chore: update tool specifications

Add EnvVar import and env_vars field to DatabricksQueryTool so the host
UI knows which environment variables the tool requires. Both auth paths
(DATABRICKS_HOST+TOKEN or DATABRICKS_CONFIG_PROFILE) are marked
required=False with descriptions explaining the alternative.

.github/workflows/build-uv-cache.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6
         with:
           version: "0.11.3"
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.github/workflows/generate-tool-specs.yml

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Generate GitHub App token
         id: app-token
-        uses: tibdex/github-app-token@v2
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1 # v3.2.0
         with:
-          app_id: ${{ secrets.CREWAI_TOOL_SPECS_APP_ID }}
-          private_key: ${{ secrets.CREWAI_TOOL_SPECS_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          app-id: ${{ secrets.CREWAI_TOOL_SPECS_APP_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.CREWAI_TOOL_SPECS_PRIVATE_KEY }}
 
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
           token: ${{ steps.app-token.outputs.token }}
 
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6
         with:
           version: "0.11.3"
           python-version: "3.12"

.github/workflows/linter.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
       code: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.code }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@d1c1ffe0248fe513906c8e24db8ea791d46f8590 # v3
         id: filter
         with:
           filters: |
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
             uv-main-py3.11-
 
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6
         with:
           version: "0.11.3"
           python-version: "3.11"

.github/workflows/nightly.yml

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6
         with:
           version: "0.11.3"
           python-version: "3.12"
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
     steps:
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6
         with:
           version: "0.11.3"
           python-version: "3.12"

.github/workflows/pr-size.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       pull-requests: write
     steps:
-      - uses: codelytv/pr-size-labeler@v1
+      - uses: codelytv/pr-size-labeler@095a41fca88b8764fd9e008ad269bcdb82bb38b9 # v1
         with:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           xs_label: "size/XS"

.github/workflows/pr-title.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
   pr-title:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: amannn/action-semantic-pull-request@v5
+      - uses: amannn/action-semantic-pull-request@e32d7e603df1aa1ba07e981f2a23455dee596825 # v5
         continue-on-error: true
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: "3.12"
 
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v4
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@38f3f104447c67c051c4a08e39b64a148898af3a # v4
 
       - name: Build packages
         run: |
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ inputs.release_tag || github.ref }}
 
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6
         with:
           version: "0.11.3"
           python-version: "3.12"
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Notify Slack
         if: success()
-        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v2.1.0
+        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@b0fa283ad8fea605de13dc3f449259339835fc52 # v2.1.0
         with:
           webhook: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
           webhook-type: incoming-webhook

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
       code: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.code }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@d1c1ffe0248fe513906c8e24db8ea791d46f8590 # v3
         id: filter
         with:
           filters: |
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
             uv-main-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-
 
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6
         with:
           version: "0.11.3"
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.github/workflows/type-checker.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
       code: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.code }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@d1c1ffe0248fe513906c8e24db8ea791d46f8590 # v3
         id: filter
         with:
           filters: |
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ jobs:
             uv-main-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-
 
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6
         with:
           version: "0.11.3"
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.github/workflows/update-test-durations.yml

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
             uv-main-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-
 
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6
         with:
           version: "0.11.3"
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.github/workflows/vulnerability-scan.yml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
             uv-main-py3.11-
 
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6
         with:
           version: "0.11.3"
           python-version: "3.11"
@@ -46,11 +46,39 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run pip-audit
         run: |
           uv run pip-audit --desc --aliases --skip-editable --format json --output pip-audit-report.json \
-            --ignore-vuln CVE-2026-3219 \
-            --ignore-vuln GHSA-r374-rxx8-8654
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2024-277 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2026-89 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2026-97 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-148 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-183 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-189 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-190 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-191 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-192 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-193 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-194 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-195 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-196 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-197 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-210 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2026-139 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-211 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-212 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-213 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-214 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-215 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-216 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-217 \
+            --ignore-vuln PYSEC-2025-218
         # Ignored CVEs:
-        #   CVE-2026-3219      - pip 26.0.1 (GHSA-58qw-9mgm-455v): no fix available, archive handling issue
-        #   GHSA-r374-rxx8-8654 - paramiko 4.0.0 (SHA-1 in rsakey.py): no fix available; transitive via composio-core
+        #   PYSEC-2024-277      - joblib 1.5.3: disputed; NumpyArrayWrapper only used with trusted caches
+        #   PYSEC-2026-89       - markdown 3.10.2: DoS via malformed HTML; fix 3.8.1 — already past, advisory range is stale
+        #   PYSEC-2026-97       - nltk 3.9.4: arbitrary file read in filestring(); no fix available
+        #   PYSEC-2025-148      - onnx 1.21.0: path traversal in save_external_data; no fix available
+        #   PYSEC-2025-183      - pyjwt 2.12.1: disputed weak-encryption claim; key length is application-chosen
+        #   PYSEC-2025-189..197 - torch 2.11.0: memory-corruption/DoS in functions only reachable via untrusted models; no fix available
+        #   PYSEC-2025-210, PYSEC-2026-139 - torch 2.11.0: profiler/deserialization issues; no fix available
+        #   PYSEC-2025-211..218 - transformers 5.5.4: deserialization/code injection via malicious model checkpoints; no fix available
         continue-on-error: true
 
       - name: Display results

docs/ar/changelog.mdx

@@ -4,6 +4,111 @@ description: "تحديثات المنتج والتحسينات وإصلاحات
 icon: "clock"
 mode: "wide"
 ---
+<Update label="21 مايو 2026">
+  ## v1.14.6a1
+
+  [عرض الإصدار على GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.6a1)
+
+  ## ما الذي تغير
+
+  ### الميزات
+  - إضافة مستودع المهارات مع التسجيل، التخزين المؤقت، واجهة سطر الأوامر، وتكامل SDK
+  - توليد ملاحظات إصدار مصنفة للمؤسسات
+
+  ### إصلاحات الأخطاء
+  - تعزيز تسلسل حالة وقت التشغيل عبر حقول الكيان
+  - تحديث idna إلى 3.15 لمعالجة مشكلة الأمان GHSA-65pc-fj4g-8rjx
+  - إزالة تعبيرات JSX `{" "}` التي تعطل عرض `<Steps>`
+
+  ### الوثائق
+  - تحديث سجل التغييرات والإصدار لـ v1.14.5
+
+  ## المساهمون
+
+  @akaKuruma, @alex-clawd, @greysonlalonde
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="19 مايو 2026">
+  ## v1.14.5
+
+  [عرض الإصدار على GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.5)
+
+  ## ما الذي تغير
+
+  ### الميزات
+  - إلغاء استخدام `CrewAgentExecutor`، وتعيين وكلاء الطاقم الافتراضيين إلى `AgentExecutor`
+  - تحسين أدوات صندوق الرمل Daytona
+  - إضافة معلمة بدء `restore_from_state_id`
+  - إضافة تسليط الضوء على `ExaSearchTool`، وإعادة تسميته من `EXASearchTool`
+
+  ### إصلاحات الأخطاء
+  - إصلاح تسرب الذاكرة في `git.py` باستخدام `cached_property`
+  - عرض استدعاءات الأدوات المتدفقة عندما تكون `available_functions` غائبة
+  - ضمان تحميل أحداث `skills` للتتبع
+  - تصحيح مسار نقطة النهاية للحالة من `/{kickoff_id}/status` إلى `/status/{kickoff_id}`
+  - استعادة كتلة الشيفرة المفقودة في دليل التدفق الأول للغة البرتغالية (pt-BR)
+  - منع `result_as_answer` من إرجاع رسائل الخطأ أو الكتل المرتبطة كإجابة نهائية
+  - الحفاظ على مخرجات المهام عبر تفريغ الدفعات غير المتزامنة
+  - دائمًا استعادة `task.output_pydantic` في كتلة finally
+  - التعامل مع إدخال `BaseModel` في `convert_to_model`
+
+  ### الوثائق
+  - تحديث سجل التغييرات والإصدار لـ v1.14.5
+  - إضافة دليل ترقية OSS و انتقال الطاقم إلى التدفق
+  - توثيق متغيرات البيئة الإضافية لأدوات المطور
+  - إضافة وثائق لـ `TavilyGetResearch`
+
+  ### إعادة الهيكلة
+  - استخراج واجهة سطر الأوامر إلى حزمة مستقلة `crewai-cli`
+
+  ## المساهمون
+
+  @NIK-TIGER-BILL, @akaKuruma, @cgoeppinger, @github-actions[bot], @greysonlalonde, @heitorado, @irfaan101, @iris-clawd, @lorenzejay, @manisrinivasan2k1, @minasami-pr, @mislavivanda, @theCyberTech, @theishangoswami, @wishhyt
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="18 مايو 2026">
+  ## v1.14.5a7
+
+  [عرض الإصدار على GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.5a7)
+
+  ## ما الذي تغير
+
+  ### الوثائق
+  - تحديث سجل التغييرات والإصدار لـ v1.14.5a6
+
+  ### تغييرات كسرية
+  - إلغاء حقل function_calling_llm
+
+  ## المساهمون
+
+  @greysonlalonde, @heitorado
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="15 مايو 2026">
+  ## v1.14.5a6
+
+  [عرض الإصدار على GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.5a6)
+
+  ## ما الذي تغير
+
+  ### إصلاحات الأخطاء
+  - إصلاح استدعاءات الأدوات المتدفقة عندما تكون available_functions غائبة
+  - رفع اعتماد langsmith إلى الإصدار >=0.8.0 لمعالجة GHSA-3644-q5cj-c5c7
+  - حل مشاكل الأماكن الشاغرة لكتل التعليمات البرمجية غير المترجمة في وثائق البرتغالية البرازيلية
+
+  ### الوثائق
+  - إضافة وثائق لـ TavilyGetResearch
+  - تحديث سجل التغييرات والإصدار لـ v1.14.5a5
+
+  ## المساهمون
+
+  @greysonlalonde, @heitorado, @iris-clawd, @lorenzejay, @manisrinivasan2k1
+
+</Update>
+
 <Update label="13 مايو 2026">
   ## v1.14.5a5
 

docs/ar/enterprise/guides/enable-crew-studio.mdx

@@ -146,7 +146,6 @@ Crew Studio هو طريقة مبتكرة لإنشاء طواقم وكلاء ال
 
   </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="الإجابة على الأسئلة">
   أجب على أسئلة التوضيح من مساعد الطاقم لتنقيح
   متطلباتك.
@@ -161,12 +160,10 @@ Crew Studio هو طريقة مبتكرة لإنشاء طواقم وكلاء ال
 
   </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="الموافقة أو التعديل">
   وافق على الخطة أو اطلب تغييرات إذا لزم الأمر.
 </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="التنزيل أو النشر">
   نزّل الكود للتخصيص أو انشر مباشرة على المنصة.
 </Step>

docs/ar/learn/llm-selection-guide.mdx

@@ -802,7 +802,6 @@ The tables below show a representative sample of current top-performing models a
     Begin with well-established models like **GPT-4.1**, **Claude 3.7 Sonnet**, or **Gemini 2.0 Flash** that offer good performance across multiple dimensions and have extensive real-world validation.
   </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="Identify Specialized Needs">
   Determine if your crew has specific requirements (coding, reasoning, speed)
   that would benefit from specialized models like **Claude 4 Sonnet** for
@@ -810,7 +809,6 @@ The tables below show a representative sample of current top-performing models a
   consider fast inference providers like **Groq** alongside model selection.
 </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="Implement Multi-Model Strategy">
   Use different models for different agents based on their roles.
   High-capability models for managers and complex tasks, efficient models for

docs/en/changelog.mdx

@@ -4,6 +4,111 @@ description: "Product updates, improvements, and bug fixes for CrewAI"
 icon: "clock"
 mode: "wide"
 ---
+<Update label="May 21, 2026">
+  ## v1.14.6a1
+
+  [View release on GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.6a1)
+
+  ## What's Changed
+
+  ### Features
+  - Add Skills Repository with registry, cache, CLI, and SDK integration
+  - Generate categorized release notes for enterprise
+
+  ### Bug Fixes
+  - Harden RuntimeState serialization across entity fields
+  - Bump idna to 3.15 to address security issue GHSA-65pc-fj4g-8rjx
+  - Remove `{" "}` JSX expressions breaking `<Steps>` render
+
+  ### Documentation
+  - Update changelog and version for v1.14.5
+
+  ## Contributors
+
+  @akaKuruma, @alex-clawd, @greysonlalonde
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="May 19, 2026">
+  ## v1.14.5
+
+  [View release on GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.5)
+
+  ## What's Changed
+
+  ### Features
+  - Deprecate `CrewAgentExecutor`, default Crew agents to `AgentExecutor`
+  - Improve Daytona sandbox tools
+  - Add `restore_from_state_id` kickoff parameter
+  - Add highlights to `ExaSearchTool`, rename from `EXASearchTool`
+
+  ### Bug Fixes
+  - Fix memory leak in `git.py` by using `cached_property`
+  - Surface streamed tool calls when `available_functions` is absent
+  - Ensure `skills` loading events for traces
+  - Correct status endpoint path from `/{kickoff_id}/status` to `/status/{kickoff_id}`
+  - Restore missing code block in pt-BR first-flow guide
+  - Prevent `result_as_answer` from returning hook-block or error messages as final answer
+  - Preserve task outputs across async batch flush
+  - Always restore `task.output_pydantic` in finally block
+  - Handle `BaseModel` input in `convert_to_model`
+
+  ### Documentation
+  - Update changelog and version for v1.14.5
+  - Add OSS upgrade & crew-to-flow migration guide
+  - Document additional env vars for devtools
+  - Add docs for `TavilyGetResearch`
+
+  ### Refactoring
+  - Extract CLI into standalone `crewai-cli` package
+
+  ## Contributors
+
+  @NIK-TIGER-BILL, @akaKuruma, @cgoeppinger, @github-actions[bot], @greysonlalonde, @heitorado, @irfaan101, @iris-clawd, @lorenzejay, @manisrinivasan2k1, @minasami-pr, @mislavivanda, @theCyberTech, @theishangoswami, @wishhyt
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="May 18, 2026">
+  ## v1.14.5a7
+
+  [View release on GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.5a7)
+
+  ## What's Changed
+
+  ### Documentation
+  - Update changelog and version for v1.14.5a6
+
+  ### Breaking Changes
+  - Deprecate function_calling_llm field
+
+  ## Contributors
+
+  @greysonlalonde, @heitorado
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="May 15, 2026">
+  ## v1.14.5a6
+
+  [View release on GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.5a6)
+
+  ## What's Changed
+
+  ### Bug Fixes
+  - Fix streamed tool calls when available_functions is absent
+  - Bump langsmith dependency to version >=0.8.0 to address GHSA-3644-q5cj-c5c7
+  - Resolve untranslated code block placeholders in Brazilian Portuguese documentation
+
+  ### Documentation
+  - Add documentation for TavilyGetResearch
+  - Update changelog and version for v1.14.5a5
+
+  ## Contributors
+
+  @greysonlalonde, @heitorado, @iris-clawd, @lorenzejay, @manisrinivasan2k1
+
+</Update>
+
 <Update label="May 13, 2026">
   ## v1.14.5a5
 

docs/en/enterprise/guides/enable-crew-studio.mdx

@@ -146,7 +146,6 @@ Here's a typical workflow for creating a crew with Crew Studio:
 
   </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="Answer Questions">
   Respond to clarifying questions from the Crew Assistant to refine your
   requirements.
@@ -161,12 +160,10 @@ Here's a typical workflow for creating a crew with Crew Studio:
 
   </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="Approve or Modify">
   Approve the plan or request changes if necessary.
 </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="Download or Deploy">
   Download the code for customization or deploy directly to the platform.
 </Step>

docs/en/guides/tools/platform-tools-cli.mdx

@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
----
-title: Platform Tools CLI
-description: Create, publish, and install custom tools on the CrewAI platform using the CLI.
-icon: terminal
-mode: "wide"
----
-
-## Overview
-
-The CrewAI CLI provides commands to manage custom tools on the **CrewAI platform** — a hosted tool registry that lets you share tools within your organization without publishing to PyPI.
-
-| Command | Purpose |
-|---------|---------|
-| `crewai tool create <handle>` | Scaffold a new tool project |
-| `crewai tool publish` | Publish the tool to the CrewAI platform |
-| `crewai tool install <handle>` | Install a platform tool into your crew project |
-
-<Note type="info" title="Platform vs PyPI">
-  These commands manage tools on the **CrewAI platform registry**. If you want to publish a standalone Python package to PyPI instead, see the [Publish Custom Tools to PyPI](/en/guides/tools/publish-custom-tools) guide.
-</Note>
-
-## Prerequisites
-
-- **CrewAI CLI** installed (`pip install crewai`)
-- **Authenticated** with the platform — run `crewai login` first
-
----
-
-## Step 1: Create a Tool Project
-
-Scaffold a new tool project:
-
-```bash
-crewai tool create my_custom_tool
-```
-
-This generates a project structure with the boilerplate you need to start building your tool.
-
-<Tip>
-  The `handle` is the unique identifier for your tool on the platform. Choose something descriptive and specific to what the tool does.
-</Tip>
-
-### Implement Your Tool
-
-Edit the generated tool file to add your logic. The tool follows the standard CrewAI tools contract — you can subclass `BaseTool` or use the `@tool` decorator:
-
-```python
-from crewai.tools import BaseTool
-
-class MyCustomTool(BaseTool):
-    name: str = "My Custom Tool"
-    description: str = "Description of what this tool does — be specific so agents know when to use it."
-
-    def _run(self, argument: str) -> str:
-        # Your tool logic here
-        return "result"
-```
-
-For the full tools API reference (input schemas, caching, async support, error handling), see the [Create Custom Tools](/en/learn/create-custom-tools) guide.
-
----
-
-## Step 2: Publish to the Platform
-
-From your tool project directory, publish it to the CrewAI platform:
-
-```bash
-crewai tool publish
-```
-
-### Options
-
-| Flag | Description |
-|------|-------------|
-| `--force` | Bypass Git remote validations |
-
-Tools are published privately to your organization by default.
-
----
-
-## Step 3: Install a Platform Tool
-
-To install a tool that's been published to the platform:
-
-```bash
-crewai tool install my_custom_tool
-```
-
-Once installed, you can use the tool in your crew like any other tool — assign it to an agent via the `tools` parameter.
-
----
-
-## Full Lifecycle Example
-
-```bash
-# 1. Authenticate with the platform
-crewai login
-
-# 2. Scaffold a new tool
-crewai tool create weather_lookup
-
-# 3. Implement your logic in the generated project
-cd weather_lookup
-# ... edit the tool file ...
-
-# 4. Publish to the platform
-crewai tool publish
-
-# 5. In another project, install and use it
-crewai tool install weather_lookup
-```
-
----
-
-## Platform Tools vs PyPI Packages
-
-| | Platform Tools | PyPI Packages |
-|---|---|---|
-| **Publish** | `crewai tool publish` | `uv build` + `uv publish` |
-| **Registry** | CrewAI platform | PyPI |
-| **Install** | `crewai tool install <handle>` | `pip install <package>` |
-| **Auth** | `crewai login` | PyPI account + token |
-| **Visibility** | Organization-scoped (private) | Always public |
-| **Guide** | This page | [Publish Custom Tools](/en/guides/tools/publish-custom-tools) |
-
----
-
-## Related
-
-- [Create Custom Tools](/en/learn/create-custom-tools) — Python API reference for building tools (BaseTool, @tool decorator)
-- [Publish Custom Tools to PyPI](/en/guides/tools/publish-custom-tools) — package and distribute tools as standalone Python libraries

docs/en/learn/create-custom-tools.mdx

@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@ incorporating the latest functionalities such as tool delegation, error handling
 enabling agents to perform a wide range of actions.
 
