build: ensure tiktoken greather than 0.8.0 due Python 3.13 compatibility

Added explicit tokenizers dependency: Added tokenizers>=0.20.3 to ensure a version compatible with Python 3.13 is used.

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 15
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
+        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13']
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4

README.md

@@ -1,27 +1,70 @@
-<div align="center">
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI">
+    <img src="docs/images/crewai_logo.png" width="600px" alt="Open source Multi-AI Agent orchestration framework">
+  </a>
+</p>
+<p align="center" style="display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 20px; align-items: center;">
+  <a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/11239" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/11239" alt="crewAIInc%2FcrewAI | Trendshift" style="width: 250px; height: 55px;" width="250" height="55"/>
+  </a>
+</p>
 
-![Logo of CrewAI](./docs/images/crewai_logo.png)
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://crewai.com">Homepage</a>
+  ·
+  <a href="https://docs.crewai.com">Docs</a>
+  ·
+  <a href="https://app.crewai.com">Start Cloud Trial</a>
+  ·
+  <a href="https://blog.crewai.com">Blog</a>
+  ·
+  <a href="https://community.crewai.com">Forum</a>
+</p>
 
-</div>
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/crewAIInc/crewAI" alt="GitHub Repo stars">
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/network/members">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/forks/crewAIInc/crewAI" alt="GitHub forks">
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/issues">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/issues/crewAIInc/crewAI" alt="GitHub issues">
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/pulls">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/issues-pr/crewAIInc/crewAI" alt="GitHub pull requests">
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-green.svg" alt="License: MIT">
+  </a>
+</p>
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://pypi.org/project/crewai/">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/crewai" alt="PyPI version">
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://pypi.org/project/crewai/">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/crewai" alt="PyPI downloads">
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://twitter.com/crewAIInc">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/crewAIInc?style=social" alt="Twitter Follow">
+  </a>
+</p>
 
 ### Fast and Flexible Multi-Agent Automation Framework
 
-CrewAI is a lean, lightning-fast Python framework built entirely from
-scratch—completely **independent of LangChain or other agent frameworks**.
-It empowers developers with both high-level simplicity and precise low-level
-control, ideal for creating autonomous AI agents tailored to any scenario.
+> CrewAI is a lean, lightning-fast Python framework built entirely from scratch—completely **independent of LangChain or other agent frameworks**.
+> It empowers developers with both high-level simplicity and precise low-level control, ideal for creating autonomous AI agents tailored to any scenario.
 
 - **CrewAI Crews**: Optimize for autonomy and collaborative intelligence.
 - **CrewAI Flows**: Enable granular, event-driven control, single LLM calls for precise task orchestration and supports Crews natively
 
-With over 100,000 developers certified through our community courses at
-[learn.crewai.com](https://learn.crewai.com), CrewAI is rapidly becoming the
+With over 100,000 developers certified through our community courses at [learn.crewai.com](https://learn.crewai.com), CrewAI is rapidly becoming the
 standard for enterprise-ready AI automation.
 
 # CrewAI Enterprise Suite
 
-CrewAI Enterprise Suite is a comprehensive bundle tailored for organizations
-that require secure, scalable, and easy-to-manage agent-driven automation.
+CrewAI Enterprise Suite is a comprehensive bundle tailored for organizations that require secure, scalable, and easy-to-manage agent-driven automation.
 
 You can try one part of the suite the [Crew Control Plane for free](https://app.crewai.com)
 
@@ -35,21 +78,9 @@ You can try one part of the suite the [Crew Control Plane for free](https://app.
 - **24/7 Support**: Dedicated enterprise support to ensure uninterrupted operation and quick resolution of issues.
 - **On-premise and Cloud Deployment Options**: Deploy CrewAI Enterprise on-premise or in the cloud, depending on your security and compliance requirements.
 
-CrewAI Enterprise is designed for enterprises seeking a powerful,
-reliable solution to transform complex business processes into efficient,
+CrewAI Enterprise is designed for enterprises seeking a powerful, reliable solution to transform complex business processes into efficient,
 intelligent automations.
 
-<h3>
-
-[Homepage](https://www.crewai.com/) | [Documentation](https://docs.crewai.com/) | [Chat with Docs](https://chatg.pt/DWjSBZn) | [Discourse](https://community.crewai.com)
-
-</h3>
-
-[![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/joaomdmoura/crewAI)](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI)
-[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-green.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
-
-</div>
-
 ## Table of contents
 
 - [Why CrewAI?](#why-crewai)
@@ -88,7 +119,12 @@ CrewAI empowers developers and enterprises to confidently build intelligent auto
 
 ## Getting Started
 
-### Learning Resources
+Setup and run your first CrewAI agents by following this tutorial.
+
+[![CrewAI Getting Started Tutorial](https://img.youtube.com/vi/-kSOTtYzgEw/hqdefault.jpg)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-kSOTtYzgEw "CrewAI Getting Started Tutorial")
+
+###
+ Learning Resources
 
 Learn CrewAI through our comprehensive courses:
 
@@ -367,7 +403,7 @@ In addition to the sequential process, you can use the hierarchical process, whi
 
 ## Key Features
 
-CrewAI stands apart as a lean, standalone, high-performance framework delivering simplicity, flexibility, and precise control—free from the complexity and limitations found in other agent frameworks.
+CrewAI stands apart as a lean, standalone, high-performance multi-AI Agent framework delivering simplicity, flexibility, and precise control—free from the complexity and limitations found in other agent frameworks.
 
 - **Standalone & Lean**: Completely independent from other frameworks like LangChain, offering faster execution and lighter resource demands.
 - **Flexible & Precise**: Easily orchestrate autonomous agents through intuitive [Crews](https://docs.crewai.com/concepts/crews) or precise [Flows](https://docs.crewai.com/concepts/flows), achieving perfect balance for your needs.

docs/common-room-tracking.js

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+(function() {
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined') return;
+  if (typeof window.signals !== 'undefined') return;
+  var script = document.createElement('script');
+  script.src = 'https://cdn.cr-relay.com/v1/site/883520f4-c431-44be-80e7-e123a1ee7a2b/signals.js';
+  script.async = true;
+  window.signals = Object.assign(
+    [],
+    ['page', 'identify', 'form'].reduce(function (acc, method){
+      acc[method] = function () {
+        signals.push([method, arguments]);
+        return signals;
+      };
+     return acc;
+    }, {})
+  );
+  document.head.appendChild(script);
+})(); 

docs/concepts/memory.mdx

@@ -46,22 +46,96 @@ crew = Crew(
 - **Storage Location**: Platform-specific location via `appdirs` package
 - **Custom Storage Directory**: Set `CREWAI_STORAGE_DIR` environment variable
 
-### Custom Embedder Configuration
+## Storage Location Transparency
+
+<Info>
+**Understanding Storage Locations**: CrewAI uses platform-specific directories to store memory and knowledge files following OS conventions. Understanding these locations helps with production deployments, backups, and debugging.
+</Info>
+
+### Where CrewAI Stores Files
+
+By default, CrewAI uses the `appdirs` library to determine storage locations following platform conventions. Here's exactly where your files are stored:
+
+#### Default Storage Locations by Platform
+
+**macOS:**
+```
+~/Library/Application Support/CrewAI/{project_name}/
+├── knowledge/           # Knowledge base ChromaDB files
+├── short_term_memory/   # Short-term memory ChromaDB files  
+├── long_term_memory/    # Long-term memory ChromaDB files
+├── entities/            # Entity memory ChromaDB files
+└── long_term_memory_storage.db  # SQLite database
+```
+
+**Linux:**
+```
+~/.local/share/CrewAI/{project_name}/
+├── knowledge/
+├── short_term_memory/
+├── long_term_memory/
+├── entities/
+└── long_term_memory_storage.db
+```
+
+**Windows:**
+```
+C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Local\CrewAI\{project_name}\
+├── knowledge\
+├── short_term_memory\
+├── long_term_memory\
+├── entities\
+└── long_term_memory_storage.db
+```
+
+### Finding Your Storage Location
+
+To see exactly where CrewAI is storing files on your system:
+
 ```python
+from crewai.utilities.paths import db_storage_path
+import os
+
+# Get the base storage path
+storage_path = db_storage_path()
+print(f"CrewAI storage location: {storage_path}")
+
+# List all CrewAI storage directories
+if os.path.exists(storage_path):
+    print("\nStored files and directories:")
+    for item in os.listdir(storage_path):
+        item_path = os.path.join(storage_path, item)
+        if os.path.isdir(item_path):
+            print(f"📁 {item}/")
+            # Show ChromaDB collections
+            if os.path.exists(item_path):
+                for subitem in os.listdir(item_path):
+                    print(f"   └── {subitem}")
+        else:
+            print(f"📄 {item}")
+else:
+    print("No CrewAI storage directory found yet.")
+```
+
+### Controlling Storage Locations
+
+#### Option 1: Environment Variable (Recommended)
+```python
+import os
+from crewai import Crew
+
+# Set custom storage location
+os.environ["CREWAI_STORAGE_DIR"] = "./my_project_storage"
+
+# All memory and knowledge will now be stored in ./my_project_storage/
 crew = Crew(
     agents=[...],
     tasks=[...],
-    memory=True,
-    embedder={
-        "provider": "openai",
-        "config": {
-            "model": "text-embedding-3-small"
-        }
-    }
+    memory=True
 )
 ```
 
-### Custom Storage Paths
+#### Option 2: Custom Storage Paths
 ```python
 import os
 from crewai import Crew
@@ -69,16 +143,547 @@ from crewai.memory import LongTermMemory
 from crewai.memory.storage.ltm_sqlite_storage import LTMSQLiteStorage
 
 # Configure custom storage location
+custom_storage_path = "./storage"
+os.makedirs(custom_storage_path, exist_ok=True)
+
 crew = Crew(
     memory=True,
     long_term_memory=LongTermMemory(
         storage=LTMSQLiteStorage(
-            db_path=os.getenv("CREWAI_STORAGE_DIR", "./storage") + "/memory.db"
+            db_path=f"{custom_storage_path}/memory.db"
         )
     )
 )
 ```
 
