,6 @@ def test_get_knowledge_search_query():
         agent=agent,
     )
 
-    i18n = I18N()
     task_prompt = task.prompt()
 
     with (
@@ -2050,13 +2099,13 @@ def test_get_knowledge_search_query():
             [
                 {
                     "role": "system",
-                    "content": i18n.slice(
+                    "content": I18N_DEFAULT.slice(
                         "knowledge_search_query_system_prompt"
                     ).format(task_prompt=task.description),
                 },
                 {
                     "role": "user",
-                    "content": i18n.slice("knowledge_search_query").format(
+                    "content": I18N_DEFAULT.slice("knowledge_search_query").format(
                         task_prompt=task_prompt
                     ),
                 },

lib/crewai/tests/agents/test_agent_executor.py

@@ -48,8 +48,6 @@ def _build_executor(**kwargs: Any) -> AgentExecutor:
     executor._last_context_error = None
     executor._step_executor = None
     executor._planner_observer = None
-    from crewai.utilities.i18n import get_i18n
-    executor._i18n = kwargs.get("i18n") or get_i18n()
     return executor
 from crewai.agents.planner_observer import PlannerObserver
 from crewai.experimental.agent_executor import (

lib/crewai/tests/test_checkpoint.py

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-"""Tests for CheckpointConfig, checkpoint listener, and pruning."""
+"""Tests for CheckpointConfig, checkpoint listener, pruning, and forking."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import json
 import os
+import sqlite3
 import tempfile
 import time
 from typing import Any
@@ -21,6 +23,8 @@ from crewai.state.checkpoint_listener import (
     _SENTINEL,
 )
 from crewai.state.provider.json_provider import JsonProvider
+from crewai.state.provider.sqlite_provider import SqliteProvider
+from crewai.state.runtime import RuntimeState
 from crewai.task import Task
 
 
@@ -116,35 +120,41 @@ class TestFindCheckpoint:
 class TestPrune:
     def test_prune_keeps_newest(self) -> None:
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            branch_dir = os.path.join(d, "main")
+            os.makedirs(branch_dir)
             for i in range(5):
-                path = os.path.join(d, f"cp_{i}.json")
+                path = os.path.join(branch_dir, f"cp_{i}.json")
                 with open(path, "w") as f:
                     f.write("{}")
                 # Ensure distinct mtime
                 time.sleep(0.01)
 
-            JsonProvider().prune(d, max_keep=2)
-            remaining = os.listdir(d)
+            JsonProvider().prune(d, max_keep=2, branch="main")
+            remaining = os.listdir(branch_dir)
             assert len(remaining) == 2
             assert "cp_3.json" in remaining
             assert "cp_4.json" in remaining
 
     def test_prune_zero_removes_all(self) -> None:
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            branch_dir = os.path.join(d, "main")
+            os.makedirs(branch_dir)
             for i in range(3):
-                with open(os.path.join(d, f"cp_{i}.json"), "w") as f:
+                with open(os.path.join(branch_dir, f"cp_{i}.json"), "w") as f:
                     f.write("{}")
 
-            JsonProvider().prune(d, max_keep=0)
-            assert os.listdir(d) == []
+            JsonProvider().prune(d, max_keep=0, branch="main")
+            assert os.listdir(branch_dir) == []
 
     def test_prune_more_than_existing(self) -> None:
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
-            with open(os.path.join(d, "cp.json"), "w") as f:
+            branch_dir = os.path.join(d, "main")
+            os.makedirs(branch_dir)
+            with open(os.path.join(branch_dir, "cp.json"), "w") as f:
                 f.write("{}")
 
-            JsonProvider().prune(d, max_keep=10)
-            assert len(os.listdir(d)) == 1
+            JsonProvider().prune(d, max_keep=10, branch="main")
+            assert len(os.listdir(branch_dir)) == 1
 
 
 # ---------- CheckpointConfig ----------
@@ -162,8 +172,367 @@ class TestCheckpointConfig:
         cfg = CheckpointConfig(on_events=["*"])
         assert cfg.trigger_all
 