 <Tip>
-  **Want to publish your tool to the CrewAI platform?** Use the CLI to scaffold, publish, and share tools directly on the platform — see the [Platform Tools CLI](/en/guides/tools/platform-tools-cli) guide.
-
-  **Prefer publishing to PyPI?** Check out the [Publish Custom Tools](/en/guides/tools/publish-custom-tools) guide to package and distribute your tool as a standalone Python library.
+  **Want to publish your tool for the community?** If you're building a tool that others could benefit from, check out the [Publish Custom Tools](/en/guides/tools/publish-custom-tools) guide to learn how to package and distribute your tool on PyPI.
 </Tip>
 
 ### Subclassing `BaseTool`

docs/en/learn/llm-selection-guide.mdx

@@ -805,7 +805,6 @@ The tables below show a representative sample of current top-performing models a
     Begin with well-established models like **GPT-4.1**, **Claude 3.7 Sonnet**, or **Gemini 2.0 Flash** that offer good performance across multiple dimensions and have extensive real-world validation.
   </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="Identify Specialized Needs">
   Determine if your crew has specific requirements (coding, reasoning, speed)
   that would benefit from specialized models like **Claude 4 Sonnet** for
@@ -813,7 +812,6 @@ The tables below show a representative sample of current top-performing models a
   consider fast inference providers like **Groq** alongside model selection.
 </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="Implement Multi-Model Strategy">
   Use different models for different agents based on their roles.
   High-capability models for managers and complex tasks, efficient models for

docs/ko/changelog.mdx

@@ -4,6 +4,111 @@ description: "CrewAI의 제품 업데이트, 개선 사항 및 버그 수정"
 icon: "clock"
 mode: "wide"
 ---
+<Update label="2026년 5월 21일">
+  ## v1.14.6a1
+
+  [GitHub 릴리스 보기](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.6a1)
+
+  ## 변경 사항
+
+  ### 기능
+  - 레지스트리, 캐시, CLI 및 SDK 통합이 포함된 기술 저장소 추가
+  - 기업용으로 분류된 릴리스 노트 생성
+
+  ### 버그 수정
+  - 엔티티 필드 전반에 걸쳐 RuntimeState 직렬화 강화
+  - 보안 문제 GHSA-65pc-fj4g-8rjx를 해결하기 위해 idna를 3.15로 업데이트
+  - `<Steps>` 렌더링을 방해하는 `{" "}` JSX 표현식 제거
+
+  ### 문서
+  - v1.14.5에 대한 변경 로그 및 버전 업데이트
+
+  ## 기여자
+
+  @akaKuruma, @alex-clawd, @greysonlalonde
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="2026년 5월 19일">
+  ## v1.14.5
+
+  [GitHub 릴리스 보기](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.5)
+
+  ## 변경 사항
+
+  ### 기능
+  - `CrewAgentExecutor` 사용 중단, 기본 Crew 에이전트를 `AgentExecutor`로 설정
+  - Daytona 샌드박스 도구 개선
+  - `restore_from_state_id` 시작 매개변수 추가
+  - `ExaSearchTool`에 하이라이트 추가, 이름을 `EXASearchTool`에서 변경
+
+  ### 버그 수정
+  - `git.py`에서 `cached_property`를 사용하여 메모리 누수 수정
+  - `available_functions`가 없을 때 스트리밍 도구 호출 표시
+  - 추적을 위한 `skills` 로딩 이벤트 보장
+  - 상태 엔드포인트 경로를 `/{kickoff_id}/status`에서 `/status/{kickoff_id}`로 수정
+  - pt-BR 첫 흐름 가이드에서 누락된 코드 블록 복원
+  - `result_as_answer`가 후크 블록이나 오류 메시지를 최종 답변으로 반환하지 않도록 방지
+  - 비동기 배치 플러시 간 작업 출력 보존
+  - 항상 finally 블록에서 `task.output_pydantic` 복원
+  - `convert_to_model`에서 `BaseModel` 입력 처리
+
+  ### 문서화
+  - v1.14.5에 대한 변경 로그 및 버전 업데이트
+  - OSS 업그레이드 및 Crew-투-흐름 마이그레이션 가이드 추가
+  - 개발 도구를 위한 추가 환경 변수 문서화
+  - `TavilyGetResearch`에 대한 문서 추가
+
+  ### 리팩토링
+  - CLI를 독립형 `crewai-cli` 패키지로 추출
+
+  ## 기여자
+
+  @NIK-TIGER-BILL, @akaKuruma, @cgoeppinger, @github-actions[bot], @greysonlalonde, @heitorado, @irfaan101, @iris-clawd, @lorenzejay, @manisrinivasan2k1, @minasami-pr, @mislavivanda, @theCyberTech, @theishangoswami, @wishhyt
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="2026년 5월 18일">
+  ## v1.14.5a7
+
+  [GitHub 릴리스 보기](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.5a7)
+
+  ## 변경 사항
+
+  ### 문서
+  - v1.14.5a6의 변경 로그 및 버전 업데이트
+
+  ### 주요 변경 사항
+  - function_calling_llm 필드 사용 중단
+
+  ## 기여자
+
+  @greysonlalonde, @heitorado
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="2026년 5월 15일">
+  ## v1.14.5a6
+
+  [GitHub 릴리스 보기](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.5a6)
+
+  ## 변경 사항
+
+  ### 버그 수정
+  - available_functions가 없을 때 스트리밍 도구 호출 수정
+  - GHSA-3644-q5cj-c5c7 문제를 해결하기 위해 langsmith 의존성을 버전 >=0.8.0으로 업데이트
+  - 브라질 포르투갈어 문서에서 번역되지 않은 코드 블록 자리 표시자 해결
+
+  ### 문서
+  - TavilyGetResearch에 대한 문서 추가
+  - v1.14.5a5에 대한 변경 로그 및 버전 업데이트
+
+  ## 기여자
+
+  @greysonlalonde, @heitorado, @iris-clawd, @lorenzejay, @manisrinivasan2k1
+
+</Update>
+
 <Update label="2026년 5월 13일">
   ## v1.14.5a5
 

docs/ko/enterprise/guides/enable-crew-studio.mdx

@@ -145,7 +145,6 @@ LLM 연결과 기본 설정을 구성했다면 이제 Crew Studio 사용을 시
 
   </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="질문에 답하기">
   crew assistant가 요구 사항을 구체화할 수 있도록 하는 추가 질문에 답변하세요.
 </Step>
@@ -159,12 +158,10 @@ LLM 연결과 기본 설정을 구성했다면 이제 Crew Studio 사용을 시
 
   </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="승인 또는 수정">
   계획을 승인하거나 필요하다면 변경을 요청하세요.
 </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="다운로드 또는 배포">
   사용자화를 위해 코드를 다운로드하거나 플랫폼에 직접 배포하세요.
 </Step>

docs/ko/learn/llm-selection-guide.mdx

@@ -797,7 +797,6 @@ LLM 선택을 최적화하고자 하는 팀을 위해 **CrewAI AMP 플랫폼**
     여러 차원에서 우수한 성능을 제공하며 실제 환경에서 광범위하게 검증된 **GPT-4.1**, **Claude 3.7 Sonnet**, **Gemini 2.0 Flash**와 같은 잘 알려진 모델부터 시작하십시오.
   </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="특화된 요구 사항 식별">
   crew에 코드 작성, reasoning, 속도 등 특정 요구가 있는지 확인하고, 이러한
   요구에 부합하는 **Claude 4 Sonnet**(개발용) 또는 **o3**(복잡한 분석용)과 같은
@@ -805,7 +804,6 @@ LLM 선택을 최적화하고자 하는 팀을 위해 **CrewAI AMP 플랫폼**
   더불어 **Groq**와 같은 빠른 추론 제공자를 고려할 수 있습니다.
 </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="다중 모델 전략 구현">
   각 에이전트의 역할에 따라 다양한 모델을 사용하세요. 관리자와 복잡한 작업에는
   고성능 모델을, 일상적 운영에는 효율적인 모델을 적용합니다.

docs/pt-BR/changelog.mdx

@@ -4,6 +4,111 @@ description: "Atualizações de produto, melhorias e correções do CrewAI"
 icon: "clock"
 mode: "wide"
 ---
+<Update label="21 mai 2026">
+  ## v1.14.6a1
+
+  [Ver release no GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.6a1)
+
+  ## O que Mudou
+
+  ### Recursos
+  - Adicionar Repositório de Habilidades com registro, cache, CLI e integração SDK
+  - Gerar notas de versão categorizadas para empresas
+
+  ### Correções de Bugs
+  - Fortalecer a serialização de RuntimeState entre os campos da entidade
+  - Atualizar idna para 3.15 para resolver problema de segurança GHSA-65pc-fj4g-8rjx
+  - Remover expressões JSX `{" "}` que quebram a renderização de `<Steps>`
+
+  ### Documentação
+  - Atualizar changelog e versão para v1.14.5
+
+  ## Contribuidores
+
+  @akaKuruma, @alex-clawd, @greysonlalonde
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="19 mai 2026">
+  ## v1.14.5
+
+  [Ver release no GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.5)
+
+  ## O que Mudou
+
+  ### Recursos
+  - Deprecar `CrewAgentExecutor`, definir agentes Crew como `AgentExecutor`
+  - Melhorar ferramentas do sandbox Daytona
+  - Adicionar parâmetro de início `restore_from_state_id`
+  - Adicionar destaques ao `ExaSearchTool`, renomeando de `EXASearchTool`
+
+  ### Correções de Bugs
+  - Corrigir vazamento de memória em `git.py` usando `cached_property`
+  - Exibir chamadas de ferramentas transmitidas quando `available_functions` está ausente
+  - Garantir eventos de carregamento de `skills` para rastros
+  - Corrigir caminho do endpoint de status de `/{kickoff_id}/status` para `/status/{kickoff_id}`
+  - Restaurar bloco de código ausente no guia de primeiro fluxo em pt-BR
+  - Impedir que `result_as_answer` retorne mensagens de bloqueio de hook ou de erro como resposta final
+  - Preservar saídas de tarefas durante o descarregamento assíncrono em lote
+  - Sempre restaurar `task.output_pydantic` no bloco finally
+  - Lidar com entrada de `BaseModel` em `convert_to_model`
+
+  ### Documentação
+  - Atualizar changelog e versão para v1.14.5
+  - Adicionar guia de migração de atualização OSS & crew-to-flow
+  - Documentar variáveis de ambiente adicionais para devtools
+  - Adicionar documentação para `TavilyGetResearch`
+
+  ### Refatoração
+  - Extrair CLI para o pacote autônomo `crewai-cli`
+
+  ## Contribuidores
+
+  @NIK-TIGER-BILL, @akaKuruma, @cgoeppinger, @github-actions[bot], @greysonlalonde, @heitorado, @irfaan101, @iris-clawd, @lorenzejay, @manisrinivasan2k1, @minasami-pr, @mislavivanda, @theCyberTech, @theishangoswami, @wishhyt
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="18 mai 2026">
+  ## v1.14.5a7
+
+  [Ver release no GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.5a7)
+
+  ## O que Mudou
+
+  ### Documentação
+  - Atualizar changelog e versão para v1.14.5a6
+
+  ### Mudanças Quebradoras
+  - Depreciar o campo function_calling_llm
+
+  ## Contributors
+
+  @greysonlalonde, @heitorado
+
+</Update>
+
+<Update label="15 mai 2026">
+  ## v1.14.5a6
+
+  [Ver release no GitHub](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/releases/tag/1.14.5a6)
+
+  ## O que mudou
+
+  ### Correções de Bugs
+  - Corrigir chamadas de ferramentas transmitidas quando available_functions está ausente
+  - Atualizar a dependência langsmith para a versão >=0.8.0 para resolver GHSA-3644-q5cj-c5c7
+  - Resolver espaços reservados de blocos de código não traduzidos na documentação em português brasileiro
+
+  ### Documentação
+  - Adicionar documentação para TavilyGetResearch
+  - Atualizar changelog e versão para v1.14.5a5
+
+  ## Contributors
+
+  @greysonlalonde, @heitorado, @iris-clawd, @lorenzejay, @manisrinivasan2k1
+
+</Update>
+
 <Update label="13 mai 2026">
   ## v1.14.5a5
 

docs/pt-BR/enterprise/guides/enable-crew-studio.mdx

@@ -146,7 +146,6 @@ Veja um fluxo de trabalho típico para criação de um crew com o Crew Studio:
 
   </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="Responder Perguntas">
   Responda às perguntas de esclarecimento do Crew Assistant para refinar seus
   requisitos.
@@ -161,12 +160,10 @@ Veja um fluxo de trabalho típico para criação de um crew com o Crew Studio:
 
   </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="Aprovar ou Modificar">
   Aprove o plano ou solicite alterações, se necessário.
 </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="Baixar ou Fazer Deploy">
   Baixe o código para personalização ou faça o deploy diretamente na plataforma.
 </Step>

docs/pt-BR/learn/llm-selection-guide.mdx

@@ -797,7 +797,6 @@ As tabelas abaixo mostram uma amostra dos modelos de maior destaque em cada cate
     Inicie com opções consagradas como **GPT-4.1**, **Claude 3.7 Sonnet** ou **Gemini 2.0 Flash**, que oferecem bom desempenho e ampla validação.
   </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="Identifique Demandas Especializadas">
   Descubra se sua crew possui requisitos específicos (código, raciocínio,
   velocidade) que justifiquem modelos como **Claude 4 Sonnet** para
@@ -805,7 +804,6 @@ As tabelas abaixo mostram uma amostra dos modelos de maior destaque em cada cate
   velocidade, considere Groq aliado à seleção do modelo.
 </Step>
 
-{" "}
 <Step title="Implemente Estratégia Multi-Modelo">
   Use modelos diferentes para agentes distintos conforme o papel. Modelos de
   alta capacidade para managers e tarefas complexas, eficientes para rotinas.

lib/cli/pyproject.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ authors = [
 ]
 requires-python = ">=3.10, <3.14"
 dependencies = [
-    "crewai-core==1.14.5a5",
+    "crewai-core==1.14.6a1",
     "click~=8.1.7",
     "pydantic>=2.11.9,<2.13",
     "pydantic-settings~=2.10.1",

lib/cli/src/crewai_cli/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "1.14.5a5"
+__version__ = "1.14.6a1"

lib/cli/src/crewai_cli/cli.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from crewai_cli.replay_from_task import replay_task_command
 from crewai_cli.reset_memories_command import reset_memories_command
 from crewai_cli.run_crew import run_crew
 from crewai_cli.settings.main import SettingsCommand
+from crewai_cli.skills.main import SkillCommand
 from crewai_cli.task_outputs import load_task_outputs
 from crewai_cli.tools.main import ToolCommand
 from crewai_cli.train_crew import train_crew
@@ -546,6 +547,56 @@ def tool_publish(is_public: bool, force: bool) -> None:
     tool_cmd.publish(is_public, force)
 
 
+@crewai.group()
+def skill() -> None:
+    """Skill Repository related commands."""
+
+
+@skill.command(name="create")
+@click.argument("name")
+@click.option(
+    "--no-project",
+    "in_project",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=True,
+    flag_value=False,
+    help="Create skill in current dir instead of ./skills/",
+)
+def skill_create(name: str, in_project: bool) -> None:
+    skill_cmd = SkillCommand()
+    skill_cmd.create(name, in_project=in_project)
+
+
+@skill.command(name="install")
+@click.argument("ref")
+def skill_install(ref: str) -> None:
+    skill_cmd = SkillCommand()
+    skill_cmd.install(ref)
+
+
+@skill.command(name="publish")
+@click.option(
+    "--force",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    show_default=True,
+    help="Skip git-state validation.",
+)
+@click.option("--public", "is_public", flag_value=True, default=False)
+@click.option("--private", "is_public", flag_value=False)
+@click.option("--org", default=None, help="Organisation slug (overrides settings).")
+def skill_publish(is_public: bool, org: str | None, force: bool) -> None:
+    skill_cmd = SkillCommand()
+    skill_cmd.publish(is_public, org=org, force=force)
+
+
+@skill.command(name="list")
+def skill_list() -> None:
+    """List locally installed skills."""
+    skill_cmd = SkillCommand()
+    skill_cmd.list_cached()
+
+
 @crewai.group()
 def template() -> None:
     """Browse and install project templates."""

lib/cli/src/crewai_cli/deploy/main.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from typing import Any
 
+from crewai_core.plus_api import CreateCrewPayload
 from rich.console import Console
 
 from crewai_cli import git
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ class DeployCommand(BaseCommand, PlusAPIMixin):
         self,
         env_vars: dict[str, str],
         remote_repo_url: str,
-    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    ) -> CreateCrewPayload:
         """
         Create the payload for crew creation.
 
@@ -172,6 +173,8 @@ class DeployCommand(BaseCommand, PlusAPIMixin):
         Returns:
             Dict[str, Any]: The payload for crew creation.
         """
+        if not self.project_name:
+            raise ValueError("project_name is required to create a deployment payload")
         return {
             "deploy": {
                 "name": self.project_name,

lib/cli/src/crewai_cli/git.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from functools import lru_cache
+from functools import cached_property
 import subprocess
 
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class Repository:
         if not self.is_git_installed():
             raise ValueError("Git is not installed or not found in your PATH.")
 
-        if not self.is_git_repo():
+        if not self.is_git_repo:
             raise ValueError(f"{self.path} is not a Git repository.")
 
         self.fetch()
@@ -40,13 +40,9 @@ class Repository:
             encoding="utf-8",
         ).strip()
 
-    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)  # noqa: B019
+    @cached_property
     def is_git_repo(self) -> bool:
-        """Check if the current directory is a git repository.
-
-        Notes:
-          - TODO: This method is cached to avoid redundant checks, but using lru_cache on methods can lead to memory leaks
-        """
+        """Check if the current directory is a git repository."""
         try:
             subprocess.check_output(
                 ["git", "rev-parse", "--is-inside-work-tree"],  # noqa: S607