+#### Option 3: Project-Specific Storage
+```python
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Store in project directory
+project_root = Path(__file__).parent
+storage_dir = project_root / "crewai_storage"
+
+os.environ["CREWAI_STORAGE_DIR"] = str(storage_dir)
+
+# Now all storage will be in your project directory
+```
+
+### Embedding Provider Defaults
+
+<Info>
+**Default Embedding Provider**: CrewAI defaults to OpenAI embeddings for consistency and reliability. You can easily customize this to match your LLM provider or use local embeddings.
+</Info>
+
+#### Understanding Default Behavior
+```python
+# When using Claude as your LLM...
+from crewai import Agent, LLM
+
+agent = Agent(
+    role="Analyst",
+    goal="Analyze data",
+    backstory="Expert analyst",
+    llm=LLM(provider="anthropic", model="claude-3-sonnet")  # Using Claude
+)
+
+# CrewAI will use OpenAI embeddings by default for consistency
+# You can easily customize this to match your preferred provider
+```
+
+#### Customizing Embedding Providers
+```python
+from crewai import Crew
+
+# Option 1: Match your LLM provider
+crew = Crew(
+    agents=[agent],
+    tasks=[task],
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "anthropic",  # Match your LLM provider
+        "config": {
+            "api_key": "your-anthropic-key",
+            "model": "text-embedding-3-small"
+        }
+    }
+)
+
+# Option 2: Use local embeddings (no external API calls)
+crew = Crew(
+    agents=[agent],
+    tasks=[task],
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "ollama",
+        "config": {"model": "mxbai-embed-large"}
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### Debugging Storage Issues
+
+#### Check Storage Permissions
+```python
+import os
+from crewai.utilities.paths import db_storage_path
+
+storage_path = db_storage_path()
+print(f"Storage path: {storage_path}")
+print(f"Path exists: {os.path.exists(storage_path)}")
+print(f"Is writable: {os.access(storage_path, os.W_OK) if os.path.exists(storage_path) else 'Path does not exist'}")
+
+# Create with proper permissions
+if not os.path.exists(storage_path):
+    os.makedirs(storage_path, mode=0o755, exist_ok=True)
+    print(f"Created storage directory: {storage_path}")
+```
+
+#### Inspect ChromaDB Collections
+```python
+import chromadb
+from crewai.utilities.paths import db_storage_path
+
+# Connect to CrewAI's ChromaDB
+storage_path = db_storage_path()
+chroma_path = os.path.join(storage_path, "knowledge")
+
+if os.path.exists(chroma_path):
+    client = chromadb.PersistentClient(path=chroma_path)
+    collections = client.list_collections()
+    
+    print("ChromaDB Collections:")
+    for collection in collections:
+        print(f"  - {collection.name}: {collection.count()} documents")
+else:
+    print("No ChromaDB storage found")
+```
+
+#### Reset Storage (Debugging)
+```python
+from crewai import Crew
+
+# Reset all memory storage
+crew = Crew(agents=[...], tasks=[...], memory=True)
+
+# Reset specific memory types
+crew.reset_memories(command_type='short')     # Short-term memory
+crew.reset_memories(command_type='long')      # Long-term memory  
+crew.reset_memories(command_type='entity')    # Entity memory
+crew.reset_memories(command_type='knowledge') # Knowledge storage
+```
+
+### Production Best Practices
+
+1. **Set `CREWAI_STORAGE_DIR`** to a known location in production for better control
+2. **Choose explicit embedding providers** to match your LLM setup
+3. **Monitor storage directory size** for large-scale deployments
+4. **Include storage directories** in your backup strategy
+5. **Set appropriate file permissions** (0o755 for directories, 0o644 for files)
+6. **Use project-relative paths** for containerized deployments
+
+### Common Storage Issues
+
+**"ChromaDB permission denied" errors:**
+```bash
+# Fix permissions
+chmod -R 755 ~/.local/share/CrewAI/
+```
+
+**"Database is locked" errors:**
+```python
+# Ensure only one CrewAI instance accesses storage
+import fcntl
+import os
+
+storage_path = db_storage_path()
+lock_file = os.path.join(storage_path, ".crewai.lock")
+
+with open(lock_file, 'w') as f:
+    fcntl.flock(f.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
+    # Your CrewAI code here
+```
+
+**Storage not persisting between runs:**
+```python
+# Verify storage location is consistent
+import os
+print("CREWAI_STORAGE_DIR:", os.getenv("CREWAI_STORAGE_DIR"))
+print("Current working directory:", os.getcwd())
+print("Computed storage path:", db_storage_path())
+```
+
+## Custom Embedder Configuration
+
+CrewAI supports multiple embedding providers to give you flexibility in choosing the best option for your use case. Here's a comprehensive guide to configuring different embedding providers for your memory system.
+
+### Why Choose Different Embedding Providers?
+
+- **Cost Optimization**: Local embeddings (Ollama) are free after initial setup
+- **Privacy**: Keep your data local with Ollama or use your preferred cloud provider
+- **Performance**: Some models work better for specific domains or languages
+- **Consistency**: Match your embedding provider with your LLM provider
+- **Compliance**: Meet specific regulatory or organizational requirements
+
+### OpenAI Embeddings (Default)
+
+OpenAI provides reliable, high-quality embeddings that work well for most use cases.
+
+```python
+from crewai import Crew
+
+# Basic OpenAI configuration (uses environment OPENAI_API_KEY)
+crew = Crew(
+    agents=[...],
+    tasks=[...],
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "openai",
+        "config": {
+            "model": "text-embedding-3-small"  # or "text-embedding-3-large"
+        }
+    }
+)
+
+# Advanced OpenAI configuration
+crew = Crew(
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "openai",
+        "config": {
+            "api_key": "your-openai-api-key",  # Optional: override env var
+            "model": "text-embedding-3-large",
+            "dimensions": 1536,  # Optional: reduce dimensions for smaller storage
+            "organization_id": "your-org-id"  # Optional: for organization accounts
+        }
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### Azure OpenAI Embeddings
+
+For enterprise users with Azure OpenAI deployments.
+
+```python
+crew = Crew(
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "openai",  # Use openai provider for Azure
+        "config": {
+            "api_key": "your-azure-api-key",
+            "api_base": "https://your-resource.openai.azure.com/",
+            "api_type": "azure",
+            "api_version": "2023-05-15",
+            "model": "text-embedding-3-small",
+            "deployment_id": "your-deployment-name"  # Azure deployment name
+        }
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### Google AI Embeddings
+
+Use Google's text embedding models for integration with Google Cloud services.
+
+```python
+crew = Crew(
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "google",
+        "config": {
+            "api_key": "your-google-api-key",
+            "model": "text-embedding-004"  # or "text-embedding-preview-0409"
+        }
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### Vertex AI Embeddings
+
+For Google Cloud users with Vertex AI access.
+
+```python
+crew = Crew(
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "vertexai",
+        "config": {
+            "project_id": "your-gcp-project-id",
+            "region": "us-central1",  # or your preferred region
+            "api_key": "your-service-account-key",
+            "model_name": "textembedding-gecko"
+        }
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### Ollama Embeddings (Local)
+
+Run embeddings locally for privacy and cost savings.
+
+```python
+# First, install and run Ollama locally, then pull an embedding model:
+# ollama pull mxbai-embed-large
+
+crew = Crew(
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "ollama",
+        "config": {
+            "model": "mxbai-embed-large",  # or "nomic-embed-text"
+            "url": "http://localhost:11434/api/embeddings"  # Default Ollama URL
+        }
+    }
+)
+
+# For custom Ollama installations
+crew = Crew(
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "ollama",
+        "config": {
+            "model": "mxbai-embed-large",
+            "url": "http://your-ollama-server:11434/api/embeddings"
+        }
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### Cohere Embeddings
+
+Use Cohere's embedding models for multilingual support.
+
+```python
+crew = Crew(
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "cohere",
+        "config": {
+            "api_key": "your-cohere-api-key",
+            "model": "embed-english-v3.0"  # or "embed-multilingual-v3.0"
+        }
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### VoyageAI Embeddings
+
+High-performance embeddings optimized for retrieval tasks.
+
+```python
+crew = Crew(
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "voyageai",
+        "config": {
+            "api_key": "your-voyage-api-key",
+            "model": "voyage-large-2",  # or "voyage-code-2" for code
+            "input_type": "document"  # or "query"
+        }
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### AWS Bedrock Embeddings
+
+For AWS users with Bedrock access.
+
+```python
+crew = Crew(
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "bedrock",
+        "config": {
+            "aws_access_key_id": "your-access-key",
+            "aws_secret_access_key": "your-secret-key",
+            "region_name": "us-east-1",
+            "model": "amazon.titan-embed-text-v1"
+        }
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### Hugging Face Embeddings
+
+Use open-source models from Hugging Face.
+
+```python
+crew = Crew(
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "huggingface",
+        "config": {
+            "api_key": "your-hf-token",  # Optional for public models
+            "model": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
+            "api_url": "https://api-inference.huggingface.co"  # or your custom endpoint
+        }
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### IBM Watson Embeddings
+
+For IBM Cloud users.
+
+```python
+crew = Crew(
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "watson",
+        "config": {
+            "api_key": "your-watson-api-key",
+            "url": "your-watson-instance-url",
+            "model": "ibm/slate-125m-english-rtrvr"
+        }
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### Choosing the Right Embedding Provider
+
+| Provider | Best For | Pros | Cons |
+|:---------|:----------|:------|:------|
+| **OpenAI** | General use, reliability | High quality, well-tested | Cost, requires API key |
+| **Ollama** | Privacy, cost savings | Free, local, private | Requires local setup |
+| **Google AI** | Google ecosystem | Good performance | Requires Google account |
+| **Azure OpenAI** | Enterprise, compliance | Enterprise features | Complex setup |
+| **Cohere** | Multilingual content | Great language support | Specialized use case |
+| **VoyageAI** | Retrieval tasks | Optimized for search | Newer provider |
+
+### Environment Variable Configuration
+
+For security, store API keys in environment variables:
+
+```python
+import os
+
+# Set environment variables
+os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your-openai-key"
+os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"] = "your-google-key"
+os.environ["COHERE_API_KEY"] = "your-cohere-key"
+
+# Use without exposing keys in code
+crew = Crew(
+    memory=True,
+    embedder={
+        "provider": "openai",
+        "config": {
+            "model": "text-embedding-3-small"
+            # API key automatically loaded from environment
+        }
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### Testing Different Embedding Providers
+
+Compare embedding providers for your specific use case:
+
+```python
+from crewai import Crew
+from crewai.utilities.paths import db_storage_path
+
+# Test different providers with the same data
+providers_to_test = [
+    {
+        "name": "OpenAI",
+        "config": {
+            "provider": "openai",
+            "config": {"model": "text-embedding-3-small"}
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Ollama",
+        "config": {
+            "provider": "ollama", 
+            "config": {"model": "mxbai-embed-large"}
+        }
+    }
+]
+
+for provider in providers_to_test:
+    print(f"\nTesting {provider['name']} embeddings...")
+    
+    # Create crew with specific embedder
+    crew = Crew(
+        agents=[...],
+        tasks=[...],
+        memory=True,
+        embedder=provider['config']
+    )
+    
+    # Run your test and measure performance
+    result = crew.kickoff()
+    print(f"{provider['name']} completed successfully")
+```
+
+### Troubleshooting Embedding Issues
+
+**Model not found errors:**
+```python
+# Verify model availability
+from crewai.utilities.embedding_configurator import EmbeddingConfigurator
+
+configurator = EmbeddingConfigurator()
+try:
+    embedder = configurator.configure_embedder({
+        "provider": "ollama",
+        "config": {"model": "mxbai-embed-large"}
+    })
+    print("Embedder configured successfully")
+except Exception as e:
+    print(f"Configuration error: {e}")
+```
+
+**API key issues:**
+```python
+import os
+
+# Check if API keys are set
+required_keys = ["OPENAI_API_KEY", "GOOGLE_API_KEY", "COHERE_API_KEY"]
+for key in required_keys:
+    if os.getenv(key):
+        print(f"✅ {key} is set")
+    else:
+        print(f"❌ {key} is not set")
+```
+
+**Performance comparison:**
+```python
+import time
+
+def test_embedding_performance(embedder_config, test_text="This is a test document"):
+    start_time = time.time()
+    
+    crew = Crew(
+        agents=[...],
+        tasks=[...],
+        memory=True,
+        embedder=embedder_config
+    )
+    
+    # Simulate memory operation
+    crew.kickoff()
+    
+    end_time = time.time()
+    return end_time - start_time
+
+# Compare performance
+openai_time = test_embedding_performance({
+    "provider": "openai",
+    "config": {"model": "text-embedding-3-small"}
+})
+
+ollama_time = test_embedding_performance({
+    "provider": "ollama", 
+    "config": {"model": "mxbai-embed-large"}
+})
+
+print(f"OpenAI: {openai_time:.2f}s")
+print(f"Ollama: {ollama_time:.2f}s")
+```
+
 ## 2. User Memory with Mem0 (Legacy)
 
 <Warning>

docs/docs.json

@@ -85,7 +85,12 @@
           {
             "group": "MCP Integration",
             "pages": [
-              "mcp/crewai-mcp-integration"
+              "mcp/overview",
+              "mcp/stdio",
+              "mcp/sse",
+              "mcp/streamable-http",
+              "mcp/multiple-servers",
+              "mcp/security"
             ]
           },
           {
@@ -164,8 +169,7 @@
                   "tools/ai-ml/llamaindextool",
                   "tools/ai-ml/langchaintool",
                   "tools/ai-ml/ragtool",
-                  "tools/ai-ml/codeinterpretertool",
-                  "tools/ai-ml/patronustools"
+                  "tools/ai-ml/codeinterpretertool"
                 ]
               },
               {
@@ -190,40 +194,42 @@
             ]
           },
           {
-            "group": "Agent Monitoring & Observability",
+            "group": "Observability",
             "pages": [
-              "how-to/agentops-observability",
-              "how-to/arize-phoenix-observability",
-              "how-to/langfuse-observability",
-              "how-to/langtrace-observability",
-              "how-to/mlflow-observability",
-              "how-to/openlit-observability",
-              "how-to/opik-observability",
-              "how-to/portkey-observability",
-              "how-to/weave-integration"
+              "observability/overview",
+              "observability/agentops",
+              "observability/arize-phoenix",
+              "observability/langfuse",
+              "observability/langtrace",
+              "observability/mlflow",
+              "observability/openlit",
+              "observability/opik",
+              "observability/patronus-evaluation",
+              "observability/portkey",
+              "observability/weave"
             ]
           },
           {
             "group": "Learn",
             "pages": [
-              "how-to/conditional-tasks",
-              "how-to/coding-agents",
-              "how-to/create-custom-tools",
-              "how-to/custom-llm",
-              "how-to/custom-manager-agent",
-              "how-to/customizing-agents",
-              "how-to/dalle-image-generation",
-              "how-to/force-tool-output-as-result",
-              "how-to/hierarchical-process",
-              "how-to/human-in-the-loop",
-              "how-to/human-input-on-execution",
-              "how-to/kickoff-async",
-              "how-to/kickoff-for-each",
-              "how-to/llm-connections",
-              "how-to/multimodal-agents",
-              "how-to/replay-tasks-from-latest-crew-kickoff",
-              "how-to/sequential-process",
-              "how-to/using-annotations"
+              "learn/overview",
+              "learn/conditional-tasks",
+              "learn/coding-agents",
+              "learn/create-custom-tools",
+              "learn/custom-llm",
+              "learn/custom-manager-agent",
+              "learn/customizing-agents",
+              "learn/dalle-image-generation",
+              "learn/force-tool-output-as-result",
+              "learn/hierarchical-process",
+              "learn/human-input-on-execution",
+              "learn/kickoff-async",
+              "learn/kickoff-for-each",
+              "learn/llm-connections",
+              "learn/multimodal-agents",
+              "learn/replay-tasks-from-latest-crew-kickoff",
+              "learn/sequential-process",
+              "learn/using-annotations"
             ]
           },
           {
@@ -267,6 +273,7 @@
               "enterprise/guides/slack-trigger",
               "enterprise/guides/team-management",
               "enterprise/guides/webhook-automation",
+              "enterprise/guides/human-in-the-loop",
               "enterprise/guides/zapier-trigger"
             ]
           },
@@ -352,7 +359,7 @@
   "navbar": {
     "links": [
       {
-        "label": "Start Free Trial",
+        "label": "Start Cloud Trial",
         "href": "https://app.crewai.com"
       }
     ],