+    def test_restore_from_field(self) -> None:
+        cfg = CheckpointConfig(restore_from="/path/to/checkpoint.json")
+        assert cfg.restore_from == "/path/to/checkpoint.json"
+
+    def test_restore_from_default_none(self) -> None:
+        cfg = CheckpointConfig()
+        assert cfg.restore_from is None
+
     def test_trigger_events(self) -> None:
         cfg = CheckpointConfig(
             on_events=["task_completed", "crew_kickoff_completed"]
         )
         assert cfg.trigger_events == {"task_completed", "crew_kickoff_completed"}
+
+
+# ---------- RuntimeState lineage ----------
+
+
+class TestRuntimeStateLineage:
+    def _make_state(self) -> RuntimeState:
+        from crewai import Agent, Crew
+
+        agent = Agent(role="r", goal="g", backstory="b", llm="gpt-4o-mini")
+        crew = Crew(agents=[agent], tasks=[], verbose=False)
+        return RuntimeState(root=[crew])
+
+    def test_default_lineage_fields(self) -> None:
+        state = self._make_state()
+        assert state._checkpoint_id is None
+        assert state._parent_id is None
+        assert state._branch == "main"
+
+    def test_serialize_includes_version(self) -> None:
+        from crewai.utilities.version import get_crewai_version
+
+        state = self._make_state()
+        dumped = json.loads(state.model_dump_json())
+        assert dumped["crewai_version"] == get_crewai_version()
+
+    def test_deserialize_migrates_on_version_mismatch(self, caplog: Any) -> None:
+        import logging
+
+        state = self._make_state()
+        raw = state.model_dump_json()
+        data = json.loads(raw)
+        data["crewai_version"] = "0.1.0"
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG):
+            RuntimeState.model_validate_json(
+                json.dumps(data), context={"from_checkpoint": True}
+            )
+        assert "Migrating checkpoint from crewAI 0.1.0" in caplog.text
+
+    def test_deserialize_warns_on_missing_version(self, caplog: Any) -> None:
+        import logging
+
+        state = self._make_state()
+        raw = state.model_dump_json()
+        data = json.loads(raw)
+        data.pop("crewai_version", None)
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+            RuntimeState.model_validate_json(
+                json.dumps(data), context={"from_checkpoint": True}
+            )
+        assert "treating as 0.0.0" in caplog.text
+
+    def test_serialize_includes_lineage(self) -> None:
+        state = self._make_state()
+        state._parent_id = "parent456"
+        state._branch = "experiment"
+        dumped = json.loads(state.model_dump_json())
+        assert dumped["parent_id"] == "parent456"
+        assert dumped["branch"] == "experiment"
+        assert "checkpoint_id" not in dumped
+
+    def test_deserialize_restores_lineage(self) -> None:
+        state = self._make_state()
+        state._parent_id = "parent456"
+        state._branch = "experiment"
+        raw = state.model_dump_json()
+        restored = RuntimeState.model_validate_json(
+            raw, context={"from_checkpoint": True}
+        )
+        assert restored._parent_id == "parent456"
+        assert restored._branch == "experiment"
+
+    def test_deserialize_defaults_missing_lineage(self) -> None:
+        state = self._make_state()
+        raw = state.model_dump_json()
+        data = json.loads(raw)
+        data.pop("parent_id", None)
+        data.pop("branch", None)
+        restored = RuntimeState.model_validate_json(
+            json.dumps(data), context={"from_checkpoint": True}
+        )
+        assert restored._parent_id is None
+        assert restored._branch == "main"
+
+    def test_from_checkpoint_sets_checkpoint_id(self) -> None:
+        """from_checkpoint sets _checkpoint_id from the location, not the blob."""
+        state = self._make_state()
+        state._provider = JsonProvider()
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            loc = state.checkpoint(d)
+            written_id = state._checkpoint_id
+
+            cfg = CheckpointConfig(restore_from=loc)
+            restored = RuntimeState.from_checkpoint(
+                cfg, context={"from_checkpoint": True}
+            )
+            assert restored._checkpoint_id == written_id
+            assert restored._parent_id == written_id
+
+    def test_fork_sets_branch(self) -> None:
+        state = self._make_state()
+        state._checkpoint_id = "abc12345"
+        state._parent_id = "abc12345"
+        state.fork("my-experiment")
+        assert state._branch == "my-experiment"
+        assert state._parent_id == "abc12345"
+
+    def test_fork_auto_branch(self) -> None:
+        state = self._make_state()
+        state._checkpoint_id = "20260409T120000_abc12345"
+        state.fork()
+        assert state._branch == "fork/20260409T120000_abc12345"
+