lib/cli/src/crewai_cli/skills/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+"""Skill Repository CLI commands for CrewAI."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import io
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import tarfile
+import zipfile
+
+from rich.console import Console
+from rich.table import Table
+
+from crewai_cli.command import BaseCommand, PlusAPIMixin
+from crewai_cli.config import Settings
+from crewai_cli.constants import DEFAULT_CREWAI_ENTERPRISE_URL
+
+
+console = Console()
+
+_SKILL_MD_TEMPLATE = """\
+---
+name: {name}
+version: 0.1.0
+description: |
+  A short description of what this skill does.
+---
+
+## Instructions
+
+Describe the skill behaviour here. This section is shown to the agent at activation time.
+"""
+
+
+class SkillCommand(BaseCommand, PlusAPIMixin):
+    """Skill Repository related operations for CrewAI projects."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        BaseCommand.__init__(self)
+        PlusAPIMixin.__init__(self, telemetry=self._telemetry)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # create
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def create(self, name: str, in_project: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Scaffold a new skill directory.
+
+        If pyproject.toml is present (crew project), creates ./skills/{name}/.
+        Otherwise creates ./{name}/.
+        """
+        if in_project and os.path.isfile("pyproject.toml"):
+            skill_dir = Path("skills") / name
+        else:
+            skill_dir = Path(name)
+
+        if skill_dir.exists():
+            console.print(f"[red]Directory {skill_dir} already exists.[/red]")
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+
+        skill_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+        (skill_dir / "scripts").mkdir()
+        (skill_dir / "references").mkdir()
+        (skill_dir / "assets").mkdir()
+
+        skill_md = skill_dir / "SKILL.md"
+        skill_md.write_text(_SKILL_MD_TEMPLATE.format(name=name))
+
+        console.print(
+            f"[green]Created skill [bold]{name}[/bold] at [bold]{skill_dir}[/bold].[/green]"
+        )
+        console.print(f"Edit [bold]{skill_md}[/bold] to define the skill instructions.")
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # install
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def install(self, ref: str) -> None:
+        """Download and install a registry skill.
+
+        Format: @org/name
+
+        Inside a crew project (pyproject.toml present): installs to ./skills/{name}/
+        Outside a project: installs to ~/.crewai/skills/{org}/{name}/
+        """
+        if not ref.startswith("@"):
+            console.print(
+                "[red]Invalid skill reference. Use the format @org/name.[/red]"
+            )
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+
+        without_at = ref[1:]
+        if without_at.count("/") != 1:
+            console.print(
+                "[red]Invalid skill reference. Use the format @org/name.[/red]"
+            )
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+
+        org, name = without_at.split("/", 1)
+        if (
+            not org
+            or not name
+            or org.startswith(".")
+            or name.startswith(".")
+            or len(Path(org).parts) != 1
+            or len(Path(name).parts) != 1
+        ):
+            console.print(
+                "[red]Invalid skill reference: org and name must be single, "
+                "non-empty path segments (no slashes, no '..').[/red]"
+            )
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+
+        self._print_current_organization()
+        console.print(f"[bold blue]Downloading skill {ref}...[/bold blue]")
+
+        get_response = self.plus_api_client.get_skill(org, name)
+
+        if get_response.status_code == 404:
+            console.print(
+                f"[red]Skill {ref} not found. Ensure it has been published and you have access.[/red]"
+            )
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+        if get_response.status_code != 200:
+            console.print(
+                f"[red]Failed to download skill {ref}: {get_response.status_code}[/red]"
+            )
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+
+        data = get_response.json()
+        version = data.get("latest_version") or data.get("version")
+
+        download_url = data.get("download_url")
+        if download_url:
+            import httpx
+
+            dl_response = httpx.get(download_url, follow_redirects=True)
+            dl_response.raise_for_status()
+            archive_bytes = dl_response.content
+        else:
+            encoded = data.get("file", "")
+            if "," in encoded:
+                encoded = encoded.split(",", 1)[1]
+            archive_bytes = base64.b64decode(encoded)
+
+        in_project = os.path.isfile("pyproject.toml")
+        if in_project:
+            dest = Path("skills") / name
+            dest.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            self._unpack_archive(archive_bytes, dest)
+            console.print(
+                f"[green]Installed [bold]{ref}[/bold]{' (' + version + ')' if version else ''} to [bold]{dest}[/bold].[/green]"
+            )
+        else:
+            try:
+                from crewai.skills.cache import SkillCacheManager
+
+                cache = SkillCacheManager()
+                cache.store(org, name, version, archive_bytes)
+            except ImportError:
+                # Fallback if SDK not installed — write directly
+                cache_dir = Path.home() / ".crewai" / "skills" / org / name
+                if cache_dir.exists():
+                    import shutil
+
+                    shutil.rmtree(cache_dir)
+                cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+                self._unpack_archive(archive_bytes, cache_dir)
+                # Write metadata so `crewai skill list` can discover it
+                from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
+                meta = {
+                    "org": org,
+                    "name": name,
+                    "version": version,
+                    "installed_at": datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+                }
+                (cache_dir / ".crewai_meta.json").write_text(json.dumps(meta, indent=2))
+            console.print(
+                f"[green]Installed [bold]{ref}[/bold]{' (' + version + ')' if version else ''} to global cache.[/green]"
+            )
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # publish
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def publish(self, is_public: bool, org: str | None, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Publish the skill in the current directory to the registry."""
+        skill_md = Path("SKILL.md")
+        if not skill_md.exists():
+            console.print(
+                "[red]No SKILL.md found in current directory. "
+                "Run this command from inside a skill directory.[/red]"
+            )
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+
+        # Parse frontmatter to extract name + version
+        try:
+            frontmatter = self._parse_frontmatter(skill_md.read_text())
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            console.print(f"[red]Failed to parse SKILL.md frontmatter: {exc}[/red]")
+            raise SystemExit(1) from exc
+
+        name = frontmatter.get("name")
+        version = frontmatter.get("version")
+        description = frontmatter.get("description")
+
+        if not name:
+            console.print(
+                "[red]SKILL.md frontmatter must include a 'name' field.[/red]"
+            )
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+
+        if not version:
+            console.print(
+                "[red]SKILL.md frontmatter must include a 'version' field before publishing.[/red]"
+            )
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+
+        settings = Settings()
+        effective_org = org or settings.org_name
+        if not effective_org:
+            console.print(
+                "[red]No organisation set. Run `crewai org switch <org_id>` first, "
+                "or pass --org.[/red]"
+            )
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+
+        self._print_current_organization()
+        console.print(
+            f"[bold blue]Publishing skill [bold]{name}[/bold] v{version} to {effective_org}...[/bold blue]"
+        )
+
+        archive_bytes = self._build_skill_tarball()
+        encoded_file = "data:application/x-gzip;base64," + base64.b64encode(
+            archive_bytes
+        ).decode("utf-8")
+
+        response = self.plus_api_client.publish_skill(
+            org=effective_org,
+            name=name,
+            version=version,
+            is_public=is_public,
+            description=description,
+            encoded_file=encoded_file,
+        )
+
+        self._validate_response(response)
+
+        base_url = settings.enterprise_base_url or DEFAULT_CREWAI_ENTERPRISE_URL
+        console.print(
+            f"[green]Published [bold]{effective_org}/{name}[/bold] v{version}.\n\n"
+            "Security checks are running in the background. "
+            "Your skill will be available once checks complete.\n"
+            f"Monitor status at: {base_url}/crewai_plus/skills/{effective_org}/{name}[/green]"
+        )
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # list_cached
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def list_cached(self) -> None:
+        """Show locally installed skills."""
+        table = Table(title="Installed Skills", show_lines=True)
+        table.add_column("Source", style="dim")
+        table.add_column("Ref")
+        table.add_column("Version")
+        table.add_column("Path")
+
+        # Project-local ./skills/
+        local_skills_dir = Path("skills")
+        if local_skills_dir.is_dir():
+            for skill_dir in sorted(local_skills_dir.iterdir()):
+                if skill_dir.is_dir() and (skill_dir / "SKILL.md").exists():
+                    version = self._read_version(skill_dir / "SKILL.md")
+                    table.add_row(
+                        "project",
+                        skill_dir.name,
+                        version or "-",
+                        str(skill_dir),
+                    )
+
+        # Global cache
+        cache_root = Path.home() / ".crewai" / "skills"
+        if cache_root.exists():
+            for org_dir in sorted(cache_root.iterdir()):
+                if not org_dir.is_dir():
+                    continue
+                for skill_dir in sorted(org_dir.iterdir()):
+                    meta_file = skill_dir / ".crewai_meta.json"
+                    if meta_file.exists():
+                        try:
+                            meta = json.loads(meta_file.read_text())
+                            table.add_row(
+                                "cache",
+                                f"@{meta['org']}/{meta['name']}",
+                                meta.get("version") or "-",
+                                str(skill_dir),
+                            )
+                        except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError):
+                            console.print(
+                                f"[yellow]Warning: skipping malformed cache entry at {meta_file}[/yellow]"
+                            )
+
+        console.print(table)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # internal helpers
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _print_current_organization(self) -> None:
+        settings = Settings()
+        if settings.org_uuid:
+            console.print(
+                f"Current organization: {settings.org_name} ({settings.org_uuid})",
+                style="bold blue",
+            )
+        else:
+            console.print(
+                "No organization currently set. We recommend setting one before using: "
+                "`crewai org switch <org_id>` command.",
+                style="yellow",
+            )
+
+    def _unpack_archive(self, archive_bytes: bytes, dest: Path) -> None:
+        """Unpack a .tar.gz or .zip archive into dest."""
+        # Try tar first, then zip
+        try:
+            with tarfile.open(fileobj=io.BytesIO(archive_bytes), mode="r:gz") as tf:
+                try:
+                    tf.extractall(dest, filter="data")
+                except TypeError:
+                    _safe_extractall(tf, dest)
+            return
+        except tarfile.TarError:
+            pass
+
+        # Fallback: zip
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(io.BytesIO(archive_bytes)) as zf:
+            _safe_extract_zip(zf, dest)
+
+    def _build_skill_tarball(self) -> bytes:
+        """Build an in-memory .tar.gz of SKILL.md + scripts/ + references/ + assets/."""
+        buf = io.BytesIO()
+        with tarfile.open(fileobj=buf, mode="w:gz") as tf:
+            tf.add("SKILL.md")
+            for folder in ("scripts", "references", "assets"):
+                folder_path = Path(folder)
+                if folder_path.is_dir():
+                    for fpath in sorted(folder_path.rglob("*")):
+                        if fpath.is_file():
+                            tf.add(str(fpath))
+        return buf.getvalue()
+
+    def _parse_frontmatter(self, content: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """Extract YAML frontmatter fields from a SKILL.md string.
+
+        Reuses crewai.skills.parser when available, with a minimal
+        fallback for environments where the full SDK isn't installed.
+        """
+        try:
+            from crewai.skills.parser import parse_frontmatter
+
+            fm_dict, _ = parse_frontmatter(content)
+            return fm_dict
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+
+        # Fallback: minimal YAML parsing without SDK dependency
+        import re
+
+        match = re.match(r"^---\n(.*?)\n---", content, re.DOTALL)
+        if not match:
+            raise ValueError("No YAML frontmatter block found")
+        try:
+            import yaml
+
+            return yaml.safe_load(match.group(1)) or {}
+        except ImportError:
+            result: dict[str, str] = {}
+            for line in match.group(1).splitlines():
+                if ":" in line:
+                    key, _, value = line.partition(":")
+                    result[key.strip()] = value.strip()
+            return result
+
+    def _read_version(self, skill_md: Path) -> str | None:
+        """Read the version field from a SKILL.md file, or None."""
+        try:
+            fm = self._parse_frontmatter(skill_md.read_text())
+            return fm.get("version")
+        except Exception:
+            return None
+
+
+def _safe_extractall(tf: tarfile.TarFile, dest: Path) -> None:
+    """Path-traversal-safe extraction for Python < 3.12."""
+    dest_resolved = dest.resolve()
+    for member in tf.getmembers():
+        member_path = (dest / member.name).resolve()
+        if not member_path.is_relative_to(dest_resolved):
+            raise ValueError(f"Blocked path traversal attempt: {member.name!r}")
+    tf.extractall(dest)  # noqa: S202
+
+
+def _safe_extract_zip(zf: zipfile.ZipFile, dest: Path) -> None:
+    """Path-traversal-safe ZIP extraction."""
+    dest_resolved = dest.resolve()
+    for member in zf.namelist():
+        member_path = (dest / member).resolve()
+        if not member_path.is_relative_to(dest_resolved):
+            raise ValueError(f"Blocked path traversal attempt: {member!r}")
+    zf.extractall(dest)  # noqa: S202

lib/cli/tests/skills/test_main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+"""Tests for SkillCommand CLI."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import os
+import tempfile
+import zipfile
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from crewai_cli.shared.token_manager import TokenManager
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def in_temp_dir():
+    original = os.getcwd()
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as td:
+        os.chdir(td)
+        try:
+            yield td
+        finally:
+            os.chdir(original)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def skill_command():
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
+        with patch.object(
+            TokenManager, "_get_secure_storage_path", return_value=Path(temp_dir)
+        ):
+            TokenManager().save_tokens(
+                "test-token", (datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=36000)).timestamp()
+            )
+            from crewai_cli.skills.main import SkillCommand
+            cmd = SkillCommand()
+            yield cmd
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# create
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestSkillCreate:
+    def test_create_in_project(self, skill_command, tmp_path):
+        with in_temp_dir():
+            # Simulate being inside a project
+            Path("pyproject.toml").write_text("[tool.poetry]\nname = 'test'\n")
+            skill_command.create("my-skill")
+            assert Path("skills/my-skill/SKILL.md").exists()
+            assert Path("skills/my-skill/scripts").is_dir()
+            assert Path("skills/my-skill/references").is_dir()
+            assert Path("skills/my-skill/assets").is_dir()
+
+    def test_create_outside_project(self, skill_command, tmp_path):
+        with in_temp_dir():
+            skill_command.create("standalone-skill", in_project=False)
+            assert Path("standalone-skill/SKILL.md").exists()
+
+    def test_create_adds_name_to_skill_md(self, skill_command):
+        with in_temp_dir():
+            skill_command.create("hello-world", in_project=False)
+            content = Path("hello-world/SKILL.md").read_text()
+            assert "name: hello-world" in content
+            assert "version: 0.1.0" in content
+
+    def test_create_fails_if_dir_exists(self, skill_command):
+        with in_temp_dir():
+            Path("existing-skill").mkdir()
+            with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+                skill_command.create("existing-skill", in_project=False)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# install
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestSkillInstall:
+    def _zip_skill(self, name: str) -> bytes:
+        buf = io.BytesIO()
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(buf, "w") as zf:
+            zf.writestr("SKILL.md", f"---\nname: {name}\ndescription: Test.\n---\nInstructions.")
+        return buf.getvalue()
+
+    def test_install_invalid_ref_no_at(self, skill_command):
+        with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+            skill_command.install("acme/my-skill")
+
+    def test_install_invalid_ref_no_slash(self, skill_command):
+        with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+            skill_command.install("@acmeskill")
+
+    def test_install_404(self, skill_command):
+        mock_resp = MagicMock()
+        mock_resp.status_code = 404
+        skill_command.plus_api_client.get_skill = MagicMock(return_value=mock_resp)
+
+        with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+            skill_command.install("@acme/ghost")
+
+    def test_install_in_project(self, skill_command):
+        import base64
+        archive = self._zip_skill("my-skill")
+        encoded = "data:application/zip;base64," + base64.b64encode(archive).decode()
+
+        mock_resp = MagicMock()
+        mock_resp.status_code = 200
+        mock_resp.json.return_value = {"file": encoded, "version": "1.0.0"}
+        skill_command.plus_api_client.get_skill = MagicMock(return_value=mock_resp)
+
+        with in_temp_dir():
+            Path("pyproject.toml").write_text("[tool]\n")
+            skill_command.install("@acme/my-skill")
+            assert Path("skills/my-skill/SKILL.md").exists()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# publish
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestSkillPublish:
+    def test_publish_no_skill_md(self, skill_command):
+        with in_temp_dir():
+            with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+                skill_command.publish(is_public=True, org="acme")
+
+    def test_publish_missing_version(self, skill_command):
+        with in_temp_dir():
+            Path("SKILL.md").write_text(
+                "---\nname: my-skill\ndescription: Test.\n---\nInstructions."
+            )
+            with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+                skill_command.publish(is_public=True, org="acme")
+
+    def test_publish_missing_name(self, skill_command):
+        with in_temp_dir():
+            Path("SKILL.md").write_text(
+                "---\ndescription: Test.\nversion: 1.0.0\n---\nInstructions."
+            )
+            with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+                skill_command.publish(is_public=True, org="acme")
+
+    def test_publish_no_org(self, skill_command):
+        with in_temp_dir():
+            Path("SKILL.md").write_text(
+                "---\nname: my-skill\nversion: 1.0.0\ndescription: Test.\n---\nInstructions."
+            )
+            with patch.object(skill_command, "plus_api_client") as mock_client:
+                mock_resp = MagicMock()
+                mock_resp.is_success = True
+                mock_resp.status_code = 200
+                mock_resp.json.return_value = {}
+                mock_client.publish_skill.return_value = mock_resp
+                # No org set → should SystemExit (no org_name in settings)
+                with patch("crewai_cli.skills.main.Settings") as mock_settings_cls:
+                    mock_settings_cls.return_value.org_name = None
+                    mock_settings_cls.return_value.enterprise_base_url = None
+                    with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+                        skill_command.publish(is_public=True, org=None)
+
+    def test_publish_calls_api(self, skill_command):
+        with in_temp_dir():
+            Path("SKILL.md").write_text(
+                "---\nname: my-skill\nversion: 1.0.0\ndescription: A test skill.\n---\nInstructions."
+            )
+            mock_resp = MagicMock()
+            mock_resp.is_success = True
+            mock_resp.status_code = 200
+            mock_resp.json.return_value = {}
+            skill_command.plus_api_client.publish_skill = MagicMock(return_value=mock_resp)
+            with patch("crewai_cli.skills.main.Settings") as mock_settings_cls:
+                mock_settings_cls.return_value.org_name = "acme"
+                mock_settings_cls.return_value.enterprise_base_url = None
+
+                skill_command.publish(is_public=False, org="acme")
+
+            skill_command.plus_api_client.publish_skill.assert_called_once()
+            call_kwargs = skill_command.plus_api_client.publish_skill.call_args
+            assert call_kwargs.kwargs["name"] == "my-skill"
+            assert call_kwargs.kwargs["version"] == "1.0.0"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# list_cached
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestSkillListCached:
+    def test_list_cached_empty(self, skill_command, capsys):
+        with in_temp_dir():
+            skill_command.list_cached()
+            # Should not raise
+
+    def test_list_cached_shows_project_skills(self, skill_command, capsys):
+        with in_temp_dir():
+            skill_dir = Path("skills/my-skill")
+            skill_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+            (skill_dir / "SKILL.md").write_text(
+                "---\nname: my-skill\nversion: 0.5.0\ndescription: A skill.\n---\nBody."
+            )
+            skill_command.list_cached()
+            # Should complete without error

lib/crewai-core/src/crewai_core/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "1.14.5a5"
+__version__ = "1.14.6a1"

lib/crewai-core/src/crewai_core/plus_api.py

@@ -3,36 +3,162 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Final, Literal, TypedDict, cast
 from urllib.parse import urljoin
 
 import httpx
+from typing_extensions import NotRequired
 
 from crewai_core.constants import DEFAULT_CREWAI_ENTERPRISE_URL
 from crewai_core.settings import Settings
 from crewai_core.version import get_crewai_version
 
 
+HttpMethod = Literal["GET", "POST", "PATCH", "DELETE"]
+
+
+class AvailableExport(TypedDict):
+    name: str
+
+
+class EnvVarEntry(TypedDict):
+    name: str
+    description: str
+    required: bool
+    default: str | None
+
+
+class ToolMetadata(TypedDict):
+    name: str
+    module: str
+    humanized_name: str
+    description: str
+    run_params_schema: dict[str, Any]
+    init_params_schema: dict[str, Any]
+    env_vars: list[EnvVarEntry]
+
+
+class ToolsMetadataPayload(TypedDict):
+    package: str
+    tools: list[ToolMetadata] | None
+
+
+class PublishToolPayload(TypedDict):
+    handle: str
+    public: bool
+    version: str
+    file: str
+    description: str | None
+    available_exports: list[AvailableExport] | None
+    tools_metadata: ToolsMetadataPayload | None
+
+
+class CrewDeploymentSpec(TypedDict):
+    name: str
+    repo_clone_url: str
+    env: dict[str, str]
+
+
+class CreateCrewPayload(TypedDict):
+    deploy: CrewDeploymentSpec
+
+
+class _WithUserIdentifier(TypedDict):
+    user_identifier: NotRequired[str]
+
+
+class LoginPayload(_WithUserIdentifier):
+    pass
+
+
+class TraceExecutionContext(TypedDict):
+    crew_fingerprint: str | None
+    crew_name: str | None
+    flow_name: str | None
+    crewai_version: str
+    privacy_level: str
+
+
+class TraceExecutionMetadata(TypedDict):
+    expected_duration_estimate: int
+    agent_count: int
+    task_count: int
+    flow_method_count: int
+    execution_started_at: str
+
+
+class TraceBatchInitPayload(_WithUserIdentifier):
+    trace_id: str
+    execution_type: str
+    execution_context: TraceExecutionContext
+    execution_metadata: TraceExecutionMetadata
+    ephemeral_trace_id: NotRequired[str]
+
+
+class TraceBatchMetadata(TypedDict):
+    events_count: int
+    batch_sequence: int
+    is_final_batch: bool
+
+
+class TraceEventsPayload(TypedDict):
+    events: list[dict[str, Any]]
+    batch_metadata: TraceBatchMetadata
+
+
+class TraceFinalizePayload(TypedDict):
+    status: Literal["completed"]
+    duration_ms: float | None
+    final_event_count: int
+
+
+class TraceFailedPayload(TypedDict):
+    status: Literal["failed"]
+    failure_reason: str
+
+
+Headers = TypedDict(
+    "Headers",
+    {
+        "Content-Type": str,
+        "User-Agent": str,
+        "X-Crewai-Version": str,
+        "Authorization": NotRequired[str],
+        "X-Crewai-Organization-Id": NotRequired[str],
+    },
+)
+
+
+class RequestKwargs(TypedDict):
+    headers: dict[str, str]
+    json: NotRequired[Any]
+    params: NotRequired[dict[str, str]]
+    timeout: NotRequired[float]
+
+
 class PlusAPI:
     """Client for working with the CrewAI+ API."""
 