docs/enterprise/guides/human-in-the-loop.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+---
+title: "HITL Workflows"
+description: "Learn how to implement Human-In-The-Loop workflows in CrewAI for enhanced decision-making"
+icon: "user-check"
+---
+
+Human-In-The-Loop (HITL) is a powerful approach that combines artificial intelligence with human expertise to enhance decision-making and improve task outcomes. This guide shows you how to implement HITL within CrewAI.
+
+## Setting Up HITL Workflows
+
+<Steps>
+    <Step title="Configure Your Task">
+        Set up your task with human input enabled:
+        <Frame>
+            <img src="/images/enterprise/crew-human-input.png" alt="Crew Human Input" />
+        </Frame>
+    </Step>
+
+    <Step title="Provide Webhook URL">
+        When kicking off your crew, include a webhook URL for human input:
+        <Frame>
+            <img src="/images/enterprise/crew-webhook-url.png" alt="Crew Webhook URL" />
+        </Frame>
+    </Step>
+
+    <Step title="Receive Webhook Notification">
+        Once the crew completes the task requiring human input, you'll receive a webhook notification containing:
+            - **Execution ID**
+            - **Task ID**
+            - **Task output**
+    </Step>
+
+    <Step title="Review Task Output">
+        The system will pause in the `Pending Human Input` state. Review the task output carefully.
+    </Step>
+
+    <Step title="Submit Human Feedback">
+        Call the resume endpoint of your crew with the following information:
+        <Frame>
+            <img src="/images/enterprise/crew-resume-endpoint.png" alt="Crew Resume Endpoint" />
+        </Frame>
+        <Warning>
+            **Feedback Impact on Task Execution**:
+            It's crucial to exercise care when providing feedback, as the entire feedback content will be incorporated as additional context for further task executions.
+        </Warning>
+        This means:
+        - All information in your feedback becomes part of the task's context.
+        - Irrelevant details may negatively influence it.
+        - Concise, relevant feedback helps maintain task focus and efficiency.
+        - Always review your feedback carefully before submission to ensure it contains only pertinent information that will positively guide the task's execution.
+    </Step>
+    <Step title="Handle Negative Feedback">
+        If you provide negative feedback:
+        - The crew will retry the task with added context from your feedback.
+        - You'll receive another webhook notification for further review.
+        - Repeat steps 4-6 until satisfied.
+    </Step>
+
+    <Step title="Execution Continuation">
+        When you submit positive feedback, the execution will proceed to the next steps.
+    </Step>
+</Steps>
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- **Be Specific**: Provide clear, actionable feedback that directly addresses the task at hand
+- **Stay Relevant**: Only include information that will help improve the task execution
+- **Be Timely**: Respond to HITL prompts promptly to avoid workflow delays
+- **Review Carefully**: Double-check your feedback before submitting to ensure accuracy
+
+## Common Use Cases
+
+HITL workflows are particularly valuable for:
+- Quality assurance and validation
+- Complex decision-making scenarios
+- Sensitive or high-stakes operations
+- Creative tasks requiring human judgment
+- Compliance and regulatory reviews 

docs/guides/advanced/customizing-prompts.mdx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ icon: message-pen
 
 ## Why Customize Prompts?
 
-Although CrewAI's default prompts work well for many scenarios, low-level customization opens the door to significantly more flexible and powerful agent behavior. Here’s why you might want to take advantage of this deeper control:
+Although CrewAI's default prompts work well for many scenarios, low-level customization opens the door to significantly more flexible and powerful agent behavior. Here's why you might want to take advantage of this deeper control:
 
 1. **Optimize for specific LLMs** – Different models (such as GPT-4, Claude, or Llama) thrive with prompt formats tailored to their unique architectures.
 2. **Change the language** – Build agents that operate exclusively in languages beyond English, handling nuances with precision.
@@ -20,13 +20,174 @@ This guide explores how to tap into CrewAI's prompts at a lower level, giving yo
 
 Under the hood, CrewAI employs a modular prompt system that you can customize extensively:
 
-- **Agent templates** – Govern each agent’s approach to their assigned role.
+- **Agent templates** – Govern each agent's approach to their assigned role.
 - **Prompt slices** – Control specialized behaviors such as tasks, tool usage, and output structure.
 - **Error handling** – Direct how agents respond to failures, exceptions, or timeouts.
 - **Tool-specific prompts** – Define detailed instructions for how tools are invoked or utilized.
 
 Check out the [original prompt templates in CrewAI's repository](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI/blob/main/src/crewai/translations/en.json) to see how these elements are organized. From there, you can override or adapt them as needed to unlock advanced behaviors.
 
+## Understanding Default System Instructions
+
+<Warning>
+**Production Transparency Issue**: CrewAI automatically injects default instructions into your prompts that you might not be aware of. This section explains what's happening under the hood and how to gain full control.
+</Warning>
+
+When you define an agent with `role`, `goal`, and `backstory`, CrewAI automatically adds additional system instructions that control formatting and behavior. Understanding these default injections is crucial for production systems where you need full prompt transparency.
+
+### What CrewAI Automatically Injects
+
+Based on your agent configuration, CrewAI adds different default instructions:
+
+#### For Agents Without Tools
+```text
+"I MUST use these formats, my job depends on it!"
+```
+
+#### For Agents With Tools  
+```text
+"IMPORTANT: Use the following format in your response:
+
+Thought: you should always think about what to do
+Action: the action to take, only one name of [tool_names]
+Action Input: the input to the action, just a simple JSON object...
+```
+
+#### For Structured Outputs (JSON/Pydantic)
+```text
+"Ensure your final answer contains only the content in the following format: {output_format}
+Ensure the final output does not include any code block markers like ```json or ```python."
+```
+
+### Viewing the Complete System Prompt
+
+To see exactly what prompt is being sent to your LLM, you can inspect the generated prompt:
+
+```python
+from crewai import Agent, Crew, Task
+from crewai.utilities.prompts import Prompts
+
+# Create your agent
+agent = Agent(
+    role="Data Analyst",
+    goal="Analyze data and provide insights",
+    backstory="You are an expert data analyst with 10 years of experience.",
+    verbose=True
+)
+
+# Create a sample task
+task = Task(
+    description="Analyze the sales data and identify trends",
+    expected_output="A detailed analysis with key insights and trends",
+    agent=agent
+)
+
+# Create the prompt generator
+prompt_generator = Prompts(
+    agent=agent,
+    has_tools=len(agent.tools) > 0,
+    use_system_prompt=agent.use_system_prompt
+)
+
+# Generate and inspect the actual prompt
+generated_prompt = prompt_generator.task_execution()
+
+# Print the complete system prompt that will be sent to the LLM
+if "system" in generated_prompt:
+    print("=== SYSTEM PROMPT ===")
+    print(generated_prompt["system"])
+    print("\n=== USER PROMPT ===")
+    print(generated_prompt["user"])
+else:
+    print("=== COMPLETE PROMPT ===")
+    print(generated_prompt["prompt"])
+
+# You can also see how the task description gets formatted
+print("\n=== TASK CONTEXT ===")
+print(f"Task Description: {task.description}")
+print(f"Expected Output: {task.expected_output}")
+```
+
+### Overriding Default Instructions
+
+You have several options to gain full control over the prompts:
+
+#### Option 1: Custom Templates (Recommended)
+```python
+from crewai import Agent
+
+# Define your own system template without default instructions
+custom_system_template = """You are {role}. {backstory}
+Your goal is: {goal}
+
+Respond naturally and conversationally. Focus on providing helpful, accurate information."""
+
+custom_prompt_template = """Task: {input}
+
+Please complete this task thoughtfully."""
+
+agent = Agent(
+    role="Research Assistant", 
+    goal="Help users find accurate information",
+    backstory="You are a helpful research assistant.",
+    system_template=custom_system_template,
+    prompt_template=custom_prompt_template,
+    use_system_prompt=True  # Use separate system/user messages
+)
+```
+
+#### Option 2: Custom Prompt File
+Create a `custom_prompts.json` file to override specific prompt slices:
+
+```json
+{
+  "slices": {
+    "no_tools": "\nProvide your best answer in a natural, conversational way.",
+    "tools": "\nYou have access to these tools: {tools}\n\nUse them when helpful, but respond naturally.",
+    "formatted_task_instructions": "Format your response as: {output_format}"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Then use it in your crew:
+
+```python
+crew = Crew(
+    agents=[agent],
+    tasks=[task],
+    prompt_file="custom_prompts.json",
+    verbose=True
+)
+```
+
+#### Option 3: Disable System Prompts for o1 Models
+```python
+agent = Agent(
+    role="Analyst",
+    goal="Analyze data", 
+    backstory="Expert analyst",
+    use_system_prompt=False  # Disables system prompt separation
+)
+```
+
+### Debugging with Observability Tools
+
+For production transparency, integrate with observability platforms to monitor all prompts and LLM interactions. This allows you to see exactly what prompts (including default instructions) are being sent to your LLMs.
+
+See our [Observability documentation](/how-to/observability) for detailed integration guides with various platforms including Langfuse, MLflow, Weights & Biases, and custom logging solutions.
+
+### Best Practices for Production
+
+1. **Always inspect generated prompts** before deploying to production
+2. **Use custom templates** when you need full control over prompt content
+3. **Integrate observability tools** for ongoing prompt monitoring (see [Observability docs](/how-to/observability))
+4. **Test with different LLMs** as default instructions may work differently across models
+5. **Document your prompt customizations** for team transparency
+
+<Tip>
+The default instructions exist to ensure consistent agent behavior, but they can interfere with domain-specific requirements. Use the customization options above to maintain full control over your agent's behavior in production systems.
+</Tip>
+
 ## Best Practices for Managing Prompt Files
 
 When engaging in low-level prompt customization, follow these guidelines to keep things organized and maintainable:
@@ -44,7 +205,7 @@ One straightforward approach is to create a JSON file for the prompts you want t
 1. Craft a JSON file with your updated prompt slices.
 2. Reference that file via the `prompt_file` parameter in your Crew.
 
-CrewAI then merges your customizations with the defaults, so you don’t have to redefine every prompt. Here’s how:
+CrewAI then merges your customizations with the defaults, so you don't have to redefine every prompt. Here's how:
 
 ### Example: Basic Prompt Customization
 
@@ -93,14 +254,14 @@ With these few edits, you gain low-level control over how your agents communicat
 
 ## Optimizing for Specific Models
 
-Different models thrive on differently structured prompts. Making deeper adjustments can significantly boost performance by aligning your prompts with a model’s nuances.
+Different models thrive on differently structured prompts. Making deeper adjustments can significantly boost performance by aligning your prompts with a model's nuances.
 
 ### Example: Llama 3.3 Prompting Template
 
-For instance, when dealing with Meta’s Llama 3.3, deeper-level customization may reflect the recommended structure described at:
+For instance, when dealing with Meta's Llama 3.3, deeper-level customization may reflect the recommended structure described at:
 https://www.llama.com/docs/model-cards-and-prompt-formats/llama3_1/#prompt-template
 