+    def test_fork_no_checkpoint_id_unique(self) -> None:
+        state = self._make_state()
+        state.fork()
+        assert state._branch.startswith("fork/")
+        assert len(state._branch) == len("fork/") + 8
+        # Two forks without checkpoint_id produce different branches
+        first = state._branch
+        state.fork()
+        assert state._branch != first
+
+
+# ---------- JsonProvider forking ----------
+
+
+class TestJsonProviderFork:
+    def test_checkpoint_writes_to_branch_subdir(self) -> None:
+        provider = JsonProvider()
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            path = provider.checkpoint("{}", d, branch="main")
+            assert "/main/" in path
+            assert path.endswith(".json")
+            assert os.path.isfile(path)
+
+    def test_checkpoint_fork_branch_subdir(self) -> None:
+        provider = JsonProvider()
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            path = provider.checkpoint("{}", d, branch="fork/exp1")
+            assert "/fork/exp1/" in path
+            assert os.path.isfile(path)
+
+    def test_prune_branch_aware(self) -> None:
+        provider = JsonProvider()
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            # Write 3 checkpoints on main, 2 on fork
+            for _ in range(3):
+                provider.checkpoint("{}", d, branch="main")
+                time.sleep(0.01)
+            for _ in range(2):
+                provider.checkpoint("{}", d, branch="fork/a")
+                time.sleep(0.01)
+
+            # Prune main to 1
+            provider.prune(d, max_keep=1, branch="main")
+
+            main_dir = os.path.join(d, "main")
+            fork_dir = os.path.join(d, "fork", "a")
+            assert len(os.listdir(main_dir)) == 1
+            assert len(os.listdir(fork_dir)) == 2  # untouched
+
+    def test_extract_id(self) -> None:
+        provider = JsonProvider()
+        assert provider.extract_id("/dir/main/20260409T120000_abc12345_p-none.json") == "20260409T120000_abc12345"
+        assert provider.extract_id("/dir/main/20260409T120000_abc12345_p-20260409T115900_def67890.json") == "20260409T120000_abc12345"
+
+    def test_branch_traversal_rejected(self) -> None:
+        provider = JsonProvider()
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="escapes checkpoint directory"):
+                provider.checkpoint("{}", d, branch="../../etc")
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="escapes checkpoint directory"):
+                provider.prune(d, max_keep=1, branch="../../etc")
+
+    def test_filename_encodes_parent_id(self) -> None:
+        provider = JsonProvider()
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            # First checkpoint — no parent
+            path1 = provider.checkpoint("{}", d, branch="main")
+            assert "_p-none.json" in path1
+
+            # Second checkpoint — with parent
+            id1 = provider.extract_id(path1)
+            path2 = provider.checkpoint("{}", d, parent_id=id1, branch="main")
+            assert f"_p-{id1}.json" in path2
+
+    def test_checkpoint_chaining(self) -> None:
+        """RuntimeState.checkpoint() chains parent_id after each write."""
+        state = self._make_state()
+        state._provider = JsonProvider()
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            state.checkpoint(d)
+            id1 = state._checkpoint_id
+            assert id1 is not None
+            assert state._parent_id == id1
+
+            loc2 = state.checkpoint(d)
+            id2 = state._checkpoint_id
+            assert id2 is not None
+            assert id2 != id1
+            assert state._parent_id == id2
+
+            # Verify the second checkpoint blob has parent_id == id1
+            with open(loc2) as f:
+                data2 = json.loads(f.read())
+            assert data2["parent_id"] == id1
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_acheckpoint_chaining(self) -> None:
+        """Async checkpoint path chains lineage identically to sync."""
+        state = self._make_state()
+        state._provider = JsonProvider()
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            await state.acheckpoint(d)
+            id1 = state._checkpoint_id
+            assert id1 is not None
+
+            loc2 = await state.acheckpoint(d)
+            id2 = state._checkpoint_id
+            assert id2 != id1
+            assert state._parent_id == id2
+
+            with open(loc2) as f:
+                data2 = json.loads(f.read())
+            assert data2["parent_id"] == id1
+
+    def _make_state(self) -> RuntimeState:
+        from crewai import Agent, Crew
+
+        agent = Agent(role="r", goal="g", backstory="b", llm="gpt-4o-mini")
+        crew = Crew(agents=[agent], tasks=[], verbose=False)
+        return RuntimeState(root=[crew])
+
+