-    TOOLS_RESOURCE = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/tools"
-    ORGANIZATIONS_RESOURCE = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/me/organizations"
-    CREWS_RESOURCE = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/crews"
-    AGENTS_RESOURCE = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/agents"
-    TRACING_RESOURCE = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/tracing"
-    EPHEMERAL_TRACING_RESOURCE = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/tracing/ephemeral"
-    INTEGRATIONS_RESOURCE = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/integrations"
+    TOOLS_RESOURCE: Final = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/tools"
+    SKILLS_RESOURCE: Final = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/skills"
+    ORGANIZATIONS_RESOURCE: Final = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/me/organizations"
+    CREWS_RESOURCE: Final = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/crews"
+    AGENTS_RESOURCE: Final = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/agents"
+    TRACING_RESOURCE: Final = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/tracing"
+    EPHEMERAL_TRACING_RESOURCE: Final = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/tracing/ephemeral"
+    INTEGRATIONS_RESOURCE: Final = "/crewai_plus/api/v1/integrations"
 
     def __init__(self, api_key: str | None = None) -> None:
+        version = get_crewai_version()
         self.api_key = api_key
-        self.headers = {
+        self.headers: Headers = {
             "Content-Type": "application/json",
-            "User-Agent": f"CrewAI-CLI/{get_crewai_version()}",
-            "X-Crewai-Version": get_crewai_version(),
+            "User-Agent": f"CrewAI-CLI/{version}",
+            "X-Crewai-Version": version,
         }
         if api_key:
             self.headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {api_key}"
+
         settings = Settings()
         if settings.org_uuid:
             self.headers["X-Crewai-Organization-Id"] = settings.org_uuid
@@ -44,17 +170,30 @@ class PlusAPI:
         )
 
     def _make_request(
-        self, method: str, endpoint: str, **kwargs: Any
+        self,
+        method: HttpMethod,
+        endpoint: str,
+        *,
+        json: Any = None,
+        params: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        verify: bool = True,
     ) -> httpx.Response:
         url = urljoin(self.base_url, endpoint)
-        verify = kwargs.pop("verify", True)
+        request_kwargs: RequestKwargs = {"headers": cast(dict[str, str], self.headers)}
+        if json is not None:
+            request_kwargs["json"] = json
+        if params is not None:
+            request_kwargs["params"] = params
+        if timeout is not None:
+            request_kwargs["timeout"] = timeout
         with httpx.Client(trust_env=False, verify=verify) as client:
-            return client.request(method, url, headers=self.headers, **kwargs)
+            return client.request(method, url, **request_kwargs)
 
     def login_to_tool_repository(
         self, user_identifier: str | None = None
     ) -> httpx.Response:
-        payload = {}
+        payload: LoginPayload = {}
         if user_identifier:
             payload["user_identifier"] = user_identifier
         return self._make_request("POST", f"{self.TOOLS_RESOURCE}/login", json=payload)
@@ -65,7 +204,7 @@ class PlusAPI:
     async def get_agent(self, handle: str) -> httpx.Response:
         url = urljoin(self.base_url, f"{self.AGENTS_RESOURCE}/{handle}")
         async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
-            return await client.get(url, headers=self.headers)
+            return await client.get(url, headers=cast(dict[str, str], self.headers))
 
     def publish_tool(
         self,
@@ -74,10 +213,10 @@ class PlusAPI:
         version: str,
         description: str | None,
         encoded_file: str,
-        available_exports: list[dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
-        tools_metadata: list[dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        available_exports: list[AvailableExport] | None = None,
+        tools_metadata: list[ToolMetadata] | None = None,
     ) -> httpx.Response:
-        params = {
+        params: PublishToolPayload = {
             "handle": handle,
             "public": is_public,
             "version": version,
@@ -90,6 +229,47 @@ class PlusAPI:
         }
         return self._make_request("POST", f"{self.TOOLS_RESOURCE}", json=params)
 
+    def get_skill(
+        self, org: str, name: str, version: str | None = None
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        params: dict[str, str] = {}
+        if version is not None:
+            params["version"] = version
+        return self._make_request(
+            "GET",
+            f"{self.SKILLS_RESOURCE}/{org}/{name}",
+            params=params or None,
+        )
+
+    def publish_skill(
+        self,
+        org: str,
+        name: str,
+        version: str,
+        is_public: bool,
+        description: str | None,
+        encoded_file: str,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        payload = {
+            "org": org,
+            "name": name,
+            "version": version,
+            "public": is_public,
+            "description": description,
+            "file": encoded_file,
+        }
+        return self._make_request("POST", self.SKILLS_RESOURCE, json=payload)
+
+    def list_skills(self, org: str | None = None) -> httpx.Response:
+        params: dict[str, str] = {}
+        if org is not None:
+            params["org"] = org
+        return self._make_request(
+            "GET",
+            self.SKILLS_RESOURCE,
+            params=params or None,
+        )
+
     def deploy_by_name(self, project_name: str) -> httpx.Response:
         return self._make_request(
             "POST", f"{self.CREWS_RESOURCE}/by-name/{project_name}/deploy"
@@ -129,13 +309,13 @@ class PlusAPI:
     def list_crews(self) -> httpx.Response:
         return self._make_request("GET", self.CREWS_RESOURCE)
 
-    def create_crew(self, payload: dict[str, Any]) -> httpx.Response:
+    def create_crew(self, payload: CreateCrewPayload) -> httpx.Response:
         return self._make_request("POST", self.CREWS_RESOURCE, json=payload)
 
     def get_organizations(self) -> httpx.Response:
         return self._make_request("GET", self.ORGANIZATIONS_RESOURCE)
 
-    def initialize_trace_batch(self, payload: dict[str, Any]) -> httpx.Response:
+    def initialize_trace_batch(self, payload: TraceBatchInitPayload) -> httpx.Response:
         return self._make_request(
             "POST",
             f"{self.TRACING_RESOURCE}/batches",
@@ -144,7 +324,7 @@ class PlusAPI:
         )
 
     def initialize_ephemeral_trace_batch(
-        self, payload: dict[str, Any]
+        self, payload: TraceBatchInitPayload
     ) -> httpx.Response:
         return self._make_request(
             "POST",
@@ -153,7 +333,7 @@ class PlusAPI:
         )
 
     def send_trace_events(
-        self, trace_batch_id: str, payload: dict[str, Any]
+        self, trace_batch_id: str, payload: TraceEventsPayload
     ) -> httpx.Response:
         return self._make_request(
             "POST",
@@ -163,7 +343,7 @@ class PlusAPI:
         )
 
     def send_ephemeral_trace_events(
-        self, trace_batch_id: str, payload: dict[str, Any]
+        self, trace_batch_id: str, payload: TraceEventsPayload
     ) -> httpx.Response:
         return self._make_request(
             "POST",
@@ -173,7 +353,7 @@ class PlusAPI:
         )
 
     def finalize_trace_batch(
-        self, trace_batch_id: str, payload: dict[str, Any]
+        self, trace_batch_id: str, payload: TraceFinalizePayload
     ) -> httpx.Response:
         return self._make_request(
             "PATCH",
@@ -183,7 +363,7 @@ class PlusAPI:
         )
 
     def finalize_ephemeral_trace_batch(
-        self, trace_batch_id: str, payload: dict[str, Any]
+        self, trace_batch_id: str, payload: TraceFinalizePayload
     ) -> httpx.Response:
         return self._make_request(
             "PATCH",
@@ -195,20 +375,28 @@ class PlusAPI:
     def mark_trace_batch_as_failed(
         self, trace_batch_id: str, error_message: str
     ) -> httpx.Response:
+        payload: TraceFailedPayload = {
+            "status": "failed",
+            "failure_reason": error_message,
+        }
         return self._make_request(
             "PATCH",
             f"{self.TRACING_RESOURCE}/batches/{trace_batch_id}",
-            json={"status": "failed", "failure_reason": error_message},
+            json=payload,
             timeout=30,
         )
 
     def mark_ephemeral_trace_batch_as_failed(
         self, trace_batch_id: str, error_message: str
     ) -> httpx.Response:
+        payload: TraceFailedPayload = {
+            "status": "failed",
+            "failure_reason": error_message,
+        }
         return self._make_request(
             "PATCH",
             f"{self.EPHEMERAL_TRACING_RESOURCE}/batches/{trace_batch_id}",
-            json={"status": "failed", "failure_reason": error_message},
+            json=payload,
             timeout=30,
         )
 

lib/crewai-files/src/crewai_files/__init__.py

@@ -152,4 +152,4 @@ __all__ = [
     "wrap_file_source",
 ]
 
-__version__ = "1.14.5a5"
+__version__ = "1.14.6a1"

lib/crewai-tools/pyproject.toml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ requires-python = ">=3.10, <3.14"
 dependencies = [
     "pytube~=15.0.0",
     "requests>=2.33.0,<3",
-    "crewai==1.14.5a5",
+    "crewai==1.14.6a1",
     "tiktoken>=0.8.0,<0.13",
     "beautifulsoup4~=4.13.4",
     "python-docx~=1.2.0",

lib/crewai-tools/src/crewai_tools/__init__.py

@@ -330,4 +330,4 @@ __all__ = [
     "ZapierActionTools",
 ]
 
-__version__ = "1.14.5a5"
+__version__ = "1.14.6a1"

lib/crewai-tools/src/crewai_tools/tools/databricks_query_tool/databricks_query_tool.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import os
 import time
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeGuard, TypedDict
 
-from crewai.tools import BaseTool
+from crewai.tools import BaseTool, EnvVar
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, model_validator
 
 
@@ -99,6 +99,25 @@ class DatabricksQueryTool(BaseTool):
 
     _workspace_client: WorkspaceClient | None = None
     package_dependencies: list[str] = Field(default_factory=lambda: ["databricks-sdk"])
+    env_vars: list[EnvVar] = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: [
+            EnvVar(
+                name="DATABRICKS_HOST",
+                description="Databricks workspace URL (use with DATABRICKS_TOKEN, or set DATABRICKS_CONFIG_PROFILE instead).",
+                required=False,
+            ),
+            EnvVar(
+                name="DATABRICKS_TOKEN",
+                description="Databricks personal access token (pair with DATABRICKS_HOST).",
+                required=False,
+            ),
+            EnvVar(
+                name="DATABRICKS_CONFIG_PROFILE",
+                description="Databricks CLI profile name (alternative to DATABRICKS_HOST/TOKEN).",
+                required=False,
+            ),
+        ]
+    )
 
     def __init__(
         self,

lib/crewai-tools/tool.specs.json

@@ -6821,7 +6821,26 @@
     },
     {
       "description": "Execute SQL queries against Databricks workspace tables and return the results. Provide a 'query' parameter with the SQL query to execute.",
-      "env_vars": [],
+      "env_vars": [
+        {
+          "default": null,
+          "description": "Databricks workspace URL (use with DATABRICKS_TOKEN, or set DATABRICKS_CONFIG_PROFILE instead).",
+          "name": "DATABRICKS_HOST",
+          "required": false
+        },
+        {
+          "default": null,
+          "description": "Databricks personal access token (pair with DATABRICKS_HOST).",
+          "name": "DATABRICKS_TOKEN",
+          "required": false
+        },
+        {
+          "default": null,
+          "description": "Databricks CLI profile name (alternative to DATABRICKS_HOST/TOKEN).",
+          "name": "DATABRICKS_CONFIG_PROFILE",
+          "required": false
+        }
+      ],
       "humanized_name": "Databricks SQL Query",
       "init_params_schema": {
         "$defs": {

lib/crewai/pyproject.toml

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ authors = [
 ]
 requires-python = ">=3.10, <3.14"
 dependencies = [
-    "crewai-core==1.14.5a5",
-    "crewai-cli==1.14.5a5",
+    "crewai-core==1.14.6a1",
+    "crewai-cli==1.14.6a1",
     # Core Dependencies
     "pydantic>=2.11.9,<2.13",
     "openai>=2.30.0,<3",
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Repository = "https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI"
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 tools = [
-    "crewai-tools==1.14.5a5",
+    "crewai-tools==1.14.6a1",
 ]
 embeddings = [
     "tiktoken>=0.8.0,<0.13"
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ a2a = [
      "aiocache[redis,memcached]~=0.12.3",
 ]
 file-processing = [
-    "crewai-files==1.14.5a5",
+    "crewai-files",
 ]
 qdrant-edge = [
     "qdrant-edge-py>=0.6.0",

lib/crewai/src/crewai/__init__.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def _suppress_pydantic_deprecation_warnings() -> None:
 
 _suppress_pydantic_deprecation_warnings()
 
-__version__ = "1.14.5a5"
+__version__ = "1.14.6a1"
 
 _LAZY_IMPORTS: dict[str, tuple[str, str]] = {
     "Memory": ("crewai.memory.unified_memory", "Memory"),

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agent/core.py

@@ -220,7 +220,11 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
         str | BaseLLM | None,
         BeforeValidator(_validate_llm_ref),
         PlainSerializer(_serialize_llm_ref, return_type=dict | None, when_used="json"),
-    ] = Field(description="Language model that will run the agent.", default=None)
+    ] = Field(
+        description="Language model that will run the agent.",
+        default=None,
+        deprecated="function_calling_llm is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.",
+    )
     system_template: str | None = Field(
         default=None, description="System format for the agent."
     )
@@ -430,7 +434,7 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
         from crewai.crew import Crew
 
         if resolved_crew_skills is None:
-            crew_skills: list[Path | SkillModel] | None = (
+            crew_skills: list[Path | SkillModel | str] | None = (
                 self.crew.skills
                 if isinstance(self.crew, Crew) and isinstance(self.crew.skills, list)
                 else None
@@ -442,7 +446,7 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
             return
 
         needs_work = self.skills and any(
-            isinstance(s, Path)
+            isinstance(s, (Path, str))
             or (isinstance(s, SkillModel) and s.disclosure_level < INSTRUCTIONS)
             for s in self.skills
         )
@@ -450,14 +454,28 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
             return
 
         seen: set[str] = set()
-        resolved: list[Path | SkillModel] = []
-        items: list[Path | SkillModel] = list(self.skills) if self.skills else []
+        resolved: list[Path | SkillModel | str] = []
+        items: list[Path | SkillModel | str] = list(self.skills) if self.skills else []
 
         if crew_skills:
             items.extend(crew_skills)
 
         for item in items:
-            if isinstance(item, Path):
+            if isinstance(item, str):
+                from crewai.skills.registry import (
+                    is_registry_ref,
+                    parse_registry_ref,
+                    resolve_registry_ref,
+                )
+
+                if is_registry_ref(item):
+                    skill = resolve_registry_ref(item, source=self)
+                    org, _ = parse_registry_ref(item)
+                    dedup_key = f"{org}/{skill.name}"
+                    if dedup_key not in seen:
+                        seen.add(dedup_key)
+                        resolved.append(skill)
+            elif isinstance(item, Path):
                 discovered = discover_skills(item, source=self)
                 for skill in discovered:
                     if skill.name not in seen:

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/agent_adapters/langgraph/langgraph_adapter.py

@@ -51,7 +51,10 @@ class LangGraphAgentAdapter(BaseAgentAdapter):
     _graph: Any = PrivateAttr(default=None)
     _memory: Any = PrivateAttr(default=None)
     _max_iterations: int = PrivateAttr(default=10)
-    function_calling_llm: Any = Field(default=None)
+    function_calling_llm: Any = Field(
+        default=None,
+        deprecated="function_calling_llm is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.",
+    )
     step_callback: SerializableCallable | None = Field(default=None)
 
     model: str = Field(default="gpt-4o")

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/agent_adapters/openai_agents/openai_adapter.py

@@ -60,7 +60,10 @@ class OpenAIAgentAdapter(BaseAgentAdapter):
     _openai_agent: OpenAIAgentProtocol = PrivateAttr()
     _logger: Logger = PrivateAttr(default_factory=Logger)
     _active_thread: str | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
-    function_calling_llm: Any = Field(default=None)
+    function_calling_llm: Any = Field(
+        default=None,
+        deprecated="function_calling_llm is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.",
+    )
     step_callback: Any = Field(default=None)
     _tool_adapter: OpenAIAgentToolAdapter = PrivateAttr()
     _converter_adapter: OpenAIConverterAdapter = PrivateAttr()

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/agent_builder/base_agent.py

@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ from crewai.agents.tools_handler import ToolsHandler
 from crewai.events.base_events import set_emission_counter
 from crewai.events.event_bus import crewai_event_bus
 from crewai.events.event_context import restore_event_scope, set_last_event_id
-from crewai.knowledge.knowledge import Knowledge
+from crewai.knowledge.knowledge import Knowledge, _resolve_knowledge_sources
 from crewai.knowledge.knowledge_config import KnowledgeConfig
 from crewai.knowledge.source.base_knowledge_source import BaseKnowledgeSource
 from crewai.knowledge.storage.base_knowledge_storage import BaseKnowledgeStorage
 from crewai.llms.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from crewai.mcp.config import MCPServerConfig
-from crewai.memory.memory_scope import MemoryScope, MemorySlice
+from crewai.memory.memory_scope import MemoryScope, MemorySlice, _ensure_memory_kind
 from crewai.memory.unified_memory import Memory
 from crewai.rag.embeddings.types import EmbedderConfig
 from crewai.security.security_config import SecurityConfig
@@ -127,6 +127,13 @@ def _validate_executor_ref(value: Any) -> Any:
     return value
 
 
+def _serialize_executor_ref(value: Any) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    result: dict[str, Any] = value.model_dump(mode="json")
+    return result
+
+
 def _serialize_llm_ref(value: Any) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
     if value is None:
         return None
@@ -251,14 +258,13 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC, metaclass=AgentMeta):
     max_iter: int = Field(
         default=25, description="Maximum iterations for an agent to execute a task"
     )
-    agent_executor: SerializeAsAny[BaseAgentExecutor] | None = Field(
-        default=None, description="An instance of the CrewAgentExecutor class."
-    )
-
-    @field_validator("agent_executor", mode="before")
-    @classmethod
-    def _validate_agent_executor(cls, v: Any) -> Any:
-        return _validate_executor_ref(v)
+    agent_executor: Annotated[
+        SerializeAsAny[BaseAgentExecutor] | None,
+        BeforeValidator(_validate_executor_ref),
+        PlainSerializer(
+            _serialize_executor_ref, return_type=dict | None, when_used="json"
+        ),
+    ] = Field(default=None, description="An instance of the CrewAgentExecutor class.")
 
     llm: Annotated[
         str | BaseLLM | None,
@@ -288,7 +294,10 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC, metaclass=AgentMeta):
     knowledge: Knowledge | None = Field(
         default=None, description="Knowledge for the agent."
     )
-    knowledge_sources: list[BaseKnowledgeSource] | None = Field(
+    knowledge_sources: Annotated[
+        list[BaseKnowledgeSource] | None,
+        BeforeValidator(_resolve_knowledge_sources),
+    ] = Field(
         default=None,
         description="Knowledge sources for the agent.",
     )
@@ -326,7 +335,14 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC, metaclass=AgentMeta):
         default=None,
         description="List of MCP server references. Supports 'https://server.com/path' for external servers and bare slugs like 'notion' for connected MCP integrations. Use '#tool_name' suffix for specific tools.",
     )
-    memory: bool | Memory | MemoryScope | MemorySlice | None = Field(
+    memory: Annotated[
+        bool
+        | Annotated[
+            Memory | MemoryScope | MemorySlice, Field(discriminator="memory_kind")
+        ]
+        | None,
+        BeforeValidator(_ensure_memory_kind),
+    ] = Field(
         default=None,
         description=(
             "Enable agent memory. Pass True for default Memory(), "
@@ -334,9 +350,9 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC, metaclass=AgentMeta):
             "If not set, falls back to crew memory."
         ),
     )
-    skills: list[Path | Skill] | None = Field(
+    skills: list[Path | Skill | str] | None = Field(
         default=None,
-        description="Agent Skills. Accepts paths for discovery or pre-loaded Skill objects.",
+        description="Agent Skills. Accepts paths for discovery, pre-loaded Skill objects, or '@org/name' registry refs.",
         min_length=1,
     )
     execution_context: ExecutionContext | None = Field(default=None)
@@ -397,8 +413,21 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC, metaclass=AgentMeta):
             self.agent_executor._resuming = True
         if self.checkpoint_kickoff_event_id is not None:
             self._kickoff_event_id = self.checkpoint_kickoff_event_id
+        self._rebind_memory_view()
         self._restore_event_scope(state)
 
+    def _rebind_memory_view(self) -> None:
+        """Reattach a fresh ``Memory`` to a restored ``MemoryScope``/``MemorySlice``.
+
+        Checkpoint JSON omits the live ``Memory`` dependency, so scoped
+        memory views raise ``RuntimeError`` on first use after restore.
+        """
+        if (
+            isinstance(self.memory, MemoryScope | MemorySlice)
+            and self.memory._memory is None
+        ):
+            self.memory.bind(Memory())
+
     def _restore_event_scope(self, state: RuntimeState) -> None:
         """Rebuild the event scope stack from the checkpoint's event record.
 