-Here’s an example to highlight how you might fine-tune an Agent to leverage Llama 3.3 in code:
+Here's an example to highlight how you might fine-tune an Agent to leverage Llama 3.3 in code:
 
 ```python
 from crewai import Agent, Crew, Task, Process
@@ -148,8 +309,8 @@ Through this deeper configuration, you can exercise comprehensive, low-level con
 
 ## Conclusion
 
-Low-level prompt customization in CrewAI opens the door to super custom, complex use cases. By establishing well-organized prompt files (or direct inline templates), you can accommodate various models, languages, and specialized domains. This level of flexibility ensures you can craft precisely the AI behavior you need, all while knowing CrewAI still provides reliable defaults when you don’t override them.
+Low-level prompt customization in CrewAI opens the door to super custom, complex use cases. By establishing well-organized prompt files (or direct inline templates), you can accommodate various models, languages, and specialized domains. This level of flexibility ensures you can craft precisely the AI behavior you need, all while knowing CrewAI still provides reliable defaults when you don't override them.
 
 <Check>
-You now have the foundation for advanced prompt customizations in CrewAI. Whether you’re adapting for model-specific structures or domain-specific constraints, this low-level approach lets you shape agent interactions in highly specialized ways.
+You now have the foundation for advanced prompt customizations in CrewAI. Whether you're adapting for model-specific structures or domain-specific constraints, this low-level approach lets you shape agent interactions in highly specialized ways.
 </Check>

docs/how-to/custom-llm.mdx

@@ -1,646 +0,0 @@
----
-title: Custom LLM Implementation
-description: Learn how to create custom LLM implementations in CrewAI.
-icon: code
----
-
-## Custom LLM Implementations
-
-CrewAI now supports custom LLM implementations through the `BaseLLM` abstract base class. This allows you to create your own LLM implementations that don't rely on litellm's authentication mechanism.
-
-To create a custom LLM implementation, you need to:
-
-1. Inherit from the `BaseLLM` abstract base class
-2. Implement the required methods:
-   - `call()`: The main method to call the LLM with messages
-   - `supports_function_calling()`: Whether the LLM supports function calling
-   - `supports_stop_words()`: Whether the LLM supports stop words
-   - `get_context_window_size()`: The context window size of the LLM
-
-## Example: Basic Custom LLM
-
-```python
-from crewai import BaseLLM
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
-
-class CustomLLM(BaseLLM):
-    def __init__(self, api_key: str, endpoint: str):
-        super().__init__()  # Initialize the base class to set default attributes
-        if not api_key or not isinstance(api_key, str):
-            raise ValueError("Invalid API key: must be a non-empty string")
-        if not endpoint or not isinstance(endpoint, str):
-            raise ValueError("Invalid endpoint URL: must be a non-empty string")
-        self.api_key = api_key
-        self.endpoint = endpoint
-        self.stop = []  # You can customize stop words if needed
-        
-    def call(
-        self,
-        messages: Union[str, List[Dict[str, str]]],
-        tools: Optional[List[dict]] = None,
-        callbacks: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
-        available_functions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-    ) -> Union[str, Any]:
-        """Call the LLM with the given messages.
-        
-        Args:
-            messages: Input messages for the LLM.
-            tools: Optional list of tool schemas for function calling.
-            callbacks: Optional list of callback functions.
-            available_functions: Optional dict mapping function names to callables.
-            
-        Returns:
-            Either a text response from the LLM or the result of a tool function call.
-            
-        Raises:
-            TimeoutError: If the LLM request times out.
-            RuntimeError: If the LLM request fails for other reasons.
-            ValueError: If the response format is invalid.
-        """
-        # Implement your own logic to call the LLM
-        # For example, using requests:
-        import requests
-        
-        try:
-            headers = {
-                "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.api_key}",
-                "Content-Type": "application/json"
-            }
-            
-            # Convert string message to proper format if needed
-            if isinstance(messages, str):
-                messages = [{"role": "user", "content": messages}]
-            
-            data = {
-                "messages": messages,
-                "tools": tools
-            }
-            
-            response = requests.post(
-                self.endpoint, 
-                headers=headers, 
-                json=data,
-                timeout=30  # Set a reasonable timeout
-            )
-            response.raise_for_status()  # Raise an exception for HTTP errors
-            return response.json()["choices"][0]["message"]["content"]
-        except requests.Timeout:
-            raise TimeoutError("LLM request timed out")
-        except requests.RequestException as e:
-            raise RuntimeError(f"LLM request failed: {str(e)}")
-        except (KeyError, IndexError, ValueError) as e:
-            raise ValueError(f"Invalid response format: {str(e)}")
-        
-    def supports_function_calling(self) -> bool:
-        """Check if the LLM supports function calling.
-        
-        Returns:
-            True if the LLM supports function calling, False otherwise.
-        """
-        # Return True if your LLM supports function calling
-        return True
-        
-    def supports_stop_words(self) -> bool:
-        """Check if the LLM supports stop words.
-        
-        Returns:
-            True if the LLM supports stop words, False otherwise.
-        """
-        # Return True if your LLM supports stop words
-        return True
-        
-    def get_context_window_size(self) -> int:
-        """Get the context window size of the LLM.
-        
-        Returns:
-            The context window size as an integer.
-        """
-        # Return the context window size of your LLM
-        return 8192
-```
-
-## Error Handling Best Practices
-
-When implementing custom LLMs, it's important to handle errors properly to ensure robustness and reliability. Here are some best practices:
-
-### 1. Implement Try-Except Blocks for API Calls
-
-Always wrap API calls in try-except blocks to handle different types of errors:
-
-```python
-def call(
-    self,
-    messages: Union[str, List[Dict[str, str]]],
-    tools: Optional[List[dict]] = None,
-    callbacks: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
-    available_functions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-) -> Union[str, Any]:
-    try:
-        # API call implementation
-        response = requests.post(
-            self.endpoint,
-            headers=self.headers,
-            json=self.prepare_payload(messages),
-            timeout=30  # Set a reasonable timeout
-        )
-        response.raise_for_status()  # Raise an exception for HTTP errors
-        return response.json()["choices"][0]["message"]["content"]
-    except requests.Timeout:
-        raise TimeoutError("LLM request timed out")
-    except requests.RequestException as e:
-        raise RuntimeError(f"LLM request failed: {str(e)}")
-    except (KeyError, IndexError, ValueError) as e:
-        raise ValueError(f"Invalid response format: {str(e)}")
-```
-
-### 2. Implement Retry Logic for Transient Failures
-
-For transient failures like network issues or rate limiting, implement retry logic with exponential backoff:
-
-```python
-def call(
-    self,
-    messages: Union[str, List[Dict[str, str]]],
-    tools: Optional[List[dict]] = None,
-    callbacks: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
-    available_functions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-) -> Union[str, Any]:
-    import time
-    
-    max_retries = 3
-    retry_delay = 1  # seconds
-    
-    for attempt in range(max_retries):
-        try:
-            response = requests.post(
-                self.endpoint,
-                headers=self.headers,
-                json=self.prepare_payload(messages),
-                timeout=30
-            )
-            response.raise_for_status()
-            return response.json()["choices"][0]["message"]["content"]
-        except (requests.Timeout, requests.ConnectionError) as e:
-            if attempt < max_retries - 1:
-                time.sleep(retry_delay * (2 ** attempt))  # Exponential backoff
-                continue
-            raise TimeoutError(f"LLM request failed after {max_retries} attempts: {str(e)}")
-        except requests.RequestException as e:
-            raise RuntimeError(f"LLM request failed: {str(e)}")
-```
-
-### 3. Validate Input Parameters
-
-Always validate input parameters to prevent runtime errors:
-
-```python
-def __init__(self, api_key: str, endpoint: str):
-    super().__init__()
-    if not api_key or not isinstance(api_key, str):
-        raise ValueError("Invalid API key: must be a non-empty string")
-    if not endpoint or not isinstance(endpoint, str):
-        raise ValueError("Invalid endpoint URL: must be a non-empty string")
-    self.api_key = api_key
-    self.endpoint = endpoint
-```
-
-### 4. Handle Authentication Errors Gracefully
-
-Provide clear error messages for authentication failures:
-
-```python
-def call(
-    self,
-    messages: Union[str, List[Dict[str, str]]],
-    tools: Optional[List[dict]] = None,
-    callbacks: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
-    available_functions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-) -> Union[str, Any]:
-    try:
-        response = requests.post(self.endpoint, headers=self.headers, json=data)
-        if response.status_code == 401:
-            raise ValueError("Authentication failed: Invalid API key or token")
-        elif response.status_code == 403:
-            raise ValueError("Authorization failed: Insufficient permissions")
-        response.raise_for_status()
-        # Process response
-    except Exception as e:
-        # Handle error
-        raise
-```
-
-## Example: JWT-based Authentication
-
-For services that use JWT-based authentication instead of API keys, you can implement a custom LLM like this:
-
-```python
-from crewai import BaseLLM, Agent, Task
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
-
-class JWTAuthLLM(BaseLLM):
-    def __init__(self, jwt_token: str, endpoint: str):
-        super().__init__()  # Initialize the base class to set default attributes
-        if not jwt_token or not isinstance(jwt_token, str):
-            raise ValueError("Invalid JWT token: must be a non-empty string")
-        if not endpoint or not isinstance(endpoint, str):
-            raise ValueError("Invalid endpoint URL: must be a non-empty string")
-        self.jwt_token = jwt_token
-        self.endpoint = endpoint
-        self.stop = []  # You can customize stop words if needed
-        
-    def call(
-        self,
-        messages: Union[str, List[Dict[str, str]]],
-        tools: Optional[List[dict]] = None,
-        callbacks: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
-        available_functions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-    ) -> Union[str, Any]:
-        """Call the LLM with JWT authentication.
-        
-        Args:
-            messages: Input messages for the LLM.
-            tools: Optional list of tool schemas for function calling.
-            callbacks: Optional list of callback functions.
-            available_functions: Optional dict mapping function names to callables.
-            
-        Returns:
-            Either a text response from the LLM or the result of a tool function call.
-            
-        Raises:
-            TimeoutError: If the LLM request times out.
-            RuntimeError: If the LLM request fails for other reasons.
-            ValueError: If the response format is invalid.
-        """
-        # Implement your own logic to call the LLM with JWT authentication
-        import requests
-        
-        try:
-            headers = {
-                "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.jwt_token}",
-                "Content-Type": "application/json"
-            }
-            
-            # Convert string message to proper format if needed
-            if isinstance(messages, str):
-                messages = [{"role": "user", "content": messages}]
-            
-            data = {
-                "messages": messages,
-                "tools": tools
-            }
-            
-            response = requests.post(
-                self.endpoint,
-                headers=headers,
-                json=data,
-                timeout=30  # Set a reasonable timeout
-            )
-            
-            if response.status_code == 401:
-                raise ValueError("Authentication failed: Invalid JWT token")
-            elif response.status_code == 403:
-                raise ValueError("Authorization failed: Insufficient permissions")
-                
-            response.raise_for_status()  # Raise an exception for HTTP errors
-            return response.json()["choices"][0]["message"]["content"]
-        except requests.Timeout:
-            raise TimeoutError("LLM request timed out")
-        except requests.RequestException as e:
-            raise RuntimeError(f"LLM request failed: {str(e)}")
-        except (KeyError, IndexError, ValueError) as e:
-            raise ValueError(f"Invalid response format: {str(e)}")
-        
-    def supports_function_calling(self) -> bool:
-        """Check if the LLM supports function calling.
-        
-        Returns:
-            True if the LLM supports function calling, False otherwise.
-        """
-        return True
-        
-    def supports_stop_words(self) -> bool:
-        """Check if the LLM supports stop words.
-        
-        Returns:
-            True if the LLM supports stop words, False otherwise.
-        """
-        return True
-        
-    def get_context_window_size(self) -> int:
-        """Get the context window size of the LLM.
-        
-        Returns:
-            The context window size as an integer.
-        """
-        return 8192
-```
-
-## Troubleshooting
-
-Here are some common issues you might encounter when implementing custom LLMs and how to resolve them:
-
-### 1. Authentication Failures
-
-**Symptoms**: 401 Unauthorized or 403 Forbidden errors
-
-**Solutions**:
-- Verify that your API key or JWT token is valid and not expired
-- Check that you're using the correct authentication header format
-- Ensure that your token has the necessary permissions
-
-### 2. Timeout Issues
-
-**Symptoms**: Requests taking too long or timing out
-
-**Solutions**:
-- Implement timeout handling as shown in the examples
-- Use retry logic with exponential backoff
-- Consider using a more reliable network connection
-
-### 3. Response Parsing Errors
-
-**Symptoms**: KeyError, IndexError, or ValueError when processing responses
-
-**Solutions**:
-- Validate the response format before accessing nested fields
-- Implement proper error handling for malformed responses
-- Check the API documentation for the expected response format
-
-### 4. Rate Limiting
-
-**Symptoms**: 429 Too Many Requests errors
-
-**Solutions**:
-- Implement rate limiting in your custom LLM