+# ---------- SqliteProvider forking ----------
+
+
+class TestSqliteProviderFork:
+    def test_checkpoint_stores_branch_and_parent(self) -> None:
+        provider = SqliteProvider()
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            db = os.path.join(d, "cp.db")
+            loc = provider.checkpoint("{}", db, parent_id="p1", branch="exp")
+            cid = provider.extract_id(loc)
+
+            with sqlite3.connect(db) as conn:
+                row = conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT parent_id, branch FROM checkpoints WHERE id = ?",
+                    (cid,),
+                ).fetchone()
+            assert row == ("p1", "exp")
+
+    def test_prune_branch_aware(self) -> None:
+        provider = SqliteProvider()
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            db = os.path.join(d, "cp.db")
+            for _ in range(3):
+                provider.checkpoint("{}", db, branch="main")
+            for _ in range(2):
+                provider.checkpoint("{}", db, branch="fork/a")
+
+            provider.prune(db, max_keep=1, branch="main")
+
+            with sqlite3.connect(db) as conn:
+                main_count = conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM checkpoints WHERE branch = 'main'"
+                ).fetchone()[0]
+                fork_count = conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM checkpoints WHERE branch = 'fork/a'"
+                ).fetchone()[0]
+            assert main_count == 1
+            assert fork_count == 2
+
+    def test_extract_id(self) -> None:
+        provider = SqliteProvider()
+        assert provider.extract_id("/path/to/db#abc123") == "abc123"
+
+    def test_checkpoint_chaining_sqlite(self) -> None:
+        state = self._make_state()
+        state._provider = SqliteProvider()
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            db = os.path.join(d, "cp.db")
+            state.checkpoint(db)
+            id1 = state._checkpoint_id
+
+            state.checkpoint(db)
+            id2 = state._checkpoint_id
+            assert id2 != id1
+
+            # Second row should have parent_id == id1
+            with sqlite3.connect(db) as conn:
+                row = conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT parent_id FROM checkpoints WHERE id = ?", (id2,)
+                ).fetchone()
+            assert row[0] == id1
+
+    def _make_state(self) -> RuntimeState:
+        from crewai import Agent, Crew
+
+        agent = Agent(role="r", goal="g", backstory="b", llm="gpt-4o-mini")
+        crew = Crew(agents=[agent], tasks=[], verbose=False)
+        return RuntimeState(root=[crew])
+
+
+# ---------- Kickoff from_checkpoint parameter ----------
+
+
+class TestKickoffFromCheckpoint:
+    def test_crew_kickoff_delegates_to_from_checkpoint(self) -> None:
+        mock_restored = MagicMock(spec=Crew)
+        mock_restored.kickoff.return_value = "result"
+
+        cfg = CheckpointConfig(restore_from="/path/to/cp.json")
+        with patch.object(Crew, "from_checkpoint", return_value=mock_restored):
+            agent = Agent(role="r", goal="g", backstory="b", llm="gpt-4o-mini")
+            crew = Crew(agents=[agent], tasks=[], verbose=False)
+            result = crew.kickoff(inputs={"k": "v"}, from_checkpoint=cfg)
+
+        mock_restored.kickoff.assert_called_once_with(
+            inputs={"k": "v"}, input_files=None
+        )
+        assert mock_restored.checkpoint.restore_from is None
+        assert result == "result"
+
+    def test_crew_kickoff_config_only_sets_checkpoint(self) -> None:
+        cfg = CheckpointConfig(on_events=["task_completed"])
+        agent = Agent(role="r", goal="g", backstory="b", llm="gpt-4o-mini")
+        crew = Crew(agents=[agent], tasks=[], verbose=False)
+        assert crew.checkpoint is None
+        with patch("crewai.crew.get_env_context"), \
+             patch("crewai.crew.prepare_kickoff", side_effect=RuntimeError("stop")):
+            with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="stop"):
+                crew.kickoff(from_checkpoint=cfg)
+        assert isinstance(crew.checkpoint, CheckpointConfig)
+        assert crew.checkpoint.on_events == ["task_completed"]
+
+    def test_flow_kickoff_delegates_to_from_checkpoint(self) -> None:
+        mock_restored = MagicMock(spec=Flow)
+        mock_restored.kickoff.return_value = "flow_result"
+
+        cfg = CheckpointConfig(restore_from="/path/to/flow_cp.json")
+        with patch.object(Flow, "from_checkpoint", return_value=mock_restored):
+            flow = Flow()
+            result = flow.kickoff(from_checkpoint=cfg)
+
+        mock_restored.kickoff.assert_called_once_with(
+            inputs=None, input_files=None
+        )
+        assert mock_restored.checkpoint.restore_from is None
+        assert result == "flow_result"