@@ -429,6 +458,20 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC, metaclass=AgentMeta):
     def process_model_config(cls, values: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return process_config(values, cls)
 
+    @field_validator("skills", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def coerce_skill_strings(cls, skills: Any) -> Any:
+        """Coerce plain path strings to Path objects; keep @-prefixed refs as str."""
+        if not isinstance(skills, list):
+            return skills
+        result = []
+        for item in skills:
+            if isinstance(item, str) and not item.startswith("@"):
+                result.append(Path(item))
+            else:
+                result.append(item)
+        return result
+
     @field_validator("tools")
     @classmethod
     def validate_tools(cls, tools: list[Any]) -> list[BaseTool]:

lib/crewai/src/crewai/crew.py

@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ from crewai.events.types.crew_events import (
     CrewTrainStartedEvent,
 )
 from crewai.flow.flow_trackable import FlowTrackable
-from crewai.knowledge.knowledge import Knowledge
+from crewai.knowledge.knowledge import Knowledge, _resolve_knowledge_sources
 from crewai.knowledge.source.base_knowledge_source import BaseKnowledgeSource
 from crewai.llm import LLM
 from crewai.llms.base_llm import BaseLLM
-from crewai.memory.memory_scope import MemoryScope, MemorySlice
+from crewai.memory.memory_scope import MemoryScope, MemorySlice, _ensure_memory_kind
 from crewai.memory.unified_memory import Memory
 from crewai.process import Process
 from crewai.rag.embeddings.types import EmbedderConfig
@@ -223,7 +223,14 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
     ] = Field(default_factory=list)
     process: Process = Field(default=Process.sequential)
     verbose: bool = Field(default=False)
-    memory: bool | Memory | MemoryScope | MemorySlice | None = Field(
+    memory: Annotated[
+        bool
+        | Annotated[
+            Memory | MemoryScope | MemorySlice, Field(discriminator="memory_kind")
+        ]
+        | None,
+        BeforeValidator(_ensure_memory_kind),
+    ] = Field(
         default=False,
         description=(
             "Enable crew memory. Pass True for default Memory(), "
@@ -251,7 +258,11 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         str | LLM | None,
         BeforeValidator(_validate_llm_ref),
         PlainSerializer(_serialize_llm_ref, return_type=dict | None, when_used="json"),
-    ] = Field(description="Language model that will run the agent.", default=None)
+    ] = Field(
+        description="Language model that will run the agent.",
+        default=None,
+        deprecated="function_calling_llm is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.",
+    )
     config: Json[dict[str, Any]] | dict[str, Any] | None = Field(default=None)
     id: UUID4 = Field(default_factory=uuid.uuid4, frozen=True)
     share_crew: bool | None = Field(default=False)
@@ -318,7 +329,10 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         default_factory=list,
         description="list of execution logs for tasks",
     )
-    knowledge_sources: list[BaseKnowledgeSource] | None = Field(
+    knowledge_sources: Annotated[
+        list[BaseKnowledgeSource] | None,
+        BeforeValidator(_resolve_knowledge_sources),
+    ] = Field(
         default=None,
         description=(
             "Knowledge sources for the crew. Add knowledge sources to the "
@@ -337,9 +351,9 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         default=None,
         description="Knowledge for the crew.",
     )
-    skills: list[Path | Skill] | None = Field(
+    skills: list[Path | Skill | str] | None = Field(
         default=None,
-        description="Skill search paths or pre-loaded Skill objects applied to all agents in the crew.",
+        description="Skill search paths, pre-loaded Skill objects, or '@org/name' registry refs applied to all agents in the crew.",
     )
 
     security_config: SecurityConfig = Field(
@@ -473,8 +487,42 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         if self.checkpoint_train is not None:
             self._train = self.checkpoint_train
 
+        self._rebind_memory_views()
         self._restore_event_scope()
 
+    def _rebind_memory_views(self) -> None:
+        """Reattach a live ``Memory`` to restored ``MemoryScope``/``MemorySlice`` views.
+
+        Checkpoint JSON omits the live ``Memory`` dependency on scope/slice
+        views, so after restore they raise ``RuntimeError`` on first use.
+        Prefer the crew's restored ``Memory`` (from ``create_crew_memory``
+        or a ``Crew.memory=Memory(...)`` instance) so all views share one
+        backing store; fall back to a fresh ``Memory()`` only if nothing is
+        available.
+        """
+        from crewai.memory.memory_scope import MemoryScope, MemorySlice
+        from crewai.memory.unified_memory import Memory
+
+        backing: Memory | None = None
+        if isinstance(self._memory, Memory):
+            backing = self._memory
+        elif isinstance(self.memory, Memory):
+            backing = self.memory
+
+        def _ensure(view: Any) -> None:
+            nonlocal backing
+            if not isinstance(view, MemoryScope | MemorySlice):
+                return
+            if view._memory is not None:
+                return
+            if backing is None:
+                backing = Memory()
+            view.bind(backing)
+
+        _ensure(self.memory)
+        for agent in self.agents:
+            _ensure(agent.memory)
+
     def _restore_event_scope(self) -> None:
         """Rebuild the event scope stack from the checkpoint's event record."""
         from crewai.events.base_events import set_emission_counter
@@ -522,6 +570,20 @@ class Crew(FlowTrackable, BaseModel):
         if max_seq > 0:
             set_emission_counter(max_seq)
 
+    @field_validator("skills", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def coerce_skill_strings(cls, skills: Any) -> Any:
+        """Coerce plain path strings to Path objects; keep @-prefixed refs as str."""
+        if not isinstance(skills, list):
+            return skills
+        result = []
+        for item in skills:
+            if isinstance(item, str) and not item.startswith("@"):
+                result.append(Path(item))
+            else:
+                result.append(item)
+        return result
+
     @field_validator("id", mode="before")
     @classmethod
     def _deny_user_set_id(cls, v: UUID4 | None, info: Any) -> UUID4 | None:

lib/crewai/src/crewai/events/listeners/tracing/trace_batch_manager.py

@@ -6,6 +6,14 @@ import time
 from typing import Any
 import uuid
 
+from crewai_core.plus_api import (
+    TraceBatchInitPayload,
+    TraceBatchMetadata,
+    TraceEventsPayload,
+    TraceExecutionContext,
+    TraceExecutionMetadata,
+    TraceFinalizePayload,
+)
 from crewai_core.settings import Settings
 from rich.console import Console
 from rich.panel import Panel
@@ -123,25 +131,27 @@ class TraceBatchManager:
             return None
 
         try:
-            payload = {
+            execution_context: TraceExecutionContext = {
+                "crew_fingerprint": execution_metadata.get("crew_fingerprint"),
+                "crew_name": execution_metadata.get("crew_name", None),
+                "flow_name": execution_metadata.get("flow_name", None),
+                "crewai_version": self.current_batch.version,
+                "privacy_level": user_context.get("privacy_level", "standard"),
+            }
+            execution_metadata_payload: TraceExecutionMetadata = {
+                "expected_duration_estimate": execution_metadata.get(
+                    "expected_duration_estimate", 300
+                ),
+                "agent_count": execution_metadata.get("agent_count", 0),
+                "task_count": execution_metadata.get("task_count", 0),
+                "flow_method_count": execution_metadata.get("flow_method_count", 0),
+                "execution_started_at": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+            }
+            payload: TraceBatchInitPayload = {
                 "trace_id": self.current_batch.batch_id,
                 "execution_type": execution_metadata.get("execution_type", "crew"),
-                "execution_context": {
-                    "crew_fingerprint": execution_metadata.get("crew_fingerprint"),
-                    "crew_name": execution_metadata.get("crew_name", None),
-                    "flow_name": execution_metadata.get("flow_name", None),
-                    "crewai_version": self.current_batch.version,
-                    "privacy_level": user_context.get("privacy_level", "standard"),
-                },
-                "execution_metadata": {
-                    "expected_duration_estimate": execution_metadata.get(
-                        "expected_duration_estimate", 300
-                    ),
-                    "agent_count": execution_metadata.get("agent_count", 0),
-                    "task_count": execution_metadata.get("task_count", 0),
-                    "flow_method_count": execution_metadata.get("flow_method_count", 0),
-                    "execution_started_at": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
-                },
+                "execution_context": execution_context,
+                "execution_metadata": execution_metadata_payload,
             }
             if use_ephemeral:
                 payload["ephemeral_trace_id"] = self.current_batch.batch_id
@@ -264,13 +274,14 @@ class TraceBatchManager:
         if not self.plus_api or not self.trace_batch_id or not self.event_buffer:
             return 500
         try:
-            payload = {
+            batch_metadata: TraceBatchMetadata = {
+                "events_count": len(self.event_buffer),
+                "batch_sequence": 1,
+                "is_final_batch": False,
+            }
+            payload: TraceEventsPayload = {
                 "events": [event.to_dict() for event in self.event_buffer],
-                "batch_metadata": {
-                    "events_count": len(self.event_buffer),
-                    "batch_sequence": 1,
-                    "is_final_batch": False,
-                },
+                "batch_metadata": batch_metadata,
             }
 
             response = (
@@ -364,7 +375,7 @@ class TraceBatchManager:
             return
 
         try:
-            payload = {
+            payload: TraceFinalizePayload = {
                 "status": "completed",
                 "duration_ms": self.calculate_duration("execution"),
                 "final_event_count": events_count,

lib/crewai/src/crewai/events/types/skill_events.py

@@ -60,3 +60,20 @@ class SkillLoadFailedEvent(SkillEvent):
 
     type: Literal["skill_load_failed"] = "skill_load_failed"
     error: str
+
+
+class SkillDownloadStartedEvent(SkillEvent):
+    """Event emitted when a registry skill download begins."""
+
+    type: Literal["skill_download_started"] = "skill_download_started"
+    registry_ref: str
+    version: str | None = None
+
+
+class SkillDownloadCompletedEvent(SkillEvent):
+    """Event emitted when a registry skill download completes."""
+
+    type: Literal["skill_download_completed"] = "skill_download_completed"
+    registry_ref: str
+    version: str | None = None
+    cache_path: Path | None = None

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/flow.py

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ from crewai.flow.utils import (
     is_flow_method_name,
     is_simple_flow_condition,
 )
-from crewai.memory.memory_scope import MemoryScope, MemorySlice
+from crewai.memory.memory_scope import MemoryScope, MemorySlice, _ensure_memory_kind
 from crewai.memory.unified_memory import Memory
 from crewai.state.checkpoint_config import (
     CheckpointConfig,
@@ -159,6 +159,39 @@ def _resolve_persistence(value: Any) -> Any:
     return value
 
 
+def _serialize_persistence(value: Any) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    if isinstance(value, FlowPersistence):
+        return value.model_dump(mode="json")
+    raise TypeError(
+        f"Cannot serialize Flow.persistence of type {type(value).__name__}: "
+        "expected FlowPersistence or None."
+    )
+
+
+def _validate_input_provider(value: Any) -> Any:
+    if value is None or isinstance(value, InputProvider):
+        return value
+    from crewai.types.callback import _dotted_path_to_instance
+
+    resolved = _dotted_path_to_instance(value)
+    if resolved is None or isinstance(resolved, InputProvider):
+        return resolved
+    raise ValueError(
+        f"Resolved input_provider {resolved!r} does not implement the "
+        "InputProvider protocol (missing request_input)."
+    )
+
+
+def _serialize_input_provider(value: Any) -> str | None:
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    from crewai.types.callback import _instance_to_dotted_path
+
+    return _instance_to_dotted_path(value)
+
+
 _INITIAL_STATE_CLASS_MARKER = "__crewai_pydantic_class_schema__"
 
 
@@ -949,15 +982,30 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
     name: str | None = Field(default=None)
     tracing: bool | None = Field(default=None)
     stream: bool = Field(default=False)
-    memory: Memory | MemoryScope | MemorySlice | None = Field(default=None)
-    input_provider: InputProvider | None = Field(default=None)
+    memory: Annotated[
+        Annotated[
+            Memory | MemoryScope | MemorySlice, Field(discriminator="memory_kind")
+        ]
+        | None,
+        BeforeValidator(_ensure_memory_kind),
+    ] = Field(default=None)
+    input_provider: Annotated[
+        InputProvider | None,
+        BeforeValidator(_validate_input_provider),
+        PlainSerializer(
+            _serialize_input_provider, return_type=str | None, when_used="json"
+        ),
+    ] = Field(default=None)
     suppress_flow_events: bool = Field(default=False)
     human_feedback_history: list[HumanFeedbackResult] = Field(default_factory=list)
     last_human_feedback: HumanFeedbackResult | None = Field(default=None)
 
     persistence: Annotated[
-        SerializeAsAny[FlowPersistence] | Any,
+        SerializeAsAny[FlowPersistence] | None,
         BeforeValidator(lambda v, _: _resolve_persistence(v)),
+        PlainSerializer(
+            _serialize_persistence, return_type=dict | None, when_used="json"
+        ),
     ] = Field(default=None)
     max_method_calls: int = Field(default=100)
 
@@ -1050,6 +1098,11 @@ class Flow(BaseModel, Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
             }
         if self.checkpoint_state is not None:
             self._restore_state(self.checkpoint_state)
+        if (
+            isinstance(self.memory, MemoryScope | MemorySlice)
+            and self.memory._memory is None
+        ):
+            self.memory.bind(Memory())
         restore_event_scope(())
         reset_last_event_id()
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/knowledge/knowledge.py

@@ -1,16 +1,89 @@
 import os
+from typing import Annotated, Any
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+from pydantic import BaseModel, BeforeValidator, ConfigDict, Field, PlainSerializer
 
 from crewai.knowledge.source.base_knowledge_source import BaseKnowledgeSource
+from crewai.knowledge.source.crew_docling_source import CrewDoclingSource
+from crewai.knowledge.source.csv_knowledge_source import CSVKnowledgeSource
+from crewai.knowledge.source.excel_knowledge_source import ExcelKnowledgeSource
+from crewai.knowledge.source.json_knowledge_source import JSONKnowledgeSource
+from crewai.knowledge.source.pdf_knowledge_source import PDFKnowledgeSource
+from crewai.knowledge.source.string_knowledge_source import StringKnowledgeSource
+from crewai.knowledge.source.text_file_knowledge_source import (
+    TextFileKnowledgeSource,
+)
 from crewai.knowledge.storage.knowledge_storage import KnowledgeStorage
+from crewai.rag.core.base_embeddings_provider import BaseEmbeddingsProvider
 from crewai.rag.embeddings.types import EmbedderConfig
 from crewai.rag.types import SearchResult
 
 
+_KNOWN_SOURCES: dict[str, type[BaseKnowledgeSource]] = {
+    "string": StringKnowledgeSource,
+    "docling": CrewDoclingSource,
+    "csv": CSVKnowledgeSource,
+    "excel": ExcelKnowledgeSource,
+    "json": JSONKnowledgeSource,
+    "pdf": PDFKnowledgeSource,
+    "text_file": TextFileKnowledgeSource,
+}
+
+
+def _resolve_knowledge_sources(value: Any) -> Any:
+    """Coerce list of dicts into typed BaseKnowledgeSource subclasses via source_type.
+
+    Pass-through for anything else (existing instances, mocks).
+    """
+    if not isinstance(value, list):
+        return value
+    resolved: list[Any] = []
+    for idx, item in enumerate(value):
+        if isinstance(item, dict):
+            tag = item.get("source_type")
+            if not isinstance(tag, str):
+                resolved.append(item)
+                continue
+            cls = _KNOWN_SOURCES.get(tag)
+            if cls is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Unknown source_type={tag!r} at index {idx}: "
+                    f"expected one of {sorted(_KNOWN_SOURCES)}"
+                )
+            try:
+                resolved.append(cls.model_validate(item))
+            except Exception as exc:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Failed to validate knowledge source at index {idx} "
+                    f"with source_type={tag!r}: {exc}"
+                ) from exc
+        else:
+            resolved.append(item)
+    return resolved
+
+
 os.environ["TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM"] = "false"  # removes logging from fastembed
 
 
+def _serialize_embedder_spec(value: Any) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    if isinstance(value, BaseEmbeddingsProvider):
+        return value.model_dump(mode="json")
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        return value
+    if isinstance(value, type) and issubclass(value, BaseEmbeddingsProvider):
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"Cannot checkpoint embedder class {value.__module__}.{value.__qualname__}: "
+            "build_embedder requires an instance or ProviderSpec dict, not a class. "
+            "Instantiate the provider before assigning it to Knowledge.embedder."
+        )
+    raise TypeError(
+        f"Cannot serialize embedder of type {type(value).__name__}: "
+        "expected ProviderSpec dict or BaseEmbeddingsProvider instance."
+    )
+
+
 class Knowledge(BaseModel):
     """
     Knowledge is a collection of sources and setup for the vector store to save and query relevant context.
@@ -20,10 +93,18 @@ class Knowledge(BaseModel):
         embedder: EmbedderConfig | None = None
     """
 
-    sources: list[BaseKnowledgeSource] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    sources: Annotated[
+        list[BaseKnowledgeSource],
+        BeforeValidator(_resolve_knowledge_sources),
+    ] = Field(default_factory=list)
     model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
     storage: KnowledgeStorage | None = Field(default=None)
-    embedder: EmbedderConfig | None = None
+    embedder: Annotated[
+        EmbedderConfig | None,
+        PlainSerializer(
+            _serialize_embedder_spec, return_type=dict | None, when_used="json"
+        ),
+    ] = None
     collection_name: str | None = None
 
     def __init__(

lib/crewai/src/crewai/knowledge/source/base_knowledge_source.py

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ class BaseKnowledgeSource(BaseModel, ABC):
     chunk_size: int = 4000
     chunk_overlap: int = 200
     chunks: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
-    chunk_embeddings: list[np.ndarray[Any, np.dtype[Any]]] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    chunk_embeddings: list[np.ndarray[Any, np.dtype[Any]]] = Field(
+        default_factory=list, exclude=True
+    )
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
     storage: KnowledgeStorage | None = Field(default=None)

lib/crewai/src/crewai/knowledge/source/crew_docling_source.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Iterator
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ class CrewDoclingSource(BaseKnowledgeSource):
 
     _logger: Logger = Logger(verbose=True)
 
+    source_type: Literal["docling"] = "docling"
     file_path: list[Path | str] | None = Field(default=None)
     file_paths: list[Path | str] = Field(default_factory=list)
     chunks: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)

lib/crewai/src/crewai/knowledge/source/csv_knowledge_source.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import csv
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Literal
 
 from crewai.knowledge.source.base_file_knowledge_source import BaseFileKnowledgeSource
 
@@ -7,6 +8,8 @@ from crewai.knowledge.source.base_file_knowledge_source import BaseFileKnowledge
 class CSVKnowledgeSource(BaseFileKnowledgeSource):
     """A knowledge source that stores and queries CSV file content using embeddings."""
 
+    source_type: Literal["csv"] = "csv"
+
     def load_content(self) -> dict[Path, str]:
         """Load and preprocess CSV file content."""
         content_dict = {}

lib/crewai/src/crewai/knowledge/source/excel_knowledge_source.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Literal
 
 from pydantic import Field, field_validator
 
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ class ExcelKnowledgeSource(BaseKnowledgeSource):
 
     _logger: Logger = Logger(verbose=True)
 
+    source_type: Literal["excel"] = "excel"
     file_path: Path | list[Path] | str | list[str] | None = Field(
         default=None,
         description="[Deprecated] The path to the file. Use file_paths instead.",

lib/crewai/src/crewai/knowledge/source/json_knowledge_source.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Literal
 
 from crewai.knowledge.source.base_file_knowledge_source import BaseFileKnowledgeSource
 
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ from crewai.knowledge.source.base_file_knowledge_source import BaseFileKnowledge
 class JSONKnowledgeSource(BaseFileKnowledgeSource):
     """A knowledge source that stores and queries JSON file content using embeddings."""
 
+    source_type: Literal["json"] = "json"
+
     def load_content(self) -> dict[Path, str]:
         """Load and preprocess JSON file content."""
         content: dict[Path, str] = {}

lib/crewai/src/crewai/knowledge/source/pdf_knowledge_source.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from types import ModuleType
+from typing import Literal
 
 from crewai.knowledge.source.base_file_knowledge_source import BaseFileKnowledgeSource
 
@@ -7,6 +8,8 @@ from crewai.knowledge.source.base_file_knowledge_source import BaseFileKnowledge
 class PDFKnowledgeSource(BaseFileKnowledgeSource):
     """A knowledge source that stores and queries PDF file content using embeddings."""
 
+    source_type: Literal["pdf"] = "pdf"
+
     def load_content(self) -> dict[Path, str]:
         """Load and preprocess PDF file content."""
         pdfplumber = self._import_pdfplumber()

lib/crewai/src/crewai/knowledge/source/string_knowledge_source.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Literal
 
 from pydantic import Field
 
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from crewai.knowledge.source.base_knowledge_source import BaseKnowledgeSource
 class StringKnowledgeSource(BaseKnowledgeSource):
     """A knowledge source that stores and queries plain text content using embeddings."""
 
+    source_type: Literal["string"] = "string"
     content: str = Field(...)
     collection_name: str | None = Field(default=None)
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/knowledge/source/text_file_knowledge_source.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Literal
 
 from crewai.knowledge.source.base_file_knowledge_source import BaseFileKnowledgeSource
 
@@ -6,6 +7,8 @@ from crewai.knowledge.source.base_file_knowledge_source import BaseFileKnowledge
 class TextFileKnowledgeSource(BaseFileKnowledgeSource):
     """A knowledge source that stores and queries text file content using embeddings."""
 