-- Add exponential backoff for retries
-- Consider using a token bucket algorithm for more precise rate control
-
-## Advanced Features
-
-### Logging
-
-Adding logging to your custom LLM can help with debugging and monitoring:
-
-```python
-import logging
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
-
-class LoggingLLM(BaseLLM):
-    def __init__(self, api_key: str, endpoint: str):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.api_key = api_key
-        self.endpoint = endpoint
-        self.logger = logging.getLogger("crewai.llm.custom")
-        
-    def call(
-        self,
-        messages: Union[str, List[Dict[str, str]]],
-        tools: Optional[List[dict]] = None,
-        callbacks: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
-        available_functions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-    ) -> Union[str, Any]:
-        self.logger.info(f"Calling LLM with {len(messages) if isinstance(messages, list) else 1} messages")
-        try:
-            # API call implementation
-            response = self._make_api_call(messages, tools)
-            self.logger.debug(f"LLM response received: {response[:100]}...")
-            return response
-        except Exception as e:
-            self.logger.error(f"LLM call failed: {str(e)}")
-            raise
-```
-
-### Rate Limiting
-
-Implementing rate limiting can help avoid overwhelming the LLM API:
-
-```python
-import time
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
-
-class RateLimitedLLM(BaseLLM):
-    def __init__(
-        self, 
-        api_key: str, 
-        endpoint: str, 
-        requests_per_minute: int = 60
-    ):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.api_key = api_key
-        self.endpoint = endpoint
-        self.requests_per_minute = requests_per_minute
-        self.request_times: List[float] = []
-        
-    def call(
-        self,
-        messages: Union[str, List[Dict[str, str]]],
-        tools: Optional[List[dict]] = None,
-        callbacks: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
-        available_functions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-    ) -> Union[str, Any]:
-        self._enforce_rate_limit()
-        # Record this request time
-        self.request_times.append(time.time())
-        # Make the actual API call
-        return self._make_api_call(messages, tools)
-        
-    def _enforce_rate_limit(self) -> None:
-        """Enforce the rate limit by waiting if necessary."""
-        now = time.time()
-        # Remove request times older than 1 minute
-        self.request_times = [t for t in self.request_times if now - t < 60]
-        
-        if len(self.request_times) >= self.requests_per_minute:
-            # Calculate how long to wait
-            oldest_request = min(self.request_times)
-            wait_time = 60 - (now - oldest_request)
-            if wait_time > 0:
-                time.sleep(wait_time)
-```
-
-### Metrics Collection
-
-Collecting metrics can help you monitor your LLM usage:
-
-```python
-import time
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
-
-class MetricsCollectingLLM(BaseLLM):
-    def __init__(self, api_key: str, endpoint: str):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.api_key = api_key
-        self.endpoint = endpoint
-        self.metrics: Dict[str, Any] = {
-            "total_calls": 0,
-            "total_tokens": 0,
-            "errors": 0,
-            "latency": []
-        }
-        
-    def call(
-        self,
-        messages: Union[str, List[Dict[str, str]]],
-        tools: Optional[List[dict]] = None,
-        callbacks: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
-        available_functions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-    ) -> Union[str, Any]:
-        start_time = time.time()
-        self.metrics["total_calls"] += 1
-        
-        try:
-            response = self._make_api_call(messages, tools)
-            # Estimate tokens (simplified)
-            if isinstance(messages, str):
-                token_estimate = len(messages) // 4
-            else:
-                token_estimate = sum(len(m.get("content", "")) // 4 for m in messages)
-            self.metrics["total_tokens"] += token_estimate
-            return response
-        except Exception as e:
-            self.metrics["errors"] += 1
-            raise
-        finally:
-            latency = time.time() - start_time
-            self.metrics["latency"].append(latency)
-            
-    def get_metrics(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """Return the collected metrics."""
-        avg_latency = sum(self.metrics["latency"]) / len(self.metrics["latency"]) if self.metrics["latency"] else 0
-        return {
-            **self.metrics,
-            "avg_latency": avg_latency
-        }
-```
-
-## Advanced Usage: Function Calling
-
-If your LLM supports function calling, you can implement the function calling logic in your custom LLM:
-
-```python
-import json
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
-
-def call(
-    self,
-    messages: Union[str, List[Dict[str, str]]],
-    tools: Optional[List[dict]] = None,
-    callbacks: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
-    available_functions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-) -> Union[str, Any]:
-    import requests
-    
-    try:
-        headers = {
-            "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.jwt_token}",
-            "Content-Type": "application/json"
-        }
-        
-        # Convert string message to proper format if needed
-        if isinstance(messages, str):
-            messages = [{"role": "user", "content": messages}]
-        
-        data = {
-            "messages": messages,
-            "tools": tools
-        }
-        
-        response = requests.post(
-            self.endpoint,
-            headers=headers,
-            json=data,
-            timeout=30
-        )
-        response.raise_for_status()
-        response_data = response.json()
-        
-        # Check if the LLM wants to call a function
-        if response_data["choices"][0]["message"].get("tool_calls"):
-            tool_calls = response_data["choices"][0]["message"]["tool_calls"]
-            
-            # Process each tool call
-            for tool_call in tool_calls:
-                function_name = tool_call["function"]["name"]
-                function_args = json.loads(tool_call["function"]["arguments"])
-                
-                if available_functions and function_name in available_functions:
-                    function_to_call = available_functions[function_name]
-                    function_response = function_to_call(**function_args)
-                    
-                    # Add the function response to the messages
-                    messages.append({
-                        "role": "tool",
-                        "tool_call_id": tool_call["id"],
-                        "name": function_name,
-                        "content": str(function_response)
-                    })
-            
-            # Call the LLM again with the updated messages
-            return self.call(messages, tools, callbacks, available_functions)
-        
-        # Return the text response if no function call
-        return response_data["choices"][0]["message"]["content"]
-    except requests.Timeout:
-        raise TimeoutError("LLM request timed out")
-    except requests.RequestException as e:
-        raise RuntimeError(f"LLM request failed: {str(e)}")
-    except (KeyError, IndexError, ValueError) as e:
-        raise ValueError(f"Invalid response format: {str(e)}")
-```
-
-## Using Your Custom LLM with CrewAI
-
-Once you've implemented your custom LLM, you can use it with CrewAI agents and crews:
-
-```python
-from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew
-from typing import Dict, Any
-
-# Create your custom LLM instance
-jwt_llm = JWTAuthLLM(
-    jwt_token="your.jwt.token", 
-    endpoint="https://your-llm-endpoint.com/v1/chat/completions"
-)
-
-# Use it with an agent
-agent = Agent(
-    role="Research Assistant",
-    goal="Find information on a topic",
-    backstory="You are a research assistant tasked with finding information.",
-    llm=jwt_llm,
-)
-
-# Create a task for the agent
-task = Task(
-    description="Research the benefits of exercise",
-    agent=agent,
-    expected_output="A summary of the benefits of exercise",
-)
-
-# Execute the task
-result = agent.execute_task(task)
-print(result)
-
-# Or use it with a crew
-crew = Crew(
-    agents=[agent],
-    tasks=[task],
-    manager_llm=jwt_llm,  # Use your custom LLM for the manager
-)
-
-# Run the crew
-result = crew.kickoff()
-print(result)
-```
-
-## Implementing Your Own Authentication Mechanism
-
-The `BaseLLM` class allows you to implement any authentication mechanism you need, not just JWT or API keys. You can use:
-
-- OAuth tokens
-- Client certificates
-- Custom headers
-- Session-based authentication
-- Any other authentication method required by your LLM provider
-
-Simply implement the appropriate authentication logic in your custom LLM class.

docs/installation.mdx

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Watch this video tutorial for a step-by-step demonstration of the installation p
 <Note>
   **Python Version Requirements**
 
-  CrewAI requires `Python >=3.10 and <3.13`. Here's how to check your version:
+  CrewAI requires `Python >=3.10 and <=3.13`. Here's how to check your version:
   ```bash
   python3 --version
   ```

docs/learn/custom-llm.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+---
+title: Custom LLM Implementation
+description: Learn how to create custom LLM implementations in CrewAI.
+icon: code
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+CrewAI supports custom LLM implementations through the `BaseLLM` abstract base class. This allows you to integrate any LLM provider that doesn't have built-in support in LiteLLM, or implement custom authentication mechanisms.
+
+## Quick Start
+
+Here's a minimal custom LLM implementation:
+
+```python
+from crewai import BaseLLM
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+import requests
+
+class CustomLLM(BaseLLM):
+    def __init__(self, model: str, api_key: str, endpoint: str, temperature: Optional[float] = None):
+        # IMPORTANT: Call super().__init__() with required parameters
+        super().__init__(model=model, temperature=temperature)
+        
+        self.api_key = api_key
+        self.endpoint = endpoint
+        
+    def call(
+        self,
+        messages: Union[str, List[Dict[str, str]]],
+        tools: Optional[List[dict]] = None,
+        callbacks: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
+        available_functions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> Union[str, Any]:
+        """Call the LLM with the given messages."""
+        # Convert string to message format if needed
+        if isinstance(messages, str):
+            messages = [{"role": "user", "content": messages}]
+        
+        # Prepare request
+        payload = {
+            "model": self.model,
+            "messages": messages,
+            "temperature": self.temperature,
+        }
+        
+        # Add tools if provided and supported
+        if tools and self.supports_function_calling():
+            payload["tools"] = tools
+        
+        # Make API call
+        response = requests.post(
+            self.endpoint,
+            headers={
+                "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.api_key}",
+                "Content-Type": "application/json"
+            },
+            json=payload,
+            timeout=30
+        )
+        response.raise_for_status()
+        
+        result = response.json()
+        return result["choices"][0]["message"]["content"]
+        
+    def supports_function_calling(self) -> bool:
+        """Override if your LLM supports function calling."""
+        return True  # Change to False if your LLM doesn't support tools
+        
+    def get_context_window_size(self) -> int:
+        """Return the context window size of your LLM."""
+        return 8192  # Adjust based on your model's actual context window
+```
+
+## Using Your Custom LLM
+
+```python
+from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew
+
+# Assuming you have the CustomLLM class defined above
+# Create your custom LLM
+custom_llm = CustomLLM(
+    model="my-custom-model",
+    api_key="your-api-key",
+    endpoint="https://api.example.com/v1/chat/completions",
+    temperature=0.7
+)
+
+# Use with an agent
+agent = Agent(
+    role="Research Assistant",
+    goal="Find and analyze information",
+    backstory="You are a research assistant.",
+    llm=custom_llm
+)
+
+# Create and execute tasks
+task = Task(
+    description="Research the latest developments in AI",
+    expected_output="A comprehensive summary",
+    agent=agent
+)
+
+crew = Crew(agents=[agent], tasks=[task])
+result = crew.kickoff()
+```
+
+## Required Methods
+
+### Constructor: `__init__()`
+
+**Critical**: You must call `super().__init__(model, temperature)` with the required parameters:
+
+```python
+def __init__(self, model: str, api_key: str, temperature: Optional[float] = None):
+    # REQUIRED: Call parent constructor with model and temperature
+    super().__init__(model=model, temperature=temperature)
+    
+    # Your custom initialization
+    self.api_key = api_key
+```
+
+### Abstract Method: `call()`
+
+The `call()` method is the heart of your LLM implementation. It must:
+
+- Accept messages (string or list of dicts with 'role' and 'content')
+- Return a string response
+- Handle tools and function calling if supported
+- Raise appropriate exceptions for errors
+
+### Optional Methods
+
+```python
+def supports_function_calling(self) -> bool:
+    """Return True if your LLM supports function calling."""
+    return True  # Default is True
+
+def supports_stop_words(self) -> bool:
+    """Return True if your LLM supports stop sequences."""
+    return True  # Default is True
+
+def get_context_window_size(self) -> int:
+    """Return the context window size."""
+    return 4096  # Default is 4096
+```
+
+## Common Patterns
+
+### Error Handling
+
+```python
+import requests
+
+def call(self, messages, tools=None, callbacks=None, available_functions=None):
+    try:
+        response = requests.post(
+            self.endpoint,
+            headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {self.api_key}"},
+            json=payload,
+            timeout=30
+        )
+        response.raise_for_status()
+        return response.json()["choices"][0]["message"]["content"]
+        
+    except requests.Timeout:
+        raise TimeoutError("LLM request timed out")
+    except requests.RequestException as e:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"LLM request failed: {str(e)}")
+    except (KeyError, IndexError) as e:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid response format: {str(e)}")
+```
+
+### Custom Authentication
+
+```python
+from crewai import BaseLLM
+from typing import Optional
+
+class CustomAuthLLM(BaseLLM):
+    def __init__(self, model: str, auth_token: str, endpoint: str, temperature: Optional[float] = None):
+        super().__init__(model=model, temperature=temperature)
+        self.auth_token = auth_token
+        self.endpoint = endpoint
+    
+    def call(self, messages, tools=None, callbacks=None, available_functions=None):
+        headers = {
+            "Authorization": f"Custom {self.auth_token}",  # Custom auth format
+            "Content-Type": "application/json"
+        }