lib/crewai/tests/test_crew.py

@@ -2971,6 +2971,75 @@ def test__setup_for_training(researcher, writer):
         assert agent.allow_delegation is False
 
 
+def test_crew_trained_agents_data_file_defaults(researcher, writer):
+    """Test that Crew.trained_agents_data_file defaults to 'trained_agents_data.pkl'."""
+    task = Task(
+        description="Test task",
+        expected_output="Test output",
+        agent=researcher,
+    )
+    crew = Crew(agents=[researcher, writer], tasks=[task])
+    assert crew.trained_agents_data_file == "trained_agents_data.pkl"
+
+
+def test_crew_trained_agents_data_file_custom(researcher, writer):
+    """Test that Crew.trained_agents_data_file can be set to a custom value."""
+    task = Task(
+        description="Test task",
+        expected_output="Test output",
+        agent=researcher,
+    )
+    crew = Crew(
+        agents=[researcher, writer],
+        tasks=[task],
+        trained_agents_data_file="my_custom_trained.pkl",
+    )
+    assert crew.trained_agents_data_file == "my_custom_trained.pkl"
+
+
+@patch("crewai.agent.core.CrewTrainingHandler")
+def test_apply_training_data_uses_crew_custom_filename(mock_handler, researcher):
+    """Test that apply_training_data propagates the crew's trained_agents_data_file."""
+    from crewai.agent.utils import apply_training_data
+
+    task = Task(
+        description="Test task",
+        expected_output="Test output",
+        agent=researcher,
+    )
+    crew = Crew(
+        agents=[researcher],
+        tasks=[task],
+        trained_agents_data_file="my_custom_trained.pkl",
+    )
+    researcher.crew = crew
+
+    mock_handler.return_value.load.return_value = {
+        researcher.role: {
+            "suggestions": ["Be concise."]
+        }
+    }
+
+    result = apply_training_data(researcher, "Do the task")
+
+    mock_handler.assert_called_with("my_custom_trained.pkl")
+    assert "Be concise." in result
+
+
+@patch("crewai.agent.core.CrewTrainingHandler")
+def test_apply_training_data_uses_default_when_no_crew(mock_handler, researcher):
+    """Test that apply_training_data falls back to the default file when agent has no crew."""
+    from crewai.agent.utils import apply_training_data
+
+    researcher.crew = None
+    mock_handler.return_value.load.return_value = {}
+
+    result = apply_training_data(researcher, "Do the task")
+
+    mock_handler.assert_called_with("trained_agents_data.pkl")
+    assert result == "Do the task"
+
+
 @pytest.mark.vcr()
 def test_replay_feature(researcher, writer):
     list_ideas = Task(