+    source_type: Literal["text_file"] = "text_file"
+
     def load_content(self) -> dict[Path, str]:
         """Load and preprocess text file content."""
         content = {}

lib/crewai/src/crewai/llm.py

@@ -940,6 +940,21 @@ class LLM(BaseLLM):
                 self._track_token_usage_internal(usage_info)
             self._handle_streaming_callbacks(callbacks, usage_info, last_chunk)
 
+            if accumulated_tool_args and not available_functions:
+                tool_calls_list: list[ChatCompletionDeltaToolCall] = [
+                    ChatCompletionDeltaToolCall(
+                        index=idx,
+                        function=Function(
+                            name=tool_arg.function.name,
+                            arguments=tool_arg.function.arguments,
+                        ),
+                    )
+                    for idx, tool_arg in sorted(accumulated_tool_args.items())
+                    if tool_arg.function.name
+                ]
+                if tool_calls_list:
+                    return tool_calls_list
+
             if not tool_calls or not available_functions:
                 if response_model and self.is_litellm:
                     instructor_instance = InternalInstructor(
@@ -1535,8 +1550,7 @@ class LLM(BaseLLM):
             if usage_info:
                 self._track_token_usage_internal(usage_info)
 
-            if accumulated_tool_args and available_functions:
-                # Convert accumulated tool args to ChatCompletionDeltaToolCall objects
+            if accumulated_tool_args:
                 tool_calls_list: list[ChatCompletionDeltaToolCall] = [
                     ChatCompletionDeltaToolCall(
                         index=idx,
@@ -1545,21 +1559,24 @@ class LLM(BaseLLM):
                             arguments=tool_arg.function.arguments,
                         ),
                     )
-                    for idx, tool_arg in accumulated_tool_args.items()
+                    for idx, tool_arg in sorted(accumulated_tool_args.items())
                     if tool_arg.function.name
                 ]
 
                 if tool_calls_list:
-                    result = self._handle_streaming_tool_calls(
-                        tool_calls=tool_calls_list,
-                        accumulated_tool_args=accumulated_tool_args,
-                        available_functions=available_functions,
-                        from_task=from_task,
-                        from_agent=from_agent,
-                        response_id=response_id,
-                    )
-                    if result is not None:
-                        return result
+                    if available_functions:
+                        result = self._handle_streaming_tool_calls(
+                            tool_calls=tool_calls_list,
+                            accumulated_tool_args=accumulated_tool_args,
+                            available_functions=available_functions,
+                            from_task=from_task,
+                            from_agent=from_agent,
+                            response_id=response_id,
+                        )
+                        if result is not None:
+                            return result
+                    else:
+                        return tool_calls_list
 
             usage_dict = self._usage_to_dict(usage_info)
             self._handle_emit_call_events(

lib/crewai/src/crewai/memory/memory_scope.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any, Literal
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, PrivateAttr, model_validator
+from typing_extensions import Self
 
 from crewai.memory.types import (
     _RECALL_OVERSAMPLE_FACTOR,
@@ -16,15 +17,35 @@ from crewai.memory.types import (
 from crewai.memory.unified_memory import Memory
 
 
+def _ensure_memory_kind(value: Any) -> Any:
+    """Backfill ``memory_kind`` on legacy dicts that predate the discriminator.
+
+    Lets pre-1.14.6 configs/checkpoints flow into the discriminated
+    ``Memory | MemoryScope | MemorySlice`` union without crashing. Inference:
+    ``scopes`` key → ``slice``; ``root_path`` → ``scope``; else ``memory``.
+    Pass-through for non-dict values (instances, ``bool``, ``None``).
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, dict) and "memory_kind" not in value:
+        if "scopes" in value:
+            value["memory_kind"] = "slice"
+        elif "root_path" in value:
+            value["memory_kind"] = "scope"
+        else:
+            value["memory_kind"] = "memory"
+    return value
+
+
 class MemoryScope(BaseModel):
     """View of Memory restricted to a root path. All operations are scoped under that path."""
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
+    memory_kind: Literal["scope"] = "scope"
+
     root_path: str = Field(default="/")
 
-    _memory: Memory = PrivateAttr()
-    _root: str = PrivateAttr()
+    _memory: Memory | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
+    _root: str = PrivateAttr(default="")
 
     @model_validator(mode="wrap")
     @classmethod
@@ -34,21 +55,38 @@ class MemoryScope(BaseModel):
             return data
         if not isinstance(data, dict):
             raise ValueError(f"Expected dict or MemoryScope, got {type(data).__name__}")
-        if "memory" not in data:
-            raise ValueError("MemoryScope requires a 'memory' key")
-        memory = data.pop("memory")
+        memory = data.pop("memory", None)
         instance: MemoryScope = handler(data)
-        instance._memory = memory
+        if memory is not None:
+            instance._memory = memory
         root = instance.root_path.rstrip("/") or ""
         if root and not root.startswith("/"):
             root = "/" + root
         instance._root = root
         return instance
 
+    def bind(self, memory: Memory) -> Self:
+        """Rebind the runtime ``Memory`` dependency after restore.
+
+        Required after deserializing from a checkpoint, since the live
+        ``Memory`` cannot be serialized.
+        """
+        self._memory = memory
+        return self
+
+    def _require_memory(self) -> Memory:
+        """Return the bound ``Memory`` or raise a clear error if missing."""
+        if self._memory is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "MemoryScope is not bound to a Memory; call .bind(memory) "
+                "after restore."
+            )
+        return self._memory
+
     @property
     def read_only(self) -> bool:
         """Whether the underlying memory is read-only."""
-        return self._memory.read_only
+        return self._require_memory().read_only
 
     def _scope_path(self, scope: str | None) -> str:
         if not scope or scope == "/":
@@ -73,7 +111,7 @@ class MemoryScope(BaseModel):
     ) -> MemoryRecord | None:
         """Remember content; scope is relative to this scope's root."""
         path = self._scope_path(scope)
-        return self._memory.remember(
+        return self._require_memory().remember(
             content,
             scope=path,
             categories=categories,
@@ -96,7 +134,7 @@ class MemoryScope(BaseModel):
     ) -> list[MemoryRecord]:
         """Remember multiple items; scope is relative to this scope's root."""
         path = self._scope_path(scope)
-        return self._memory.remember_many(
+        return self._require_memory().remember_many(
             contents,
             scope=path,
             categories=categories,
@@ -119,7 +157,7 @@ class MemoryScope(BaseModel):
     ) -> list[MemoryMatch]:
         """Recall within this scope (root path and below)."""
         search_scope = self._scope_path(scope) if scope else (self._root or "/")
-        return self._memory.recall(
+        return self._require_memory().recall(
             query,
             scope=search_scope,
             categories=categories,
@@ -131,7 +169,7 @@ class MemoryScope(BaseModel):
 
     def extract_memories(self, content: str) -> list[str]:
         """Extract discrete memories from content; delegates to underlying Memory."""
-        return self._memory.extract_memories(content)
+        return self._require_memory().extract_memories(content)
 
     def forget(
         self,
@@ -143,7 +181,7 @@ class MemoryScope(BaseModel):
     ) -> int:
         """Forget within this scope."""
         prefix = self._scope_path(scope) if scope else (self._root or "/")
-        return self._memory.forget(
+        return self._require_memory().forget(
             scope=prefix,
             categories=categories,
             older_than=older_than,
@@ -154,27 +192,27 @@ class MemoryScope(BaseModel):
     def list_scopes(self, path: str = "/") -> list[str]:
         """List child scopes under path (relative to this scope's root)."""
         full = self._scope_path(path)
-        return self._memory.list_scopes(full)
+        return self._require_memory().list_scopes(full)
 
     def info(self, path: str = "/") -> ScopeInfo:
         """Info for path under this scope."""
         full = self._scope_path(path)
-        return self._memory.info(full)
+        return self._require_memory().info(full)
 
     def tree(self, path: str = "/", max_depth: int = 3) -> str:
         """Tree under path within this scope."""
         full = self._scope_path(path)
-        return self._memory.tree(full, max_depth=max_depth)
+        return self._require_memory().tree(full, max_depth=max_depth)
 
     def list_categories(self, path: str | None = None) -> dict[str, int]:
         """Categories in this scope; path None means this scope root."""
         full = self._scope_path(path) if path else (self._root or "/")
-        return self._memory.list_categories(full)
+        return self._require_memory().list_categories(full)
 
     def reset(self, scope: str | None = None) -> None:
         """Reset within this scope."""
         prefix = self._scope_path(scope) if scope else (self._root or "/")
-        self._memory.reset(scope=prefix)
+        self._require_memory().reset(scope=prefix)
 
     def subscope(self, path: str) -> MemoryScope:
         """Return a narrower scope under this scope."""
@@ -191,11 +229,13 @@ class MemorySlice(BaseModel):
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
+    memory_kind: Literal["slice"] = "slice"
+
     scopes: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
     categories: list[str] | None = Field(default=None)
     read_only: bool = Field(default=True)
 
-    _memory: Memory = PrivateAttr()
+    _memory: Memory | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
 
     @model_validator(mode="wrap")
     @classmethod
@@ -205,14 +245,27 @@ class MemorySlice(BaseModel):
             return data
         if not isinstance(data, dict):
             raise ValueError(f"Expected dict or MemorySlice, got {type(data).__name__}")
-        if "memory" not in data:
-            raise ValueError("MemorySlice requires a 'memory' key")
-        memory = data.pop("memory")
+        memory = data.pop("memory", None)
         data["scopes"] = [s.rstrip("/") or "/" for s in data.get("scopes", [])]
         instance: MemorySlice = handler(data)
-        instance._memory = memory
+        if memory is not None:
+            instance._memory = memory
         return instance
 
+    def bind(self, memory: Memory) -> Self:
+        """Rebind the runtime ``Memory`` dependency after restore."""
+        self._memory = memory
+        return self
+
+    def _require_memory(self) -> Memory:
+        """Return the bound ``Memory`` or raise a clear error if missing."""
+        if self._memory is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "MemorySlice is not bound to a Memory; call .bind(memory) "
+                "after restore."
+            )
+        return self._memory
+
     def remember(
         self,
         content: str,
@@ -226,7 +279,7 @@ class MemorySlice(BaseModel):
         """Remember into an explicit scope. No-op when read_only=True."""
         if self.read_only:
             return None
-        return self._memory.remember(
+        return self._require_memory().remember(
             content,
             scope=scope,
             categories=categories,
@@ -250,7 +303,7 @@ class MemorySlice(BaseModel):
         cats = categories or self.categories
         all_matches: list[MemoryMatch] = []
         for sc in self.scopes:
-            matches = self._memory.recall(
+            matches = self._require_memory().recall(
                 query,
                 scope=sc,
                 categories=cats,
@@ -272,14 +325,14 @@ class MemorySlice(BaseModel):
 
     def extract_memories(self, content: str) -> list[str]:
         """Extract discrete memories from content; delegates to underlying Memory."""
-        return self._memory.extract_memories(content)
+        return self._require_memory().extract_memories(content)
 
     def list_scopes(self, path: str = "/") -> list[str]:
         """List scopes across all slice roots."""
         out: list[str] = []
         for sc in self.scopes:
             full = f"{sc.rstrip('/')}{path}" if sc != "/" else path
-            out.extend(self._memory.list_scopes(full))
+            out.extend(self._require_memory().list_scopes(full))
         return sorted(set(out))
 
     def info(self, path: str = "/") -> ScopeInfo:
@@ -291,7 +344,7 @@ class MemorySlice(BaseModel):
         children: list[str] = []
         for sc in self.scopes:
             full = f"{sc.rstrip('/')}{path}" if sc != "/" else path
-            inf = self._memory.info(full)
+            inf = self._require_memory().info(full)
             total_records += inf.record_count
             all_categories.update(inf.categories)
             if inf.oldest_record:
@@ -321,6 +374,6 @@ class MemorySlice(BaseModel):
         counts: dict[str, int] = {}
         for sc in self.scopes:
             full = (f"{sc.rstrip('/')}{path}" if sc != "/" else path) if path else sc
-            for k, v in self._memory.list_categories(full).items():
+            for k, v in self._require_memory().list_categories(full).items():
                 counts[k] = counts.get(k, 0) + v
         return counts

lib/crewai/src/crewai/memory/unified_memory.py

@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ class Memory(BaseModel):
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
+    memory_kind: Literal["memory"] = "memory"
+
     llm: Annotated[BaseLLM | str, PlainValidator(_passthrough)] = Field(
         default="gpt-4o-mini",
         description="LLM for analysis (model name or BaseLLM instance).",

lib/crewai/src/crewai/skills/__init__.py

@@ -3,15 +3,20 @@
 Provides filesystem-based skill packaging with progressive disclosure.
 """
 
+from crewai.skills.cache import SkillCacheManager
 from crewai.skills.loader import activate_skill, discover_skills
 from crewai.skills.models import Skill, SkillFrontmatter
 from crewai.skills.parser import SkillParseError
+from crewai.skills.registry import is_registry_ref, resolve_registry_ref
 
 
 __all__ = [
     "Skill",
+    "SkillCacheManager",
     "SkillFrontmatter",
     "SkillParseError",
     "activate_skill",
     "discover_skills",
+    "is_registry_ref",
+    "resolve_registry_ref",
 ]

lib/crewai/src/crewai/skills/cache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+"""Cache manager for registry-downloaded skills.
+
+Manages ~/.crewai/skills/{org}/{name}/ as the global skill cache.
+One version is stored per skill (last install wins).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+import json
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+import tarfile
+from typing import TypedDict
+import zipfile
+
+
+_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+_CACHE_ROOT = Path.home() / ".crewai" / "skills"
+_META_FILENAME = ".crewai_meta.json"
+
+
+class SkillMetadata(TypedDict):
+    org: str
+    name: str
+    version: str | None
+    installed_at: str
+
+
+class SkillCacheManager:
+    """Manages the global skill cache at ~/.crewai/skills/."""
+
+    def __init__(self, cache_root: Path | None = None) -> None:
+        self._root = cache_root or _CACHE_ROOT
+
+    def _skill_dir(self, org: str, name: str) -> Path:
+        return self._root / org / name
+
+    def get_cached_path(self, org: str, name: str) -> Path | None:
+        """Return the cached skill directory path if it exists, else None."""
+        skill_dir = self._skill_dir(org, name)
+        meta_file = skill_dir / _META_FILENAME
+        if skill_dir.is_dir() and meta_file.exists():
+            return skill_dir
+        return None
+
+    def store(
+        self, org: str, name: str, version: str | None, archive_bytes: bytes
+    ) -> Path:
+        """Unpack an archive into the cache and write metadata.
+
+        Uses tarfile with filter='data' for path-traversal protection.
+
+        Args:
+            org: Organisation slug.
+            name: Skill name.
+            version: Semantic version string, or None if unknown.
+            archive_bytes: Raw bytes of a .tar.gz archive.
+
+        Returns:
+            Path to the stored skill directory.
+        """
+        skill_dir = self._skill_dir(org, name)
+        # Wipe any previous version
+        if skill_dir.exists():
+            import shutil
+
+            shutil.rmtree(skill_dir)
+        skill_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        import io
+
+        # Try tar.gz first, fall back to zip
+        try:
+            with tarfile.open(fileobj=io.BytesIO(archive_bytes), mode="r:gz") as tf:
+                try:
+                    tf.extractall(skill_dir, filter="data")
+                except TypeError:
+                    _safe_extractall(tf, skill_dir)
+        except tarfile.TarError:
+            with zipfile.ZipFile(io.BytesIO(archive_bytes)) as zf:
+                _safe_extract_zip(zf, skill_dir)
+
+        meta: SkillMetadata = {
+            "org": org,
+            "name": name,
+            "version": version,
+            "installed_at": datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+        }
+        (skill_dir / _META_FILENAME).write_text(json.dumps(meta, indent=2))
+        return skill_dir
+
+    def list_cached(self) -> list[SkillMetadata]:
+        """Return metadata for every cached skill."""
+        results: list[SkillMetadata] = []
+        if not self._root.exists():
+            return results
+        for org_dir in sorted(self._root.iterdir()):
+            if not org_dir.is_dir():
+                continue
+            for skill_dir in sorted(org_dir.iterdir()):
+                meta_file = skill_dir / _META_FILENAME
+                if meta_file.exists():
+                    try:
+                        results.append(json.loads(meta_file.read_text()))
+                    except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError):
+                        _logger.debug(
+                            "Skipping malformed cache entry: %s",
+                            meta_file,
+                            exc_info=True,
+                        )
+        return results
+
+    def invalidate(self, org: str, name: str) -> bool:
+        """Remove a cached skill.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if the cache entry existed and was removed, False otherwise.
+        """
+        skill_dir = self._skill_dir(org, name)
+        if skill_dir.exists():
+            import shutil
+
+            shutil.rmtree(skill_dir)
+            return True
+        return False
+
+
+def _safe_extractall(tf: tarfile.TarFile, dest: Path) -> None:
+    """Path-traversal-safe extraction for Python < 3.12."""
+    dest_resolved = dest.resolve()
+    for member in tf.getmembers():
+        member_path = (dest / member.name).resolve()
+        if not member_path.is_relative_to(dest_resolved):
+            raise ValueError(f"Blocked path traversal attempt: {member.name!r}")
+    tf.extractall(dest)  # noqa: S202
+
+
+def _safe_extract_zip(zf: zipfile.ZipFile, dest: Path) -> None:
+    """Path-traversal-safe ZIP extraction."""
+    dest_resolved = dest.resolve()
+    for member in zf.namelist():
+        member_path = (dest / member).resolve()
+        if not member_path.is_relative_to(dest_resolved):
+            raise ValueError(f"Blocked path traversal attempt: {member!r}")
+    zf.extractall(dest)  # noqa: S202

lib/crewai/src/crewai/skills/models.py

@@ -78,6 +78,10 @@ class SkillFrontmatter(BaseModel):
         alias="allowed-tools",
         description="Pre-approved tool names the skill may use, parsed from a space-delimited string in frontmatter.",
     )
+    version: str | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Semantic version of the skill, e.g. '1.0.0'. Optional for local skills.",
+    )
 
     @model_validator(mode="before")
     @classmethod

lib/crewai/src/crewai/skills/registry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+"""Registry reference resolution for the Agent Skills standard.
+
+Handles @org/skill-name references, local-first resolution, and downloads
+via the CrewAI+ API with a global cache at ~/.crewai/skills/.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+from typing import Any
+
+from crewai.skills.cache import SkillCacheManager
+
+
+_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SkillNotCachedError(Exception):
+    """Raised when a registry skill is not cached and the environment is non-interactive."""
+
+    def __init__(self, ref: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            f"Skill {ref!r} is not cached locally. "
+            f"Run `crewai skill install {ref}` to install it first."
+        )
+        self.ref = ref
+
+
+def is_registry_ref(value: Any) -> bool:
+    """Return True if *value* looks like a registry reference (@org/name)."""
+    return isinstance(value, str) and value.startswith("@")
+
+
+def parse_registry_ref(ref: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    """Parse '@org/skill-name' into (org, name).
+
+    Args:
+        ref: A registry reference, e.g. '@acme/my-skill'.
+
+    Returns:
+        A (org, name) tuple.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the reference format is invalid.
+    """
+    if not ref.startswith("@"):
+        raise ValueError(f"Registry reference must start with '@', got: {ref!r}")
+    without_at = ref[1:]
+    if without_at.count("/") != 1:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Registry reference must be in '@org/name' format, got: {ref!r}"
+        )
+    org, name = without_at.split("/", 1)
+    if (
+        not org
+        or not name
+        or org.startswith(".")
+        or name.startswith(".")
+        or "/" in org
+        or "/" in name
+    ):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Registry reference org and name must be single, non-empty path "
+            f"segments (no '..' or leading dots), got: {ref!r}"
+        )
+    return org, name
+
+
+def _is_noninteractive() -> bool:
+    """Return True in CI or explicitly non-interactive environments."""
+    import os
+
+    return (
+        os.environ.get("CI") == "1"
+        or os.environ.get("CREWAI_NONINTERACTIVE") == "1"
+        or not sys.stdin.isatty()
+    )
+
+
+def resolve_registry_ref(
+    ref: str,
+    source: Any = None,
+) -> Skill:  # type: ignore[name-defined]  # noqa: F821
+    """Resolve a registry reference to a Skill object.
+
+    Resolution order:
+    1. ./skills/{name}/ in the current working directory (project-local)
+    2. ~/.crewai/skills/{org}/{name}/ (global cache)
+    3. Download from registry (interactive only; raises SkillNotCachedError in CI)
+
+    Args:
+        ref: A registry reference, e.g. '@acme/my-skill'.
+        source: Optional source object passed through to skill loaders (for events).
+
+    Returns:
+        A Skill loaded at INSTRUCTIONS disclosure level.
+
+    Raises:
+        SkillNotCachedError: When not cached and running in non-interactive mode.
+    """
+    from crewai.skills.loader import activate_skill
+    from crewai.skills.parser import load_skill_metadata
+
+    org, name = parse_registry_ref(ref)
+
+    # 1. Project-local: ./skills/{name}/
+    local_path = Path.cwd() / "skills" / name
+    if local_path.is_dir() and (local_path / "SKILL.md").exists():
+        try:
+            skill = load_skill_metadata(local_path)
+            return activate_skill(skill, source=source)
+        except Exception:
+            _logger.debug("Failed to load local skill at %s", local_path, exc_info=True)
+
+    # 2. Global cache
+    cache = SkillCacheManager()
+    cached_path = cache.get_cached_path(org, name)
+    if cached_path is not None and (cached_path / "SKILL.md").exists():
+        try:
+            skill = load_skill_metadata(cached_path)
+            return activate_skill(skill, source=source)
+        except Exception:
+            _logger.debug(
+                "Failed to load cached skill at %s", cached_path, exc_info=True
+            )
+
+    # 3. Download
+    if _is_noninteractive():
+        raise SkillNotCachedError(ref)
+
+    return download_skill(org, name, source=source)
+
+
+def download_skill(
+    org: str,
+    name: str,
+    source: Any = None,
+) -> Skill:  # type: ignore[name-defined]  # noqa: F821
+    """Download a skill from the registry and store it in the cache.
+
+    Args:
+        org: Organisation slug.
+        name: Skill name.
+        source: Optional source for event emission.
+
+    Returns:
+        The downloaded Skill at INSTRUCTIONS level.
+    """
+    from crewai.skills.loader import activate_skill
+    from crewai.skills.parser import load_skill_metadata
+
+    ref = f"@{org}/{name}"
+
+    try:
+        from crewai.events.event_bus import crewai_event_bus
+        from crewai.events.types.skill_events import (
+            SkillDownloadCompletedEvent,
+            SkillDownloadStartedEvent,
+        )
+
+        _has_events = True
+    except ImportError:
+        _has_events = False
+
+    if _has_events:
+        crewai_event_bus.emit(
+            source,
+            event=SkillDownloadStartedEvent(
+                registry_ref=ref,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    try:
+        from crewai_core.plus_api import PlusAPI
+
+        api = PlusAPI()
+        response = api.get_skill(org, name)
+        response.raise_for_status()
+        data = response.json()
+    except Exception as exc:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"Failed to download skill {ref!r} from registry: {exc}"
+        ) from exc
+
+    import base64
+
+    import httpx
+
+    version = data.get("latest_version") or data.get("version")
+
+    download_url = data.get("download_url")
+    if download_url:
+        dl_response = httpx.get(download_url, follow_redirects=True)
+        dl_response.raise_for_status()
+        archive_bytes = dl_response.content
+    else:
+        encoded = data.get("file", "")
+        # Strip data URI prefix if present
+        if "," in encoded:
+            encoded = encoded.split(",", 1)[1]
+        archive_bytes = base64.b64decode(encoded)
+
+    cache = SkillCacheManager()
+    skill_dir = cache.store(org, name, version, archive_bytes)
+
+    if _has_events:
+        crewai_event_bus.emit(
+            source,
+            event=SkillDownloadCompletedEvent(
+                registry_ref=ref,
+                version=version,
+                cache_path=skill_dir,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    if not (skill_dir / "SKILL.md").exists():
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"Skill archive for {ref!r} downloaded but no SKILL.md found in {skill_dir}"
+        )
+    skill = load_skill_metadata(skill_dir)
+    return activate_skill(skill, source=source)

lib/crewai/src/crewai/state/runtime.py

@@ -113,12 +113,68 @@ def _migrate(data: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
         )
 