+        # Rest of implementation...
+```
+
+### Stop Words Support
+
+CrewAI automatically adds `"\nObservation:"` as a stop word to control agent behavior. If your LLM supports stop words:
+
+```python
+def call(self, messages, tools=None, callbacks=None, available_functions=None):
+    payload = {
+        "model": self.model,
+        "messages": messages,
+        "stop": self.stop  # Include stop words in API call
+    }
+    # Make API call...
+
+def supports_stop_words(self) -> bool:
+    return True  # Your LLM supports stop sequences
+```
+
+If your LLM doesn't support stop words natively:
+
+```python
+def call(self, messages, tools=None, callbacks=None, available_functions=None):
+    response = self._make_api_call(messages, tools)
+    content = response["choices"][0]["message"]["content"]
+    
+    # Manually truncate at stop words
+    if self.stop:
+        for stop_word in self.stop:
+            if stop_word in content:
+                content = content.split(stop_word)[0]
+                break
+    
+    return content
+
+def supports_stop_words(self) -> bool:
+    return False  # Tell CrewAI we handle stop words manually
+```
+
+## Function Calling
+
+If your LLM supports function calling, implement the complete flow:
+
+```python
+import json
+
+def call(self, messages, tools=None, callbacks=None, available_functions=None):
+    # Convert string to message format
+    if isinstance(messages, str):
+        messages = [{"role": "user", "content": messages}]
+    
+    # Make API call
+    response = self._make_api_call(messages, tools)
+    message = response["choices"][0]["message"]
+    
+    # Check for function calls
+    if "tool_calls" in message and available_functions:
+        return self._handle_function_calls(
+            message["tool_calls"], messages, tools, available_functions
+        )
+    
+    return message["content"]
+
+def _handle_function_calls(self, tool_calls, messages, tools, available_functions):
+    """Handle function calling with proper message flow."""
+    for tool_call in tool_calls:
+        function_name = tool_call["function"]["name"]
+        
+        if function_name in available_functions:
+            # Parse and execute function
+            function_args = json.loads(tool_call["function"]["arguments"])
+            function_result = available_functions[function_name](**function_args)
+            
+            # Add function call and result to message history
+            messages.append({
+                "role": "assistant",
+                "content": None,
+                "tool_calls": [tool_call]
+            })
+            messages.append({
+                "role": "tool",
+                "tool_call_id": tool_call["id"],
+                "name": function_name,
+                "content": str(function_result)
+            })
+            
+            # Call LLM again with updated context
+            return self.call(messages, tools, None, available_functions)
+    
+    return "Function call failed"
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### Common Issues
+
+**Constructor Errors**
+```python
+# ❌ Wrong - missing required parameters
+def __init__(self, api_key: str):
+    super().__init__()
+
+# ✅ Correct
+def __init__(self, model: str, api_key: str, temperature: Optional[float] = None):
+    super().__init__(model=model, temperature=temperature)
+```
+
+**Function Calling Not Working**
+- Ensure `supports_function_calling()` returns `True`
+- Check that you handle `tool_calls` in the response
+- Verify `available_functions` parameter is used correctly
+
+**Authentication Failures**
+- Verify API key format and permissions
+- Check authentication header format
+- Ensure endpoint URLs are correct
+
+**Response Parsing Errors**
+- Validate response structure before accessing nested fields
+- Handle cases where content might be None
+- Add proper error handling for malformed responses
+
+## Testing Your Custom LLM
+
+```python
+from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew
+
+def test_custom_llm():
+    llm = CustomLLM(
+        model="test-model",
+        api_key="test-key",
+        endpoint="https://api.test.com"
+    )
+    
+    # Test basic call
+    result = llm.call("Hello, world!")
+    assert isinstance(result, str)
+    assert len(result) > 0
+    
+    # Test with CrewAI agent
+    agent = Agent(
+        role="Test Agent",
+        goal="Test custom LLM",
+        backstory="A test agent.",
+        llm=llm
+    )
+    
+    task = Task(
+        description="Say hello",
+        expected_output="A greeting",
+        agent=agent
+    )
+    
+    crew = Crew(agents=[agent], tasks=[task])
+    result = crew.kickoff()
+    assert "hello" in result.raw.lower()
+```
+
+This guide covers the essentials of implementing custom LLMs in CrewAI.

docs/learn/llm-connections.mdx

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ icon: brain-circuit
 CrewAI uses LiteLLM to connect to a wide variety of Language Models (LLMs). This integration provides extensive versatility, allowing you to use models from numerous providers with a simple, unified interface.
 
 <Note>
-    By default, CrewAI uses the `gpt-4o-mini` model. This is determined by the `OPENAI_MODEL_NAME` environment variable, which defaults to "gpt-4o-mini" if not set. 
+    By default, CrewAI uses the `gpt-4o-mini` model. This is determined by the `OPENAI_MODEL_NAME` environment variable, which defaults to "gpt-4o-mini" if not set.
     You can easily configure your agents to use a different model or provider as described in this guide.
 </Note>
 
@@ -117,18 +117,27 @@ You can connect to OpenAI-compatible LLMs using either environment variables or
 <Tabs>
     <Tab title="Using Environment Variables">
         <CodeGroup>
-        ```python Code
+        ```python Generic
         import os
 
         os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your-api-key"
         os.environ["OPENAI_API_BASE"] = "https://api.your-provider.com/v1"
         os.environ["OPENAI_MODEL_NAME"] = "your-model-name"
         ```
+
+        ```python Google
+        import os
+
+        # Example using Gemini's OpenAI-compatible API.
+        os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your-gemini-key"  # Should start with AIza...
+        os.environ["OPENAI_API_BASE"] = "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/openai/"
+        os.environ["OPENAI_MODEL_NAME"] = "openai/gemini-2.0-flash"  # Add your Gemini model here, under openai/
+        ```
         </CodeGroup>
     </Tab>
     <Tab title="Using LLM Class Attributes">
         <CodeGroup>
-            ```python Code
+            ```python Generic
             llm = LLM(
                 model="custom-model-name",
                 api_key="your-api-key",
@@ -136,6 +145,16 @@ You can connect to OpenAI-compatible LLMs using either environment variables or
             )
             agent = Agent(llm=llm, ...)
             ```
+
+            ```python Google
+            # Example using Gemini's OpenAI-compatible API
+            llm = LLM(
+                model="openai/gemini-2.0-flash",
+                base_url="https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/openai/",
+                api_key="your-gemini-key",  # Should start with AIza...
+            )
+            agent = Agent(llm=llm, ...)
+            ```
         </CodeGroup>
     </Tab>
 </Tabs>
@@ -169,7 +188,7 @@ For local models like those provided by Ollama:
 
 You can change the base API URL for any LLM provider by setting the `base_url` parameter:
 
-```python Code  
+```python Code
 llm = LLM(
     model="custom-model-name",
     base_url="https://api.your-provider.com/v1",

docs/learn/overview.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+---
+title: "Overview"
+description: "Learn how to build, customize, and optimize your CrewAI applications with comprehensive guides and tutorials"
+icon: "face-smile"
+---
+
+## Learn CrewAI
+
+This section provides comprehensive guides and tutorials to help you master CrewAI, from basic concepts to advanced techniques. Whether you're just getting started or looking to optimize your existing implementations, these resources will guide you through every aspect of building powerful AI agent workflows.
+
+## Getting Started Guides
+
+### Core Concepts
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card title="Sequential Process" icon="list-ol" href="/learn/sequential-process">
+    Learn how to execute tasks in a sequential order for structured workflows.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Hierarchical Process" icon="sitemap" href="/learn/hierarchical-process">
+    Implement hierarchical task execution with manager agents overseeing workflows.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Conditional Tasks" icon="code-branch" href="/learn/conditional-tasks">
+    Create dynamic workflows with conditional task execution based on outcomes.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Async Kickoff" icon="bolt" href="/learn/kickoff-async">
+    Execute crews asynchronously for improved performance and concurrency.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+### Agent Development
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card title="Customizing Agents" icon="user-gear" href="/learn/customizing-agents">
+    Learn how to customize agent behavior, roles, and capabilities.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Coding Agents" icon="code" href="/learn/coding-agents">
+    Build agents that can write, execute, and debug code automatically.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Multimodal Agents" icon="images" href="/learn/multimodal-agents">
+    Create agents that can process text, images, and other media types.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Custom Manager Agent" icon="user-tie" href="/learn/custom-manager-agent">
+    Implement custom manager agents for complex hierarchical workflows.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+## Advanced Features
+
+### Workflow Control
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card title="Human in the Loop" icon="user-check" href="/learn/human-in-the-loop">
+    Integrate human oversight and intervention into agent workflows.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Human Input on Execution" icon="hand-paper" href="/learn/human-input-on-execution">
+    Allow human input during task execution for dynamic decision making.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Replay Tasks" icon="rotate-left" href="/learn/replay-tasks-from-latest-crew-kickoff">
+    Replay and resume tasks from previous crew executions.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Kickoff for Each" icon="repeat" href="/learn/kickoff-for-each">
+    Execute crews multiple times with different inputs efficiently.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+### Customization & Integration
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card title="Custom LLM" icon="brain" href="/learn/custom-llm">
+    Integrate custom language models and providers with CrewAI.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="LLM Connections" icon="link" href="/learn/llm-connections">
+    Configure and manage connections to various LLM providers.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Create Custom Tools" icon="wrench" href="/learn/create-custom-tools">
+    Build custom tools to extend agent capabilities.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Using Annotations" icon="at" href="/learn/using-annotations">
+    Use Python annotations for cleaner, more maintainable code.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+## Specialized Applications
+
+### Content & Media
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card title="DALL-E Image Generation" icon="image" href="/learn/dalle-image-generation">
+    Generate images using DALL-E integration with your agents.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Bring Your Own Agent" icon="user-plus" href="/learn/bring-your-own-agent">
+    Integrate existing agents and models into CrewAI workflows.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+### Tool Management
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card title="Force Tool Output as Result" icon="hammer" href="/learn/force-tool-output-as-result">
+    Configure tools to return their output directly as task results.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+## Learning Path Recommendations
+
+### For Beginners
+1. Start with **Sequential Process** to understand basic workflow execution
+2. Learn **Customizing Agents** to create effective agent configurations
+3. Explore **Create Custom Tools** to extend functionality
+4. Try **Human in the Loop** for interactive workflows
+
+### For Intermediate Users
+1. Master **Hierarchical Process** for complex multi-agent systems
+2. Implement **Conditional Tasks** for dynamic workflows
+3. Use **Async Kickoff** for performance optimization
+4. Integrate **Custom LLM** for specialized models
+
+### For Advanced Users
+1. Build **Multimodal Agents** for complex media processing
+2. Create **Custom Manager Agents** for sophisticated orchestration
+3. Implement **Bring Your Own Agent** for hybrid systems
+4. Use **Replay Tasks** for robust error recovery
+
+## Best Practices
+
+### Development
+- **Start Simple**: Begin with basic sequential workflows before adding complexity
+- **Test Incrementally**: Test each component before integrating into larger systems
+- **Use Annotations**: Leverage Python annotations for cleaner, more maintainable code
+- **Custom Tools**: Build reusable tools that can be shared across different agents
+
+### Production
+- **Error Handling**: Implement robust error handling and recovery mechanisms
+- **Performance**: Use async execution and optimize LLM calls for better performance
+- **Monitoring**: Integrate observability tools to track agent performance
+- **Human Oversight**: Include human checkpoints for critical decisions
+
+### Optimization
+- **Resource Management**: Monitor and optimize token usage and API costs
+- **Workflow Design**: Design workflows that minimize unnecessary LLM calls
+- **Tool Efficiency**: Create efficient tools that provide maximum value with minimal overhead
+- **Iterative Improvement**: Use feedback and metrics to continuously improve agent performance
+
+## Getting Help
+
+- **Documentation**: Each guide includes detailed examples and explanations
+- **Community**: Join the [CrewAI Forum](https://community.crewai.com) for discussions and support
+- **Examples**: Check the Examples section for complete working implementations
+- **Support**: Contact [support@crewai.com](mailto:support@crewai.com) for technical assistance
+
+Start with the guides that match your current needs and gradually explore more advanced topics as you become comfortable with the fundamentals. 

docs/mcp/crewai-mcp-integration.mdx

@@ -1,243 +0,0 @@
----
-title: 'MCP Servers as Tools in CrewAI'
-description: 'Learn how to integrate MCP servers as tools in your CrewAI agents using the `crewai-tools` library.'
-icon: 'plug'
----
-
-## Overview
-
-The [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/introduction) (MCP) provides a standardized way for AI agents to provide context to LLMs by communicating with external services, known as MCP Servers. 
-The `crewai-tools` library extends CrewAI's capabilities by allowing you to seamlessly integrate tools from these MCP servers into your agents. 
-This gives your crews access to a vast ecosystem of functionalities. For now, we support **Standard Input/Output** (Stdio) and **Server-Sent Events** (SSE) transport mechanisms. 
-
-<Info>