lib/crewai/tests/tools/test_tool_usage.py

@@ -308,7 +308,6 @@ def test_validate_tool_input_invalid_input():
     mock_agent.key = "test_agent_key"  # Must be a string
     mock_agent.role = "test_agent_role"  # Must be a string
     mock_agent._original_role = "test_agent_role"  # Must be a string
-    mock_agent.i18n = MagicMock()
     mock_agent.verbose = False
 
     # Create mock action with proper string value
@@ -443,7 +442,6 @@ def test_tool_selection_error_event_direct():
     mock_agent = MagicMock()
     mock_agent.key = "test_key"
     mock_agent.role = "test_role"
-    mock_agent.i18n = MagicMock()
     mock_agent.verbose = False
 
     mock_task = MagicMock()
@@ -518,13 +516,6 @@ def test_tool_validate_input_error_event():
     mock_agent.verbose = False
     mock_agent._original_role = "test_role"
 
-    # Mock i18n with error message
-    mock_i18n = MagicMock()
-    mock_i18n.errors.return_value = (
-        "Tool input must be a valid dictionary in JSON or Python literal format"
-    )
-    mock_agent.i18n = mock_i18n
-
     # Mock task and tools handler
     mock_task = MagicMock()
     mock_tools_handler = MagicMock()
@@ -590,7 +581,6 @@ def test_tool_usage_finished_event_with_result():
     mock_agent.key = "test_agent_key"
     mock_agent.role = "test_agent_role"
     mock_agent._original_role = "test_agent_role"
-    mock_agent.i18n = MagicMock()
     mock_agent.verbose = False
 
     # Create mock task
@@ -670,7 +660,6 @@ def test_tool_usage_finished_event_with_cached_result():
     mock_agent.key = "test_agent_key"
     mock_agent.role = "test_agent_role"
     mock_agent._original_role = "test_agent_role"
-    mock_agent.i18n = MagicMock()
     mock_agent.verbose = False
 
     # Create mock task
@@ -761,9 +750,6 @@ def test_tool_error_does_not_emit_finished_event():
     mock_agent._original_role = "test_agent_role"
     mock_agent.verbose = False
     mock_agent.fingerprint = None
-    mock_agent.i18n.tools.return_value = {"name": "Add Image"}
-    mock_agent.i18n.errors.return_value = "Error: {error}"
-    mock_agent.i18n.slice.return_value = "Available tools: {tool_names}"
 
     mock_task = MagicMock()
     mock_task.delegations = 0

lib/crewai/tests/utilities/test_agent_utils.py

@@ -225,16 +225,6 @@ class TestConvertToolsToOpenaiSchema:
         assert max_results_prop["default"] == 10
 
 
-def _make_mock_i18n() -> MagicMock:
-    """Create a mock i18n with the new structured prompt keys."""
-    mock_i18n = MagicMock()
-    mock_i18n.slice.side_effect = lambda key: {
-        "summarizer_system_message": "You are a precise assistant that creates structured summaries.",
-        "summarize_instruction": "Summarize the conversation:\n{conversation}",
-        "summary": "<summary>\n{merged_summary}\n</summary>\nContinue the task.",
-    }.get(key, "")
-    return mock_i18n
-
 class MCPStyleInput(BaseModel):
     """Input schema mimicking an MCP tool with optional fields."""
 