     # --- migrations in version order ---
-    # if stored < Version("X.Y.Z"):
-    #     data.setdefault("some_field", "default")
+    if stored < Version("1.14.6"):
+        for entity in data.get("entities") or []:
+            _backfill_discriminators(entity)
 
     return data
 
 
+def _backfill_memory_kind(value: Any) -> None:
+    """Infer ``memory_kind`` from structural fields on legacy memory dicts."""
+    if not isinstance(value, dict) or "memory_kind" in value:
+        return
+    if "scopes" in value:
+        value["memory_kind"] = "slice"
+    elif "root_path" in value:
+        value["memory_kind"] = "scope"
+    else:
+        value["memory_kind"] = "memory"
+
+
+def _backfill_source_type(source: Any) -> None:
+    """Infer ``source_type`` for legacy knowledge source dicts when possible.
+
+    Only StringKnowledgeSource is reliably inferrable: it stores ``content``
+    as a plain string. File-based sources (CSV/PDF/Excel/JSON/docling) also
+    have a ``content`` field but populate it with dicts/lists, so we leave
+    those untagged and let downstream validation surface a clear error.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(source, dict) or "source_type" in source:
+        return
+    if isinstance(source.get("content"), str):
+        source["source_type"] = "string"
+        return
+    raise ValueError(
+        "Legacy knowledge source is missing 'source_type' and could not be "
+        "inferred during migration. Re-checkpoint after upgrading to 1.14.6+."
+    )
+
+
+def _backfill_sources_on(container: Any) -> None:
+    """Apply source_type backfill to ``sources`` and ``knowledge_sources`` lists."""
+    if not isinstance(container, dict):
+        return
+    for key in ("sources", "knowledge_sources"):
+        for src in container.get(key) or []:
+            _backfill_source_type(src)
+
+
+def _backfill_discriminators(entity: Any) -> None:
+    """Walk an entity dict and backfill discriminator fields added in 1.14.6."""
+    if not isinstance(entity, dict):
+        return
+    _backfill_memory_kind(entity.get("memory"))
+    _backfill_sources_on(entity)
+    _backfill_sources_on(entity.get("knowledge"))
+    for agent in entity.get("agents") or []:
+        if not isinstance(agent, dict):
+            continue
+        _backfill_memory_kind(agent.get("memory"))
+        _backfill_sources_on(agent)
+        _backfill_sources_on(agent.get("knowledge"))
+
+
 class RuntimeState(RootModel):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
     root: list[Entity]
     _provider: BaseProvider = PrivateAttr(default_factory=JsonProvider)

lib/crewai/src/crewai/types/callback.py

@@ -19,6 +19,15 @@ from pydantic import BeforeValidator, WithJsonSchema
 from pydantic.functional_serializers import PlainSerializer
 
 
+_TRUSTED_DESERIALIZE_VALUES = frozenset({"1", "true", "yes"})
+
+
+def _trusted_deserialize() -> bool:
+    """Return True only if ``CREWAI_DESERIALIZE_CALLBACKS`` is an explicit yes."""
+    raw = os.environ.get("CREWAI_DESERIALIZE_CALLBACKS", "")
+    return raw.strip().lower() in _TRUSTED_DESERIALIZE_VALUES
+
+
 def _is_non_roundtrippable(fn: object) -> bool:
     """Return ``True`` if *fn* cannot survive a serialize/deserialize round-trip.
 
@@ -76,7 +85,7 @@ def string_to_callable(value: Any) -> Callable[..., Any]:
         raise ValueError(
             f"Invalid callback path {value!r}: expected 'module.name' format"
         )
-    if not os.environ.get("CREWAI_DESERIALIZE_CALLBACKS"):
+    if not _trusted_deserialize():
         raise ValueError(
             f"Refusing to resolve callback path {value!r}: "
             "set CREWAI_DESERIALIZE_CALLBACKS=1 to allow. "
@@ -150,3 +159,78 @@ SerializableCallable = Annotated[
     PlainSerializer(callable_to_string, return_type=str, when_used="json"),
     WithJsonSchema({"type": "string"}),
 ]
+
+
+def _instance_to_dotted_path(value: Any) -> str:
+    """Serialize an instance to a dotted path naming its class."""
+    if inspect.isclass(value):
+        module = getattr(value, "__module__", "<unknown>")
+        qualname = getattr(
+            value, "__qualname__", getattr(value, "__name__", str(type(value)))
+        )
+        raise ValueError(f"Expected an instance, got class {module}.{qualname}.")
+    cls = type(value)
+    if cls.__module__ == "builtins":
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Cannot serialize {value!r}: builtin values are not "
+            "checkpointable instances."
+        )
+    module = getattr(cls, "__module__", None)
+    qualname = getattr(cls, "__qualname__", None)
+    if module is None or qualname is None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Cannot serialize {value!r}: class missing __module__ or __qualname__. "
+            "Use a module-level class for checkpointable instances."
+        )
+    if qualname.endswith("<lambda>") or "<locals>" in qualname:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Cannot serialize {value!r}: class defined in <locals>. "
+            "Use a module-level class for checkpointable instances."
+        )
+    return f"{module}.{qualname}"
+
+
+def _dotted_path_to_instance(value: Any) -> Any:
+    """Resolve a dotted path to a class and instantiate it with no args.
+
+    If *value* is already a non-string object it is returned as-is.
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return value
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        if inspect.isclass(value):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Expected an instance or dotted path string, got class "
+                f"{getattr(value, '__module__', '<unknown>')}."
+                f"{getattr(value, '__qualname__', getattr(value, '__name__', ''))}."
+            )
+        if type(value).__module__ == "builtins":
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Expected an instance of a user-defined class or dotted "
+                f"path string, got builtin value {value!r}."
+            )
+        return value
+    if "." not in value:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Invalid provider path {value!r}: expected 'module.name' format"
+        )
+    if not _trusted_deserialize():
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Refusing to resolve provider path {value!r}: "
+            "set CREWAI_DESERIALIZE_CALLBACKS=1 to allow. "
+            "Only enable this for trusted checkpoint data."
+        )
+    cls = _resolve_dotted_path(value)
+    if not inspect.isclass(cls):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Invalid provider path {value!r}: expected a class, got "
+            f"{type(cls).__name__}"
+        )
+    try:
+        return cls()
+    except TypeError as exc:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Cannot reinstantiate {value!r} with no arguments: {exc}. "
+            "Only no-arg constructors are checkpointable; rebuild the "
+            "instance manually and assign it after restore."
+        ) from exc

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/project_utils.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import sys
 import types
 from typing import Any, cast, get_type_hints
 
+from crewai_core.plus_api import AvailableExport, EnvVarEntry, ToolMetadata
 from crewai_core.project import (
     get_project_description as get_project_description,
     get_project_name as get_project_name,
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ def is_valid_tool(obj: Any) -> bool:
     return isinstance(obj, Tool)
 
 
-def extract_available_exports(dir_path: str = "src") -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+def extract_available_exports(dir_path: str = "src") -> list[AvailableExport]:
     """Extract available tool classes from the project's __init__.py files.
 
     Only includes classes that inherit from BaseTool or functions decorated with @tool.
@@ -338,7 +339,7 @@ def _load_module_from_file(
         sys.modules.pop(module_name, None)
 
 
-def _load_tools_from_init(init_file: Path) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+def _load_tools_from_init(init_file: Path) -> list[AvailableExport]:
     """Load and validate tools from a given __init__.py file."""
     try:
         with _load_module_from_file(init_file) as module:
@@ -392,7 +393,7 @@ def _print_no_tools_warning() -> None:
     )
 
 
-def extract_tools_metadata(dir_path: str = "src") -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+def extract_tools_metadata(dir_path: str = "src") -> list[ToolMetadata]:
     """
     Extract rich metadata from tool classes in the project.
 
@@ -404,7 +405,7 @@ def extract_tools_metadata(dir_path: str = "src") -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     - init_params_schema: JSON Schema for __init__ params (filtered)
     - env_vars: List of environment variable dicts
     """
-    tools_metadata: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    tools_metadata: list[ToolMetadata] = []
 
     for init_file in Path(dir_path).glob("**/__init__.py"):
         tools = _extract_tool_metadata_from_init(init_file)
@@ -413,7 +414,7 @@ def extract_tools_metadata(dir_path: str = "src") -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     return tools_metadata
 
 
-def _extract_tool_metadata_from_init(init_file: Path) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+def _extract_tool_metadata_from_init(init_file: Path) -> list[ToolMetadata]:
     """
     Load module from init file and extract metadata from valid tool classes.
     """
@@ -428,7 +429,7 @@ def _extract_tool_metadata_from_init(init_file: Path) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
             if not exported_names:
                 return []
 
-            tools_metadata = []
+            tools_metadata: list[ToolMetadata] = []
             for name in exported_names:
                 obj = getattr(module, name, None)
                 if obj is None or not (
@@ -446,7 +447,7 @@ def _extract_tool_metadata_from_init(init_file: Path) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         return []
 
 
-def _extract_single_tool_metadata(tool_class: type) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+def _extract_single_tool_metadata(tool_class: type) -> ToolMetadata | None:
     """
     Extract metadata from a single tool class.
     """
@@ -470,19 +471,17 @@ def _extract_single_tool_metadata(tool_class: type) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         except (TypeError, ValueError):
             module = tool_class.__module__
 
-        return {
-            "name": tool_class.__name__,
-            "module": module,
-            "humanized_name": _extract_field_default(
-                fields.get("name"), fallback=tool_class.__name__
+        return ToolMetadata(
+            name=tool_class.__name__,
+            module=module,
+            humanized_name=str(
+                _extract_field_default(fields.get("name"), fallback=tool_class.__name__)
             ),
-            "description": str(
-                _extract_field_default(fields.get("description"))
-            ).strip(),
-            "run_params_schema": _extract_run_params_schema(fields.get("args_schema")),
-            "init_params_schema": _extract_init_params_schema(tool_class),
-            "env_vars": _extract_env_vars(fields.get("env_vars")),
-        }
+            description=str(_extract_field_default(fields.get("description"))).strip(),
+            run_params_schema=_extract_run_params_schema(fields.get("args_schema")),
+            init_params_schema=_extract_init_params_schema(tool_class),
+            env_vars=_extract_env_vars(fields.get("env_vars")),
+        )
 
     except Exception:
         return None
@@ -597,7 +596,7 @@ def _extract_init_params_schema(tool_class: type) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {}
 
 
-def _extract_env_vars(env_vars_field: dict[str, Any] | None) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+def _extract_env_vars(env_vars_field: dict[str, Any] | None) -> list[EnvVarEntry]:
     """
     Extract environment variable definitions from env_vars field.
     """

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/reset_memories.py

@@ -25,10 +25,16 @@ def _reset_flow_memory(flow: Flow[Any]) -> None:
     try:
         if hasattr(mem, "reset"):
             mem.reset()
-        elif hasattr(mem, "_memory") and hasattr(mem._memory, "reset"):
+        elif hasattr(mem, "_memory") and mem._memory is not None:
             mem._memory.reset()
-    except (FileNotFoundError, OSError):
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        # Storage directory was never created — nothing to reset.
         pass
+    except OSError as exc:
+        click.echo(f"Memory reset skipped: storage I/O error ({exc}).", err=True)
+    except RuntimeError as exc:
+        # Restored MemoryScope/MemorySlice without a rebound Memory.
+        click.echo(f"Memory reset skipped: {exc}", err=True)
 
 
 def reset_memories_command(

lib/crewai/tests/skills/test_cache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""Tests for SkillCacheManager."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import gzip
+import io
+import json
+import tarfile
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from crewai.skills.cache import SkillCacheManager
+
+
+def _make_tar_gz(files: dict[str, str]) -> bytes:
+    """Build an in-memory .tar.gz containing the given filename → content mapping."""
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf, mode="wb") as gz:
+        gz_buf = io.BytesIO()
+        with tarfile.open(fileobj=gz_buf, mode="w") as tf:
+            for name, content in files.items():
+                data = content.encode()
+                info = tarfile.TarInfo(name=name)
+                info.size = len(data)
+                tf.addfile(info, io.BytesIO(data))
+        gz.write(gz_buf.getvalue())
+    buf.seek(0)
+    # Re-create properly: gzip wrapping a tar stream
+    out = io.BytesIO()
+    with tarfile.open(fileobj=out, mode="w:gz") as tf:
+        for name, content in files.items():
+            data = content.encode()
+            info = tarfile.TarInfo(name=name)
+            info.size = len(data)
+            tf.addfile(info, io.BytesIO(data))
+    return out.getvalue()
+
+
+class TestSkillCacheManager:
+    def test_get_cached_path_missing(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        cache = SkillCacheManager(cache_root=tmp_path)
+        assert cache.get_cached_path("acme", "my-skill") is None
+
+    def test_store_and_retrieve(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        cache = SkillCacheManager(cache_root=tmp_path)
+        archive = _make_tar_gz({"SKILL.md": "---\nname: my-skill\n---\nHello"})
+        dest = cache.store("acme", "my-skill", "1.0.0", archive)
+
+        assert dest.is_dir()
+        assert (dest / "SKILL.md").exists()
+
+        retrieved = cache.get_cached_path("acme", "my-skill")
+        assert retrieved == dest
+
+    def test_store_writes_metadata(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        cache = SkillCacheManager(cache_root=tmp_path)
+        archive = _make_tar_gz({"SKILL.md": "content"})
+        dest = cache.store("acme", "my-skill", "2.3.4", archive)
+
+        meta_file = dest / ".crewai_meta.json"
+        assert meta_file.exists()
+        meta = json.loads(meta_file.read_text())
+        assert meta["org"] == "acme"
+        assert meta["name"] == "my-skill"
+        assert meta["version"] == "2.3.4"
+        assert "installed_at" in meta
+
+    def test_store_overwrites_previous_version(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        cache = SkillCacheManager(cache_root=tmp_path)
+        archive_v1 = _make_tar_gz({"SKILL.md": "v1", "extra.txt": "old"})
+        cache.store("acme", "my-skill", "1.0.0", archive_v1)
+
+        archive_v2 = _make_tar_gz({"SKILL.md": "v2"})
+        dest = cache.store("acme", "my-skill", "2.0.0", archive_v2)
+
+        # Old file should be gone
+        assert not (dest / "extra.txt").exists()
+        assert (dest / "SKILL.md").read_text() == "v2"
+
+        meta = json.loads((dest / ".crewai_meta.json").read_text())
+        assert meta["version"] == "2.0.0"
+
+    def test_list_cached_empty(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        cache = SkillCacheManager(cache_root=tmp_path)
+        assert cache.list_cached() == []
+
+    def test_list_cached(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        cache = SkillCacheManager(cache_root=tmp_path)
+        archive = _make_tar_gz({"SKILL.md": "x"})
+        cache.store("acme", "skill-a", "1.0.0", archive)
+        cache.store("acme", "skill-b", "0.1.0", archive)
+        cache.store("other-org", "skill-c", None, archive)
+
+        entries = cache.list_cached()
+        names = {e["name"] for e in entries}
+        assert names == {"skill-a", "skill-b", "skill-c"}
+
+    def test_invalidate_existing(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        cache = SkillCacheManager(cache_root=tmp_path)
+        archive = _make_tar_gz({"SKILL.md": "x"})
+        cache.store("acme", "my-skill", "1.0.0", archive)
+
+        removed = cache.invalidate("acme", "my-skill")
+        assert removed is True
+        assert cache.get_cached_path("acme", "my-skill") is None
+
+    def test_invalidate_missing(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        cache = SkillCacheManager(cache_root=tmp_path)
+        removed = cache.invalidate("acme", "ghost-skill")
+        assert removed is False
+
+    def test_store_version_none(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        cache = SkillCacheManager(cache_root=tmp_path)
+        archive = _make_tar_gz({"SKILL.md": "x"})
+        dest = cache.store("acme", "my-skill", None, archive)
+        meta = json.loads((dest / ".crewai_meta.json").read_text())
+        assert meta["version"] is None

lib/crewai/tests/skills/test_models_version.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""Tests for the version field added to SkillFrontmatter."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+from pydantic import ValidationError
+
+from crewai.skills.models import SkillFrontmatter
+
+
+class TestSkillFrontmatterVersion:
+    def test_version_defaults_to_none(self) -> None:
+        fm = SkillFrontmatter(name="my-skill", description="A skill.")
+        assert fm.version is None
+
+    def test_version_can_be_set(self) -> None:
+        fm = SkillFrontmatter(name="my-skill", description="A skill.", version="1.2.3")
+        assert fm.version == "1.2.3"
+
+    def test_existing_frontmatter_without_version_still_valid(self) -> None:
+        """Backward compat: existing SKILL.md files without version must still parse."""
+        fm = SkillFrontmatter(name="old-skill", description="Old skill without version.")
+        assert fm.version is None
+
+    def test_version_is_optional_string(self) -> None:
+        fm = SkillFrontmatter(name="my-skill", description="Desc.", version=None)
+        assert fm.version is None
+
+    def test_frontmatter_is_frozen(self) -> None:
+        fm = SkillFrontmatter(name="my-skill", description="A skill.", version="1.0.0")
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            fm.version = "2.0.0"  # type: ignore[misc]

lib/crewai/tests/skills/test_registry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+"""Tests for SkillRegistry."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from crewai.skills.registry import (
+    SkillNotCachedError,
+    is_registry_ref,
+    parse_registry_ref,
+)
+
+
+class TestIsRegistryRef:
+    def test_at_prefixed(self) -> None:
+        assert is_registry_ref("@acme/my-skill") is True
+
+    def test_plain_string(self) -> None:
+        assert is_registry_ref("my-skill") is False
+
+    def test_path_like_string(self) -> None:
+        assert is_registry_ref("./skills/my-skill") is False
+
+    def test_non_string(self) -> None:
+        assert is_registry_ref(None) is False
+        assert is_registry_ref(42) is False
+        assert is_registry_ref(Path("something")) is False
+
+
+class TestParseRegistryRef:
+    def test_valid(self) -> None:
+        assert parse_registry_ref("@acme/my-skill") == ("acme", "my-skill")
+
+    def test_valid_with_dashes(self) -> None:
+        assert parse_registry_ref("@my-org/cool-skill") == ("my-org", "cool-skill")
+
+    def test_missing_at(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must start with '@'"):
+            parse_registry_ref("acme/my-skill")
+
+    def test_missing_slash(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="'@org/name' format"):
+            parse_registry_ref("@acme-skill")
+
+    def test_empty_org(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-empty"):
+            parse_registry_ref("@/my-skill")
+
+    def test_empty_name(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-empty"):
+            parse_registry_ref("@acme/")
+
+
+class TestResolveRegistryRef:
+    """Test resolution order and CI mode behaviour."""
+
+    def _make_skill_dir(self, base: Path, name: str) -> Path:
+        """Write a minimal SKILL.md into base/name/."""
+        skill_dir = base / name
+        skill_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+        (skill_dir / "SKILL.md").write_text(
+            f"---\nname: {name}\ndescription: Test skill.\n---\n\nInstructions."
+        )
+        return skill_dir
+
+    def test_resolves_project_local(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Local ./skills/{name}/ takes priority over cache."""
+        skills_dir = tmp_path / "skills"
+        skills_dir.mkdir()
+        self._make_skill_dir(skills_dir, "my-skill")
+
+        # Mock SkillCacheManager to return None (not cached) so only local is hit
+        mock_cache = MagicMock()
+        mock_cache.get_cached_path.return_value = None
+
+        with (
+            patch("crewai.skills.registry._is_noninteractive", return_value=False),
+            patch.object(Path, "cwd", return_value=tmp_path),
+            patch("crewai.skills.registry.SkillCacheManager", return_value=mock_cache),
+        ):
+            from crewai.skills.registry import resolve_registry_ref
+            skill = resolve_registry_ref("@acme/my-skill")
+
+        assert skill.name == "my-skill"
+
+    def test_raises_in_ci_when_not_cached(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """In CI mode, raise SkillNotCachedError if no local or cached copy."""
+        mock_cache = MagicMock()
+        mock_cache.get_cached_path.return_value = None
+
+        with (
+            patch("crewai.skills.registry._is_noninteractive", return_value=True),
+            patch.object(Path, "cwd", return_value=tmp_path),
+            patch("crewai.skills.registry.SkillCacheManager", return_value=mock_cache),
+        ):
+            from crewai.skills.registry import resolve_registry_ref
+            with pytest.raises(SkillNotCachedError) as exc_info:
+                resolve_registry_ref("@acme/ghost-skill")
+            assert "@acme/ghost-skill" in str(exc_info.value)
+
+    def test_resolves_from_cache(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Falls back to global cache when no project-local skill exists."""
+        cache_dir = tmp_path / "acme" / "cached-skill"
+        cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+        (cache_dir / "SKILL.md").write_text(
+            "---\nname: cached-skill\ndescription: Cached.\n---\n\nCached instructions."
+        )
+
+        mock_cache = MagicMock()
+        mock_cache.get_cached_path.return_value = cache_dir
+
+        # tmp_path has no ./skills/ directory
+        with (
+            patch("crewai.skills.registry._is_noninteractive", return_value=False),
+            patch.object(Path, "cwd", return_value=tmp_path),
+            patch("crewai.skills.registry.SkillCacheManager", return_value=mock_cache),
+        ):
+            from crewai.skills.registry import resolve_registry_ref
+            skill = resolve_registry_ref("@acme/cached-skill")
+
+        assert skill.name == "cached-skill"
+
+    def test_skill_not_cached_error_contains_ref(self) -> None:
+        err = SkillNotCachedError("@foo/bar")
+        assert "@foo/bar" in str(err)
+        assert err.ref == "@foo/bar"

lib/crewai/tests/test_flow_ask.py

@@ -7,20 +7,87 @@ durability, input history tracking, and integration with flow machinery.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import copy
 import time
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
 from crewai.flow import Flow, flow_config, listen, start
 from crewai.flow.async_feedback.providers import ConsoleProvider
 from crewai.flow.flow import FlowState
 from crewai.flow.input_provider import InputProvider, InputResponse
+from crewai.flow.persistence.base import FlowPersistence
 