-We will also be integrating **Streamable HTTP** transport in the near future. 
-Streamable HTTP is designed for efficient, bi-directional communication over a single HTTP connection.
-</Info>
-
-## Video Tutorial
-Watch this video tutorial for a comprehensive guide on MCP integration with CrewAI:
-
-<iframe
-  width="100%"
-  height="400"
-  src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TpQ45lAZh48"
-  title="CrewAI MCP Integration Guide"
-  frameborder="0"
-  style={{ borderRadius: '10px' }}
-  allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"
-  allowfullscreen
-></iframe>
-
-## Installation
-
-Before you start using MCP with `crewai-tools`, you need to install the `mcp` extra `crewai-tools` dependency with the following command:
-
-```shell
-uv pip install 'crewai-tools[mcp]'
-```
-
-### Integrating MCP Tools with `MCPServerAdapter`
-
-The `MCPServerAdapter` class from `crewai-tools` is the primary way to connect to an MCP server and make its tools available to your CrewAI agents. 
-It supports different transport mechanisms, primarily **Stdio** (for local servers) and **SSE** (Server-Sent Events).You have two main options for managing the connection lifecycle:
-
-### Option 1: Fully Managed Connection (Recommended)
-
-Using a Python context manager (`with` statement) is the recommended approach. It automatically handles starting and stopping the connection to the MCP server.
-
-**For a local Stdio-based MCP server:**
-
-```python
-from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew
-from crewai_tools import MCPServerAdapter
-from mcp import StdioServerParameters
-import os
-
-server_params=StdioServerParameters(
-    command="uxv", # Or your python3 executable i.e. "python3"
-    args=["mock_server.py"],
-    env={"UV_PYTHON": "3.12", **os.environ},
-)
-
-with MCPServerAdapter(server_params) as tools:
-    print(f"Available tools from Stdio MCP server: {[tool.name for tool in tools]}")
-
-    # Example: Using the tools from the Stdio MCP server in a CrewAI Agent
-    agent = Agent(
-        role="Web Information Retriever",
-        goal="Scrape content from a specified URL.",
-        backstory="An AI that can fetch and process web page data via an MCP tool.",
-        tools=tools,
-        verbose=True,
-    )
-    task = Task(
-        description="Scrape content from a specified URL.",
-        expected_output="Scraped content from the specified URL.",
-        agent=agent,
-    )
-    crew = Crew(
-        agents=[agent],
-        tasks=[task],
-        verbose=True,
-    )
-    result = crew.kickoff()
-    print(result)
-```
-
-**For a remote SSE-based MCP server:**
-
-```python
-from crewai_tools import MCPServerAdapter
-from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew
-
-server_params = {"url": "http://localhost:8000/sse"}
-
-with MCPServerAdapter(server_params) as tools:
-    print(f"Available tools from SSE MCP server: {[tool.name for tool in tools]}")
-
-    # Example: Using the tools from the SSE MCP server in a CrewAI Agent
-    agent = Agent(
-        role="Web Information Retriever",
-        goal="Scrape content from a specified URL.",
-        backstory="An AI that can fetch and process web page data via an MCP tool.",
-        tools=tools,
-        verbose=True,
-    )
-    task = Task(
-        description="Scrape content from a specified URL.",
-        expected_output="Scraped content from the specified URL.",
-        agent=agent,
-    )
-    crew = Crew(
-        agents=[agent],
-        tasks=[task],
-        verbose=True,
-    )
-    result = crew.kickoff()
-    print(result)
-```
-
-### Option 2: More control over the MCP server connection lifecycle
-
-If you need finer-grained control over the MCP server connection lifecycle, you can instantiate `MCPServerAdapter` directly and manage its `start()` and `stop()` methods.
-
-<Info>
-You **MUST** call `mcp_server_adapter.stop()` to ensure the connection is closed and resources are released. Using a `try...finally` block is highly recommended.
-</Info>
-
-#### Stdio Transport Example (Manual)
-
-```python
-from mcp import StdioServerParameters
-from crewai_tools import MCPServerAdapter
-from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew
-import os
-
-stdio_params = StdioServerParameters(
-    command="uvx", # Or your python3 executable i.e. "python3"
-    args=["--quiet", "your-mcp-server@0.1.3"],
-    env={"UV_PYTHON": "3.12", **os.environ},
-)
-
-mcp_server_adapter = MCPServerAdapter(server_params=stdio_params)
-try:
-    mcp_server_adapter.start() # Manually start the connection
-    tools = mcp_server_adapter.tools
-    print(f"Available tools (manual Stdio): {[tool.name for tool in tools]}")
-
-    # Use 'tools' with your Agent, Task, Crew setup as in Option 1
-    agent = Agent(
-        role="Medical Researcher", 
-        goal="Find recent studies on a given topic using PubMed.", 
-        backstory="An AI assistant specialized in biomedical literature research.", 
-        tools=tools,
-        verbose=True 
-    )
-    
-    task = Task(
-        description="Search for recent articles on 'crispr gene editing'.",
-        expected_output="A summary of the top 3 recent articles.",
-        agent=agent
-    )
-    
-    crew = Crew(
-        agents=[agent],
-        tasks=[task],
-        verbose=True,
-        process=Process.sequential
-    )
-    
-    result = crew.kickoff()
-    print(result)
-finally:
-    print("Stopping Stdio MCP server connection (manual)...")
-    mcp_server_adapter.stop() # **Crucial: Ensure stop is called**
-```
-
-
-#### SSE Transport Example (Manual)
-
-```python
-from crewai_tools import MCPServerAdapter
-from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew, Process
-from mcp import StdioServerParameters
-
-
-server_params = {"url": "http://localhost:8000/sse"}
-
-try:
-    mcp_server_adapter = MCPServerAdapter(server_params)
-    mcp_server_adapter.start()
-    tools = mcp_server_adapter.tools
-    print(f"Available tools (manual SSE): {[tool.name for tool in tools]}")
-
-    agent = Agent(
-        role="Medical Researcher", 
-        goal="Find recent studies on a given topic using PubMed.", 
-        backstory="An AI assistant specialized in biomedical literature research.", 
-        tools=tools,
-        verbose=True 
-    )
-    
-    task = Task(
-        description="Search for recent articles on 'crispr gene editing'.",
-        expected_output="A summary of the top 3 recent articles.",
-        agent=agent
-    )
-    
-    crew = Crew(
-        agents=[agent],
-        tasks=[task],
-        verbose=True,
-        process=Process.sequential
-    )
-    
-    result = crew.kickoff()
-    print(result)
-finally:
-    print("Stopping SSE MCP server connection (manual)...")
-    mcp_server_adapter.stop() # **Crucial: Ensure stop is called**
-```
-
-## Staying Safe with MCP
-<Warning>
-Always ensure that you trust an MCP Server before using it.
-</Warning>
-
-#### Security Warning: DNS Rebinding Attacks
-SSE transports can be vulnerable to DNS rebinding attacks if not properly secured. 
-To prevent this:
-
-1. **Always validate Origin headers** on incoming SSE connections to ensure they come from expected sources
-2. **Avoid binding servers to all network interfaces** (0.0.0.0) when running locally - bind only to localhost (127.0.0.1) instead
-3. **Implement proper authentication** for all SSE connections
-
-Without these protections, attackers could use DNS rebinding to interact with local MCP servers from remote websites.
-
-For more details, see the [MCP Transport Security](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/concepts/transports#security-considerations) documentation.
-
-### Limitations
-*   **Supported Primitives**: Currently, `MCPServerAdapter` primarily supports adapting MCP `tools`. 
-Other MCP primitives like `prompts` or `resources` are not directly integrated as CrewAI components through this adapter at this time.
-*   **Output Handling**: The adapter typically processes the primary text output from an MCP tool (e.g., `.content[0].text`). Complex or multi-modal outputs might require custom handling if not fitting this pattern.

docs/mcp/multiple-servers.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+---
+title: Connecting to Multiple MCP Servers
+description: Learn how to use MCPServerAdapter in CrewAI to connect to multiple MCP servers simultaneously and aggregate their tools.
+icon: layer-group
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+`MCPServerAdapter` in `crewai-tools` allows you to connect to multiple MCP servers concurrently. This is useful when your agents need to access tools distributed across different services or environments. The adapter aggregates tools from all specified servers, making them available to your CrewAI agents.
+
+## Configuration
+
+To connect to multiple servers, you provide a list of server parameter dictionaries to `MCPServerAdapter`. Each dictionary in the list should define the parameters for one MCP server.
+
+Supported transport types for each server in the list include `stdio`, `sse`, and `streamable-http`.
+
+```python
+from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew, Process
+from crewai_tools import MCPServerAdapter
+from mcp import StdioServerParameters # Needed for Stdio example
+
+# Define parameters for multiple MCP servers
+server_params_list = [
+    # Streamable HTTP Server
+    {
+        "url": "http://localhost:8001/mcp", 
+        "transport": "streamable-http"
+    },
+    # SSE Server
+    {
+        "url": "http://localhost:8000/sse",
+        "transport": "sse"
+    },
+    # StdIO Server
+    StdioServerParameters(
+        command="python3",
+        args=["servers/your_stdio_server.py"],
+        env={"UV_PYTHON": "3.12", **os.environ},
+    )
+]
+
+try:
+    with MCPServerAdapter(server_params_list) as aggregated_tools:
+        print(f"Available aggregated tools: {[tool.name for tool in aggregated_tools]}")
+
+        multi_server_agent = Agent(
+            role="Versatile Assistant",
+            goal="Utilize tools from local Stdio, remote SSE, and remote HTTP MCP servers.",
+            backstory="An AI agent capable of leveraging a diverse set of tools from multiple sources.",
+            tools=aggregated_tools, # All tools are available here
+            verbose=True,
+        )
+
+        ... # Your other agent, tasks, and crew code here
+
+except Exception as e:
+    print(f"Error connecting to or using multiple MCP servers (Managed): {e}")
+    print("Ensure all MCP servers are running and accessible with correct configurations.")
+
+```
+
+## Connection Management
+
+When using the context manager (`with` statement), `MCPServerAdapter` handles the lifecycle (start and stop) of all connections to the configured MCP servers. This simplifies resource management and ensures that all connections are properly closed when the context is exited.

docs/mcp/overview.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+---
+title: 'MCP Servers as Tools in CrewAI'
+description: 'Learn how to integrate MCP servers as tools in your CrewAI agents using the `crewai-tools` library.'
+icon: plug
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+The [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/introduction) (MCP) provides a standardized way for AI agents to provide context to LLMs by communicating with external services, known as MCP Servers. 
+The `crewai-tools` library extends CrewAI's capabilities by allowing you to seamlessly integrate tools from these MCP servers into your agents. 
+This gives your crews access to a vast ecosystem of functionalities. 
+
+We currently support the following transport mechanisms: 
+
+- **Stdio**: for local servers (communication via standard input/output between processes on the same machine)
+- **Server-Sent Events (SSE)**: for remote servers (unidirectional, real-time data streaming from server to client over HTTP)
+- **Streamable HTTP**: for remote servers (flexible, potentially bi-directional communication over HTTP, often utilizing SSE for server-to-client streams)
+
+## Video Tutorial
+Watch this video tutorial for a comprehensive guide on MCP integration with CrewAI:
+
+<iframe
+  width="100%"
+  height="400"
+  src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TpQ45lAZh48"
+  title="CrewAI MCP Integration Guide"
+  frameborder="0"
+  style={{ borderRadius: '10px' }}
+  allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"
+  allowfullscreen
+></iframe>
+
+## Installation
+
+Before you start using MCP with `crewai-tools`, you need to install the `mcp` extra `crewai-tools` dependency with the following command:
+
+```shell
+uv pip install 'crewai-tools[mcp]'
+```
+
+## Key Concepts & Getting Started
+
+The `MCPServerAdapter` class from `crewai-tools` is the primary way to connect to an MCP server and make its tools available to your CrewAI agents. It supports different transport mechanisms and simplifies connection management.
+
+Using a Python context manager (`with` statement) is the **recommended approach** for `MCPServerAdapter`. It automatically handles starting and stopping the connection to the MCP server.
+
+```python
+from crewai import Agent
+from crewai_tools import MCPServerAdapter
+from mcp import StdioServerParameters # For Stdio Server
+
+# Example server_params (choose one based on your server type):
+# 1. Stdio Server:
+server_params=StdioServerParameters(
+    command="python3", 
+    args=["servers/your_server.py"],
+    env={"UV_PYTHON": "3.12", **os.environ},
+)
+
+# 2. SSE Server:
+server_params = {
+    "url": "http://localhost:8000/sse", 
+    "transport": "sse"
+}
+
+# 3. Streamable HTTP Server:
+server_params = {
+    "url": "http://localhost:8001/mcp", 
+    "transport": "streamable-http"
+}
+
+# Example usage (uncomment and adapt once server_params is set):
+with MCPServerAdapter(server_params) as mcp_tools:
+    print(f"Available tools: {[tool.name for tool in mcp_tools]}")
+    
+    my_agent = Agent(
+        role="MCP Tool User",
+        goal="Utilize tools from an MCP server.",
+        backstory="I can connect to MCP servers and use their tools.",
+        tools=mcp_tools, # Pass the loaded tools to your agent
+        reasoning=True,
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    # ... rest of your crew setup ...
+```
+This general pattern shows how to integrate tools. For specific examples tailored to each transport, refer to the detailed guides below.
+
+## Explore MCP Integrations
+
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card 
+    title="Stdio Transport" 
+    icon="server" 
+    href="/mcp/stdio"
+    color="#3B82F6"
+  >
+    Connect to local MCP servers via standard input/output. Ideal for scripts and local executables.
+  </Card>
+  <Card 
+    title="SSE Transport" 
+    icon="wifi" 
+    href="/mcp/sse"
+    color="#10B981"
+  >
+    Integrate with remote MCP servers using Server-Sent Events for real-time data streaming.
+  </Card>
+  <Card 
+    title="Streamable HTTP Transport" 
+    icon="globe" 
+    href="/mcp/streamable-http"
+    color="#F59E0B"
+  >
+    Utilize flexible Streamable HTTP for robust communication with remote MCP servers.
+  </Card>
+  <Card 
+    title="Connecting to Multiple Servers" 
+    icon="layer-group" 
+    href="/mcp/multiple-servers"
+    color="#8B5CF6"
+  >
+    Aggregate tools from several MCP servers simultaneously using a single adapter.
+  </Card>
+  <Card 
+    title="Security Considerations" 
+    icon="lock" 
+    href="/mcp/security"
+    color="#EF4444"
+  >
+    Review important security best practices for MCP integration to keep your agents safe.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+Checkout this repository for full demos and examples of MCP integration with CrewAI! 👇