@@ -330,7 +320,7 @@ class TestSummarizeMessages:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         # System message preserved + summary message = 2
@@ -361,7 +351,7 @@ class TestSummarizeMessages:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         assert len(messages) == 1
@@ -387,7 +377,7 @@ class TestSummarizeMessages:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         assert len(messages) == 1
@@ -410,7 +400,7 @@ class TestSummarizeMessages:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         assert id(messages) == original_list_id
@@ -432,7 +422,7 @@ class TestSummarizeMessages:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         assert len(messages) == 2
@@ -456,7 +446,7 @@ class TestSummarizeMessages:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         # Check what was passed to llm.call
@@ -482,7 +472,7 @@ class TestSummarizeMessages:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         assert "The extracted summary content." in messages[0]["content"]
@@ -506,7 +496,7 @@ class TestSummarizeMessages:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         # Verify the conversation text sent to LLM contains tool labels
@@ -528,7 +518,7 @@ class TestSummarizeMessages:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         # No LLM call should have been made
@@ -733,7 +723,7 @@ class TestParallelSummarization:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         # acall should have been awaited once per chunk
@@ -757,7 +747,7 @@ class TestParallelSummarization:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         mock_llm.call.assert_called_once()
@@ -788,7 +778,7 @@ class TestParallelSummarization:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         # The final summary message should have A, B, C in order
@@ -816,7 +806,7 @@ class TestParallelSummarization:
                 chunks=[chunk_a, chunk_b],
                 llm=mock_llm,
                 callbacks=[],
-                i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+    
             )
         )
 
@@ -843,7 +833,7 @@ class TestParallelSummarization:
             messages=messages,
             llm=mock_llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=_make_mock_i18n(),
+
         )
 
         assert mock_llm.acall.await_count == 2
@@ -940,10 +930,8 @@ class TestParallelSummarizationVCR:
     def test_parallel_summarize_openai(self) -> None:
         """Test that parallel summarization with gpt-4o-mini produces a valid summary."""
         from crewai.llm import LLM
-        from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N
 
         llm = LLM(model="gpt-4o-mini", temperature=0)
-        i18n = I18N()
         messages = _build_long_conversation()
 
         original_system = messages[0]["content"]
@@ -959,7 +947,6 @@ class TestParallelSummarizationVCR:
                 messages=messages,
                 llm=llm,
                 callbacks=[],
-                i18n=i18n,
             )
 
         # System message preserved
@@ -975,10 +962,8 @@ class TestParallelSummarizationVCR:
     def test_parallel_summarize_preserves_files(self) -> None:
         """Test that file references survive parallel summarization."""
         from crewai.llm import LLM
-        from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N
 
         llm = LLM(model="gpt-4o-mini", temperature=0)
-        i18n = I18N()
         messages = _build_long_conversation()
 
         mock_file = MagicMock()
@@ -989,7 +974,6 @@ class TestParallelSummarizationVCR:
                 messages=messages,
                 llm=llm,
                 callbacks=[],
-                i18n=i18n,
             )
 
         summary_msg = messages[-1]

lib/crewai/tests/utilities/test_structured_planning.py

@@ -147,8 +147,6 @@ class TestAgentReasoningWithMockedLLM:
         agent.backstory = "Test backstory"
         agent.verbose = False
         agent.planning_config = PlanningConfig()
-        agent.i18n = MagicMock()
-        agent.i18n.retrieve.return_value = "Test prompt: {description}"
         # Mock the llm attribute
         agent.llm = MagicMock()
         agent.llm.supports_function_calling.return_value = True

lib/crewai/tests/utilities/test_summarize_integration.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from crewai.crew import Crew
 from crewai.llm import LLM
 from crewai.task import Task
 from crewai.utilities.agent_utils import summarize_messages
-from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N
 
 
 def _build_conversation_messages(
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ class TestSummarizeDirectOpenAI:
     def test_summarize_direct_openai(self) -> None:
         """Test summarize_messages with gpt-4o-mini preserves system messages."""
         llm = LLM(model="gpt-4o-mini", temperature=0)
-        i18n = I18N()
+
         messages = _build_conversation_messages(include_system=True)
 
         original_system_content = messages[0]["content"]
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ class TestSummarizeDirectOpenAI:
             messages=messages,
             llm=llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=i18n,
+
         )
 