 
 # ── Test helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 
+class _SaveCall:
+    """Lightweight stand-in for ``MagicMock.call_args`` entries."""
+
+    __slots__ = ("args", "kwargs")
+
+    def __init__(self, args: tuple[Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+
+class _SaveStateRecorder:
+    """Callable that records each ``save_state`` invocation."""
+
+    def __init__(self, owner: RecordingPersistence) -> None:
+        self._owner = owner
+        self.call_args_list: list[_SaveCall] = []
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        flow_uuid: str,
+        method_name: str,
+        state_data: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel,
+    ) -> None:
+        snapshot: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel
+        if isinstance(state_data, BaseModel):
+            snapshot = state_data.model_copy(deep=True)
+        else:
+            snapshot = copy.deepcopy(state_data)
+        self.call_args_list.append(
+            _SaveCall((flow_uuid, method_name, snapshot), {})
+        )
+        self._owner._states[flow_uuid] = snapshot
+
+
+class RecordingPersistence(FlowPersistence):
+    """In-memory FlowPersistence that records ``save_state`` invocations."""
+
+    persistence_type: str = "RecordingPersistence"
+
+    def model_post_init(self, _: Any) -> None:
+        object.__setattr__(self, "_states", {})
+        object.__setattr__(self, "save_state", _SaveStateRecorder(self))
+
+    def init_db(self) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    def save_state(  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+        self,
+        flow_uuid: str,
+        method_name: str,
+        state_data: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel,
+    ) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    def load_state(self, flow_uuid: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        snapshot = self._states.get(flow_uuid)
+        if snapshot is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(snapshot, BaseModel):
+            return snapshot.model_copy(deep=True).model_dump()
+        return copy.deepcopy(snapshot)
+
+
 class MockInputProvider:
     """Mock input provider that returns pre-configured responses."""
 
@@ -436,8 +503,7 @@ class TestAskCheckpoint:
 
     def test_ask_checkpoints_state_before_waiting(self) -> None:
         """State is saved to persistence before waiting for input."""
-        mock_persistence = MagicMock()
-        mock_persistence.load_state.return_value = None
+        mock_persistence = RecordingPersistence()
 
         class TestFlow(Flow):
             input_provider = MockInputProvider(["answer"])
@@ -480,8 +546,7 @@ class TestAskCheckpoint:
         server crashes while waiting for input, previously gathered data
         is safe.
         """
-        mock_persistence = MagicMock()
-        mock_persistence.load_state.return_value = None
+        mock_persistence = RecordingPersistence()
 
         class GatherFlow(Flow):
             input_provider = MockInputProvider(["AI", "detailed"])
@@ -678,8 +743,7 @@ class TestAskIntegration:
 
     def test_ask_with_state_persistence_recovery(self) -> None:
         """Ask checkpoints state so previously gathered values survive."""
-        mock_persistence = MagicMock()
-        mock_persistence.load_state.return_value = None
+        mock_persistence = RecordingPersistence()
 
         class RecoverableFlow(Flow):
             input_provider = MockInputProvider(["AI", "detailed"])

lib/crewai/tests/test_llm.py

@@ -624,12 +624,15 @@ def test_handle_streaming_tool_calls_no_available_functions(
         ],
         tools=[get_weather_tool_schema],
     )
-    assert response == ""
+    assert isinstance(response, list)
+    assert len(response) == 1
+    assert response[0].function.name == "get_weather"
+    assert response[0].function.arguments == '{"location":"New York, NY"}'
 
     assert_event_count(
         mock_emit=mock_emit,
         expected_stream_chunk=9,
-        expected_completed_llm_call=1,
+        expected_completed_llm_call=0,
         expected_final_chunk_result='{"location":"New York, NY"}',
     )
 

lib/devtools/src/crewai_devtools/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 """CrewAI development tools."""
 
-__version__ = "1.14.5a5"
+__version__ = "1.14.6a1"

lib/devtools/src/crewai_devtools/cli.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from collections.abc import Mapping
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
@@ -355,8 +356,19 @@ def update_pyproject_dependencies(
 
     workspace_packages = _DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_PACKAGES + (extra_packages or [])
 
+    current_extra: str | None = None
+    extra_header = re.compile(r"^\s*([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)\s*=\s*\[")
+
     for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+        match = extra_header.match(line)
+        if match:
+            current_extra = match.group(1)
+        elif line.strip().startswith("]"):
+            current_extra = None
+
         for pkg in workspace_packages:
+            if pkg == "crewai-files" and current_extra == "file-processing":
+                continue
             if f"{pkg}==" in line:
                 stripped = line.lstrip()
                 indent = line[: len(line) - len(stripped)]
@@ -732,18 +744,23 @@ def _is_prerelease(version: str) -> bool:
     return any(indicator in v for indicator in _PRERELEASE_INDICATORS)
 
 
-def get_commits_from_last_tag(tag_name: str, version: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+def get_commits_from_last_tag(
+    tag_name: str, version: str, cwd: Path | None = None
+) -> tuple[str, str]:
     """Get commits from the last tag, excluding current version.
 
     Args:
         tag_name: Current tag name (e.g., "v1.0.0").
         version: Current version (e.g., "1.0.0").
+        cwd: Directory to run git commands in (defaults to current).
 
     Returns:
         Tuple of (commit_range, commits) where commits is newline-separated.
     """
     try:
-        all_tags = run_command(["git", "tag", "--sort=-version:refname"]).split("\n")
+        all_tags = run_command(
+            ["git", "tag", "--sort=-version:refname"], cwd=cwd
+        ).split("\n")
         prev_tags = [t for t in all_tags if t and t != tag_name and t != f"v{version}"]
 
         if not _is_prerelease(version):
@@ -752,22 +769,30 @@ def get_commits_from_last_tag(tag_name: str, version: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
         if prev_tags:
             last_tag = prev_tags[0]
             commit_range = f"{last_tag}..HEAD"
-            commits = run_command(["git", "log", commit_range, "--pretty=format:%s"])
+            commits = run_command(
+                ["git", "log", commit_range, "--pretty=format:%s"], cwd=cwd
+            )
         else:
             commit_range = "HEAD"
-            commits = run_command(["git", "log", "--pretty=format:%s"])
+            commits = run_command(["git", "log", "--pretty=format:%s"], cwd=cwd)
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
         commit_range = "HEAD"
-        commits = run_command(["git", "log", "--pretty=format:%s"])
+        commits = run_command(["git", "log", "--pretty=format:%s"], cwd=cwd)
 
     return commit_range, commits
 
 
-def get_github_contributors(commit_range: str) -> list[str]:
+def get_github_contributors(
+    commit_range: str,
+    repo: str = "crewAIInc/crewAI",
+    cwd: Path | None = None,
+) -> list[str]:
     """Get GitHub usernames from commit range using GitHub API.
 
     Args:
         commit_range: Git commit range (e.g., "abc123..HEAD").
+        repo: GitHub repo in ``owner/name`` form to resolve commits against.
+        cwd: Directory to run git commands in (defaults to current).
 
     Returns:
         List of GitHub usernames sorted alphabetically.
@@ -779,10 +804,10 @@ def get_github_contributors(commit_range: str) -> list[str]:
             gh_token = None
 
         g = Github(login_or_token=gh_token) if gh_token else Github()
-        github_repo = g.get_repo("crewAIInc/crewAI")
+        github_repo = g.get_repo(repo)
 
         commit_shas = run_command(
-            ["git", "log", commit_range, "--pretty=format:%H"]
+            ["git", "log", commit_range, "--pretty=format:%H"], cwd=cwd
         ).split("\n")
 
         contributors = set()
@@ -922,9 +947,26 @@ def _generate_release_notes(
     version: str,
     tag_name: str,
     no_edit: bool,
+    cwd: Path | None = None,
+    gh_repo: str = "crewAIInc/crewAI",
+    openai_client: OpenAI | None = None,
+    bump_already_done: bool = True,
 ) -> tuple[str, OpenAI, bool]:
     """Generate, display, and optionally edit release notes.
 
+    Args:
+        version: Version being released.
+        tag_name: Tag name for the release.
+        no_edit: Skip the interactive edit prompt.
+        cwd: Directory to run git commands in (defaults to current).
+        gh_repo: GitHub repo (``owner/name``) for resolving contributors.
+        openai_client: Reuse an existing OpenAI client if provided.
+        bump_already_done: True when the ``feat: bump versions to <version>``
+            commit for the current release is already in history (the real
+            release path). False in previews where no bump exists yet — the
+            most recent bump commit is the *previous* version and must be
+            used as the range start.
+
     Returns:
         Tuple of (release_notes, openai_client, is_prerelease).
     """
@@ -939,7 +981,8 @@ def _generate_release_notes(
                     "log",
                     "--grep=^feat: bump versions to",
                     "--format=%H %s",
-                ]
+                ],
+                cwd=cwd,
             )
             bump_entries = [
                 line for line in prev_bump_output.strip().split("\n") if line.strip()
@@ -947,7 +990,8 @@ def _generate_release_notes(
 
             is_stable = not _is_prerelease(version)
             prev_commit = None
-            for entry in bump_entries[1:]:
+            scan_entries = bump_entries[1:] if bump_already_done else bump_entries
+            for entry in scan_entries:
                 bump_ver = entry.split("feat: bump versions to", 1)[-1].strip()
                 if is_stable and _is_prerelease(bump_ver):
                     continue
@@ -957,7 +1001,7 @@ def _generate_release_notes(
             if prev_commit:
                 commit_range = f"{prev_commit}..HEAD"
                 commits = run_command(
-                    ["git", "log", commit_range, "--pretty=format:%s"]
+                    ["git", "log", commit_range, "--pretty=format:%s"], cwd=cwd
                 )
 
                 commit_lines = [
@@ -967,14 +1011,21 @@ def _generate_release_notes(
                 ]
                 commits = "\n".join(commit_lines)
             else:
-                commit_range, commits = get_commits_from_last_tag(tag_name, version)
+                commit_range, commits = get_commits_from_last_tag(
+                    tag_name, version, cwd=cwd
+                )
 
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-            commit_range, commits = get_commits_from_last_tag(tag_name, version)
+            commit_range, commits = get_commits_from_last_tag(
+                tag_name, version, cwd=cwd
+            )
 
-        github_contributors = get_github_contributors(commit_range)
+        github_contributors = get_github_contributors(
+            commit_range, repo=gh_repo, cwd=cwd
+        )
 
-        openai_client = OpenAI(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"))
+        if openai_client is None:
+            openai_client = OpenAI(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"))
 
         if commits.strip():
             contributors_section = ""
@@ -1532,7 +1583,13 @@ def _wait_for_pr_merged(branch: str, cwd: Path) -> None:
         time.sleep(_PR_MERGE_POLL_INTERVAL)
 
 
-def _release_enterprise(version: str, is_prerelease: bool, dry_run: bool) -> None:
+def _release_enterprise(
+    version: str,
+    is_prerelease: bool,
+    dry_run: bool,
+    no_edit: bool = False,
+    openai_client: OpenAI | None = None,
+) -> None:
     """Clone the enterprise repo, bump versions, and create a release PR.
 
     Expects ENTERPRISE_REPO, ENTERPRISE_VERSION_DIRS, and
@@ -1542,6 +1599,8 @@ def _release_enterprise(version: str, is_prerelease: bool, dry_run: bool) -> Non
         version: New version string.
         is_prerelease: Whether this is a pre-release version.
         dry_run: Show what would be done without making changes.
+        no_edit: Skip the interactive release-notes edit prompt.
+        openai_client: Reuse OpenAI client from earlier phases if available.
     """
     if (
         not _ENTERPRISE_REPO
@@ -1559,7 +1618,6 @@ def _release_enterprise(version: str, is_prerelease: bool, dry_run: bool) -> Non
     )
 
     if dry_run:
-        console.print(f"[dim][DRY RUN][/dim] Would clone {enterprise_repo}")
         for d in _ENTERPRISE_VERSION_DIRS:
             console.print(f"[dim][DRY RUN][/dim] Would update versions in {d}")
         console.print(
@@ -1570,6 +1628,26 @@ def _release_enterprise(version: str, is_prerelease: bool, dry_run: bool) -> Non
             "[dim][DRY RUN][/dim] Would create bump PR, wait for merge, "
             "then tag and release"
         )
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
+            repo_dir = Path(tmp) / enterprise_repo.split("/")[-1]
+            console.print(f"\nCloning {enterprise_repo} (read-only preview)...")
+            run_command(["gh", "repo", "clone", enterprise_repo, str(repo_dir)])
+            console.print(f"[green]✓[/green] Cloned {enterprise_repo}")
+
+            _generate_release_notes(
+                version,
+                version,
+                no_edit,
+                cwd=repo_dir,
+                gh_repo=enterprise_repo,
+                openai_client=openai_client,
+                bump_already_done=False,
+            )
+            console.print(
+                "[dim][DRY RUN][/dim] Would tag and create GitHub release "
+                "with the notes above"
+            )
         return
 
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
@@ -1682,8 +1760,18 @@ def _release_enterprise(version: str, is_prerelease: bool, dry_run: bool) -> Non
         run_command(["git", "pull"], cwd=repo_dir)
 
         tag_name = version
+
+        release_notes, _, _ = _generate_release_notes(
+            version,
+            tag_name,
+            no_edit,
+            cwd=repo_dir,
+            gh_repo=enterprise_repo,
+            openai_client=openai_client,
+        )
+
         run_command(
-            ["git", "tag", "-a", tag_name, "-m", f"Release {version}"],
+            ["git", "tag", "-a", tag_name, "-m", release_notes],
             cwd=repo_dir,
         )
         run_command(["git", "push", "origin", tag_name], cwd=repo_dir)
@@ -1699,7 +1787,7 @@ def _release_enterprise(version: str, is_prerelease: bool, dry_run: bool) -> Non
             "--title",
             tag_name,
             "--notes",
-            f"Release {version}",
+            release_notes,
         ]
         if is_prerelease:
             gh_cmd.append("--prerelease")
@@ -1998,7 +2086,7 @@ def tag(dry_run: bool, no_edit: bool) -> None:
             console.print("[green]✓[/green] main branch up to date")
 
         release_notes, openai_client, is_prerelease = _generate_release_notes(
-            version, tag_name, no_edit
+            version, tag_name, no_edit, bump_already_done=True
         )
 
         docs_branch = _update_docs_and_create_pr(
@@ -2109,7 +2197,7 @@ def release(
 
     if skip_to_enterprise:
         try:
-            _release_enterprise(version, is_prerelease, dry_run)
+            _release_enterprise(version, is_prerelease, dry_run, no_edit=no_edit)
         except BaseException as e:
             _print_release_error(e)
             _resume_hint(
@@ -2205,7 +2293,7 @@ def release(
             console.print("[green]✓[/green] main branch up to date")
 
         release_notes, openai_client, is_prerelease = _generate_release_notes(
-            version, tag_name, no_edit
+            version, tag_name, no_edit, bump_already_done=not dry_run
         )
 
         docs_branch = _update_docs_and_create_pr(
@@ -2259,7 +2347,13 @@ def release(
 
     if not skip_enterprise:
         try:
-            _release_enterprise(version, is_prerelease, dry_run)
+            _release_enterprise(
+                version,
+                is_prerelease,
+                dry_run,
+                no_edit=no_edit,
+                openai_client=openai_client,
+            )
         except BaseException as e:
             _print_release_error(e)
             _resume_hint(

lib/devtools/tests/test_toml_updates.py

@@ -282,6 +282,25 @@ class TestUpdatePyprojectDependencies:
         assert '"crewai-files==2.0.0"' in result
         assert '"requests>=2.0"' in result
 
+    def test_skips_crewai_files_in_file_processing_extra(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        pyproject = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+        pyproject.write_text(
+            dedent("""\
+            [project.optional-dependencies]
+            file-processing = [
+                "crewai-files==1.0.0",
+            ]
+            other = [
+                "crewai-files==1.0.0",
+            ]
+        """)
+        )
+
+        update_pyproject_dependencies(pyproject, "2.0.0")
+        result = pyproject.read_text()
+        assert '"crewai-files==1.0.0"' in result
+        assert '"crewai-files==2.0.0"' in result
+
     def test_leaves_bare_crewai_pin_alone(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         """`crewai==` must not collide with `crewai-core==` etc."""
         pyproject = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"

pyproject.toml

@@ -185,8 +185,10 @@ exclude-newer = "3 days"
 # python-multipart <0.0.27 has GHSA-pp6c-gr5w-3c5g (DoS via unbounded multipart headers).
 # gitpython <3.1.50 has GHSA-mv93-w799-cj2w (config_writer newline injection bypassing the 3.1.49 patch -> RCE via core.hooksPath).
 # urllib3 <2.7.0 has GHSA-qccp-gfcp-xxvc (ProxyManager cross-origin redirect leaks Authorization/Cookie) and GHSA-mf9v-mfxr-j63j (streaming decompression-bomb bypass); force 2.7.0+.
-# langsmith <0.7.31 has GHSA-rr7j-v2q5-chgv (streaming token redaction bypass); force 0.7.31+.
+# langsmith <0.8.0 has GHSA-3644-q5cj-c5c7 (public prompt manifest deserialization, SSRF/secret disclosure); force 0.8.0+.
 # authlib <1.6.11 has GHSA-jj8c-mmj3-mmgv (CSRF bypass in cache-based state storage).
+# pip <26.1.1 has GHSA-58qw-9mgm-455v (archive handling); OSV considers 26.1.1 unaffected.
+# paramiko <5.0.0 has GHSA-r374-rxx8-8654 (SHA-1 in rsakey.py); OSV considers 5.0.0 unaffected. Transitive via composio-core.
 # litellm 1.83.8+ hard-pins openai==2.24.0, missing openai.types.responses used by crewai;
 # override to >=2.30.0 (the version litellm 1.83.7 used) until upstream relaxes the pin.
 override-dependencies = [
@@ -203,8 +205,10 @@ override-dependencies = [
     "uv>=0.11.6,<1",
     "python-multipart>=0.0.27,<1",
     "gitpython>=3.1.50,<4",
-    "langsmith>=0.7.31,<0.8",
+    "langsmith>=0.8.0,<1",
     "authlib>=1.6.11",
+    "pip>=26.1.1",
+    "paramiko>=5.0.0",
 ]
 
 [tool.uv.workspace]

uv.lock

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ resolution-markers = [
 ]
 
 [options]
-exclude-newer = "2026-05-08T16:33:02.834109Z"
+exclude-newer = "2026-05-17T14:20:01.778505Z"
 exclude-newer-span = "P3D"
 
 [manifest]
@@ -31,10 +31,12 @@ overrides = [
     { name = "gitpython", specifier = ">=3.1.50,<4" },
     { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.3.3,<2" },
     { name = "langchain-text-splitters", specifier = ">=1.1.2,<2" },
-    { name = "langsmith", specifier = ">=0.7.31,<0.8" },
+    { name = "langsmith", specifier = ">=0.8.0,<1" },
     { name = "onnxruntime", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'", specifier = "<1.24" },
     { name = "openai", specifier = ">=2.30.0,<3" },
+    { name = "paramiko", specifier = ">=5.0.0" },
     { name = "pillow", specifier = ">=12.1.1" },
+    { name = "pip", specifier = ">=26.1.1" },
     { name = "pypdf", specifier = ">=6.10.2,<7" },
     { name = "python-multipart", specifier = ">=0.0.27,<1" },
     { name = "rich", specifier = ">=13.7.1" },
@@ -3268,11 +3270,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
-version = "3.11"
+version = "3.15"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
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