         # System message should be preserved
@@ -122,14 +121,14 @@ class TestSummarizeDirectAnthropic:
     def test_summarize_direct_anthropic(self) -> None:
         """Test summarize_messages with claude-3-5-haiku."""
         llm = LLM(model="anthropic/claude-3-5-haiku-latest", temperature=0)
-        i18n = I18N()
+
         messages = _build_conversation_messages(include_system=True)
 
         summarize_messages(
             messages=messages,
             llm=llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=i18n,
+
         )
 
         assert len(messages) >= 2
@@ -148,14 +147,14 @@ class TestSummarizeDirectGemini:
     def test_summarize_direct_gemini(self) -> None:
         """Test summarize_messages with gemini-2.0-flash."""
         llm = LLM(model="gemini/gemini-2.0-flash", temperature=0)
-        i18n = I18N()
+
         messages = _build_conversation_messages(include_system=True)
 
         summarize_messages(
             messages=messages,
             llm=llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=i18n,
+
         )
 
         assert len(messages) >= 2
@@ -174,14 +173,14 @@ class TestSummarizeDirectAzure:
     def test_summarize_direct_azure(self) -> None:
         """Test summarize_messages with azure/gpt-4o-mini."""
         llm = LLM(model="azure/gpt-4o-mini", temperature=0)
-        i18n = I18N()
+
         messages = _build_conversation_messages(include_system=True)
 
         summarize_messages(
             messages=messages,
             llm=llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=i18n,
+
         )
 
         assert len(messages) >= 2
@@ -261,7 +260,7 @@ class TestSummarizePreservesFiles:
     def test_summarize_preserves_files_integration(self) -> None:
         """Test that file references survive a real summarization call."""
         llm = LLM(model="gpt-4o-mini", temperature=0)
-        i18n = I18N()
+
         messages = _build_conversation_messages(
             include_system=True, include_files=True
         )
@@ -270,7 +269,7 @@ class TestSummarizePreservesFiles:
             messages=messages,
             llm=llm,
             callbacks=[],
-            i18n=i18n,
+
         )
 
         # System message preserved

lib/devtools/src/crewai_devtools/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 """CrewAI development tools."""
 
-__version__ = "1.14.1rc1"
+__version__ = "1.14.2a1"

pyproject.toml

@@ -161,20 +161,22 @@ info = "Commits must follow Conventional Commits 1.0.0."
 
 
 [tool.uv]
-exclude-newer = "3 days"
+exclude-newer = "2026-04-10"  # pinned for CVE-2026-39892; restore to "3 days" after 2026-04-11
 
 # composio-core pins rich<14 but textual requires rich>=14.
 # onnxruntime 1.24+ dropped Python 3.10 wheels; cap it so qdrant[fastembed] resolves on 3.10.
 # fastembed 0.7.x and docling 2.63 cap pillow<12; the removed APIs don't affect them.
-# langchain-core <1.2.11 has SSRF via image_url token counting (CVE-2026-26013).
+# langchain-core <1.2.28 has GHSA-926x-3r5x-gfhw (incomplete f-string validation).
 # transformers 4.57.6 has CVE-2026-1839; force 5.4+ (docling 2.84 allows huggingface-hub>=1).
+# cryptography 46.0.6 has CVE-2026-39892; force 46.0.7+.
 override-dependencies = [
     "rich>=13.7.1",
     "onnxruntime<1.24; python_version < '3.11'",
     "pillow>=12.1.1",
-    "langchain-core>=1.2.11,<2",
+    "langchain-core>=1.2.28,<2",
     "urllib3>=2.6.3",
     "transformers>=5.4.0; python_version >= '3.10'",
+    "cryptography>=46.0.7",
 ]
 
 [tool.uv.workspace]