+
+<Card 
+title="GitHub Repository"
+icon="github"
+href="https://github.com/tonykipkemboi/crewai-mcp-demo"
+target="_blank"
+>
+CrewAI MCP Demo
+</Card>
+
+## Staying Safe with MCP
+<Warning>
+Always ensure that you trust an MCP Server before using it.
+</Warning>
+
+#### Security Warning: DNS Rebinding Attacks
+SSE transports can be vulnerable to DNS rebinding attacks if not properly secured. 
+To prevent this:
+
+1. **Always validate Origin headers** on incoming SSE connections to ensure they come from expected sources
+2. **Avoid binding servers to all network interfaces** (0.0.0.0) when running locally - bind only to localhost (127.0.0.1) instead
+3. **Implement proper authentication** for all SSE connections
+
+Without these protections, attackers could use DNS rebinding to interact with local MCP servers from remote websites.
+
+For more details, see the [Anthropic's MCP Transport Security docs](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/concepts/transports#security-considerations).
+
+### Limitations
+*   **Supported Primitives**: Currently, `MCPServerAdapter` primarily supports adapting MCP `tools`. 
+Other MCP primitives like `prompts` or `resources` are not directly integrated as CrewAI components through this adapter at this time.
+*   **Output Handling**: The adapter typically processes the primary text output from an MCP tool (e.g., `.content[0].text`). Complex or multi-modal outputs might require custom handling if not fitting this pattern.

docs/mcp/security.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+---
+title: MCP Security Considerations
+description: Learn about important security best practices when integrating MCP servers with your CrewAI agents.
+icon: lock
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+<Warning>
+The most critical aspect of MCP security is **trust**. You should **only** connect your CrewAI agents to MCP servers that you fully trust.
+</Warning>
+
+When integrating external services like MCP (Model Context Protocol) servers into your CrewAI agents, security is paramount. 
+MCP servers can execute code, access data, or interact with other systems based on the tools they expose. 
+It's crucial to understand the implications and follow best practices to protect your applications and data.
+
+### Risks
+
+- Execute arbitrary code on the machine where the agent is running (especially with `Stdio` transport if the server can control the command executed).
+- Expose sensitive data from your agent or its environment.
+- Manipulate your agent's behavior in unintended ways, including making unauthorized API calls on your behalf.
+- Hijack your agent's reasoning process through sophisticated prompt injection techniques (see below).
+
+### 1. Trusting MCP Servers
+
+<Warning>
+**Only connect to MCP servers that you trust.**
+</Warning>
+
+Before configuring `MCPServerAdapter` to connect to an MCP server, ensure you know:
+- **Who operates the server?** Is it a known, reputable service, or an internal server under your control?
+- **What tools does it expose?** Understand the capabilities of the tools. Could they be misused if an attacker gained control or if the server itself is malicious?
+- **What data does it access or process?** Be aware of any sensitive information that might be sent to or handled by the MCP server.
+
+Avoid connecting to unknown or unverified MCP servers, especially if your agents handle sensitive tasks or data.
+
+### 2. Secure Prompt Injection via Tool Metadata: The "Model Control Protocol" Risk
+
+A significant and subtle risk is the potential for prompt injection through tool metadata. Here's how it works:
+
+1.  When your CrewAI agent connects to an MCP server, it typically requests a list of available tools.
+2.  The MCP server responds with metadata for each tool, including its name, description, and parameter descriptions.
+3.  Your agent's underlying Language Model (LLM) uses this metadata to understand how and when to use the tools. This metadata is often incorporated into the LLM's system prompt or context.
+4.  A malicious MCP server can craft its tool metadata (names, descriptions) to include hidden or overt instructions. These instructions can act as a prompt injection, effectively telling your LLM to behave in a certain way, reveal sensitive information, or perform malicious actions.
+
+**Crucially, this attack can occur simply by connecting to a malicious server and listing its tools, even if your agent never explicitly decides to *use* any of those tools.** The mere exposure to the malicious metadata can be enough to compromise the agent's behavior.
+
+**Mitigation:**
+
+*   **Extreme Caution with Untrusted Servers:** Reiterate: *Do not connect to MCP servers you do not fully trust.* The risk of metadata injection makes this paramount.
+
+### Stdio Transport Security
+
+Stdio (Standard Input/Output) transport is typically used for local MCP servers running on the same machine as your CrewAI application.
+
+- **Process Isolation**: While generally safer as it doesn't involve network exposure by default, ensure the script or command run by `StdioServerParameters` is from a trusted source and has appropriate file system permissions. A malicious Stdio server script could still harm your local system.
+- **Input Sanitization**: If your Stdio server script takes complex inputs derived from agent interactions, ensure the script itself sanitizes these inputs to prevent command injection or other vulnerabilities within the script's logic.
+- **Resource Limits**: Be mindful that a local Stdio server process consumes local resources (CPU, memory). Ensure it's well-behaved and won't exhaust system resources.
+
+### Confused Deputy Attacks
+
+The [Confused Deputy Problem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confused_deputy_problem) is a classic security vulnerability that can manifest in MCP integrations, especially when an MCP server acts as a proxy to other third-party services (e.g., Google Calendar, GitHub) that use OAuth 2.0 for authorization.
+
+**Scenario:**
+
+1.  An MCP server (let's call it `MCP-Proxy`) allows your agent to interact with `ThirdPartyAPI`.
+2.  `MCP-Proxy` uses its own single, static `client_id` when talking to `ThirdPartyAPI`'s authorization server.
+3.  You, as the user, legitimately authorize `MCP-Proxy` to access `ThirdPartyAPI` on your behalf. During this, `ThirdPartyAPI`'s auth server might set a cookie in your browser indicating your consent for `MCP-Proxy`'s `client_id`.
+4.  An attacker crafts a malicious link. This link initiates an OAuth flow with `MCP-Proxy`, but is designed to trick `ThirdPartyAPI`'s auth server.
+5.  If you click this link, and `ThirdPartyAPI`'s auth server sees your existing consent cookie for `MCP-Proxy`'s `client_id`, it might *skip* asking for your consent again.
+6.  `MCP-Proxy` might then be tricked into forwarding an authorization code (for `ThirdPartyAPI`) to the attacker, or an MCP authorization code that the attacker can use to impersonate you to `MCP-Proxy`.
+
+**Mitigation (Primarily for MCP Server Developers):**
+
+*   MCP proxy servers using static client IDs for downstream services **must** obtain explicit user consent for *each client application or agent* connecting to them *before* initiating an OAuth flow with the third-party service. This means `MCP-Proxy` itself should show a consent screen.
+
+**CrewAI User Implication:**
+
+*   Be cautious if an MCP server redirects you for multiple OAuth authentications, especially if it seems unexpected or if the permissions requested are overly broad.
+*   Prefer MCP servers that clearly delineate their own identity versus the third-party services they might proxy.
+
+### Remote Transport Security (SSE & Streamable HTTP)
+
+When connecting to remote MCP servers via Server-Sent Events (SSE) or Streamable HTTP, standard web security practices are essential.
+
+### SSE Security Considerations
+
+### a. DNS Rebinding Attacks (Especially for SSE)
+
+<Critical>
+**Protect against DNS Rebinding Attacks.**
+</Critical>
+
+DNS rebinding allows an attacker-controlled website to bypass the same-origin policy and make requests to servers on the user's local network (e.g., `localhost`) or intranet. This is particularly risky if you run an MCP server locally (e.g., for development) and an agent in a browser-like environment (though less common for typical CrewAI backend setups) or if the MCP server is on an internal network.
+
+**Mitigation Strategies for MCP Server Implementers:**
+- **Validate `Origin` and `Host` Headers**: MCP servers (especially SSE ones) should validate the `Origin` and/or `Host` HTTP headers to ensure requests are coming from expected domains/clients.
+- **Bind to `localhost` (127.0.0.1)**: When running MCP servers locally for development, bind them to `127.0.0.1` instead of `0.0.0.0`. This prevents them from being accessible from other machines on the network.
+- **Authentication**: Require authentication for all connections to your MCP server if it's not intended for public anonymous access.
+
+### b. Use HTTPS
+
+- **Encrypt Data in Transit**: Always use HTTPS (HTTP Secure) for the URLs of remote MCP servers. This encrypts the communication between your CrewAI application and the MCP server, protecting against eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. `MCPServerAdapter` will respect the scheme (`http` or `https`) provided in the URL.
+
+### c. Token Passthrough (Anti-Pattern)
+
+This is primarily a concern for MCP server developers but understanding it helps in choosing secure servers.
+
+"Token passthrough" is when an MCP server accepts an access token from your CrewAI agent (which might be a token for a *different* service, say `ServiceA`) and simply passes it through to another downstream API (`ServiceB`) without proper validation. Specifically, `ServiceB` (or the MCP server itself) should only accept tokens that were explicitly issued *for them* (i.e., the 'audience' claim in the token matches the server/service).
+
+**Risks:**
+
+*   Bypasses security controls (like rate limiting or fine-grained permissions) on the MCP server or the downstream API.
+*   Breaks audit trails and accountability.
+*   Allows misuse of stolen tokens.
+
+**Mitigation (For MCP Server Developers):**
+
+*   MCP servers **MUST NOT** accept tokens that were not explicitly issued for them. They must validate the token's audience claim.
+
+**CrewAI User Implication:**
+
+*   While not directly controllable by the user, this highlights the importance of connecting to well-designed MCP servers that adhere to security best practices.
+
+#### Authentication and Authorization
+
+- **Verify Identity**: If the MCP server provides sensitive tools or access to private data, it MUST implement strong authentication mechanisms to verify the identity of the client (your CrewAI application). This could involve API keys, OAuth tokens, or other standard methods.
+- **Principle of Least Privilege**: Ensure the credentials used by `MCPServerAdapter` (if any) have only the necessary permissions to access the required tools.
+
+### d. Input Validation and Sanitization
+
+- **Input Validation is Critical**: MCP servers **must** rigorously validate all inputs received from agents *before* processing them or passing them to tools. This is a primary defense against many common vulnerabilities:
+    - **Command Injection:** If a tool constructs shell commands, SQL queries, or other interpreted language statements based on input, the server must meticulously sanitize this input to prevent malicious commands from being injected and executed.
+    - **Path Traversal:** If a tool accesses files based on input parameters, the server must validate and sanitize these paths to prevent access to unauthorized files or directories (e.g., by blocking `../` sequences).
+    - **Data Type & Range Checks:** Servers must ensure that input data conforms to the expected data types (e.g., string, number, boolean) and falls within acceptable ranges or adheres to defined formats (e.g., regex for URLs).
+    - **JSON Schema Validation:** All tool parameters should be strictly validated against their defined JSON schema. This helps catch malformed requests early.
+- **Client-Side Awareness**: While server-side validation is paramount, as a CrewAI user, be mindful of the data your agents are constructed to send to MCP tools, especially if interacting with less-trusted or new MCP servers.
+
+### e. Rate Limiting and Resource Management
+
+- **Prevent Abuse**: MCP servers should implement rate limiting to prevent abuse, whether intentional (Denial of Service attacks) or unintentional (e.g., a misconfigured agent making too many requests).
+- **Client-Side Retries**: Implement sensible retry logic in your CrewAI tasks if transient network issues or server rate limits are expected, but avoid aggressive retries that could exacerbate server load.
+
+## 4. Secure MCP Server Implementation Advice (For Developers)
+
+If you are developing an MCP server that CrewAI agents might connect to, consider these best practices in addition to the points above:
+
+- **Follow Secure Coding Practices**: Adhere to standard secure coding principles for your chosen language and framework (e.g., OWASP Top 10).
+- **Principle of Least Privilege**: Ensure the process running the MCP server (especially for `Stdio`) has only the minimum necessary permissions. Tools themselves should also operate with the least privilege required to perform their function.
+- **Dependency Management**: Keep all server-side dependencies, including operating system packages, language runtimes, and third-party libraries, up-to-date to patch known vulnerabilities. Use tools to scan for vulnerable dependencies.
+- **Secure Defaults**: Design your server and its tools to be secure by default. For example, features that could be risky should be off by default or require explicit opt-in with clear warnings.
+- **Access Control for Tools**: Implement robust mechanisms to control which authenticated and authorized agents or users can access specific tools, especially those that are powerful, sensitive, or incur costs.
+- **Secure Error Handling**: Servers should not expose detailed internal error messages, stack traces, or debugging information to the client, as these can reveal internal workings or potential vulnerabilities. Log errors comprehensively on the server-side for diagnostics.
+- **Comprehensive Logging and Monitoring**: Implement detailed logging of security-relevant events (e.g., authentication attempts, tool invocations, errors, authorization changes). Monitor these logs for suspicious activity or abuse patterns.
+- **Adherence to MCP Authorization Spec**: If implementing authentication and authorization, strictly follow the [MCP Authorization specification](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/draft/basic/authorization) and relevant [OAuth 2.0 security best practices](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9700).
+- **Regular Security Audits**: If your MCP server handles sensitive data, performs critical operations, or is publicly exposed, consider periodic security audits by qualified professionals.
+
+## 5. Further Reading
+
+For more detailed information on MCP security, refer to the official documentation:
+- **[MCP Transport Security](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/concepts/transports#security-considerations)**
+
+By understanding these security considerations and implementing best practices, you can safely leverage the power of MCP servers in your CrewAI projects. 
+These are by no means exhaustive, but they cover the most common and critical security concerns. 
+The threats will continue to evolve, so it's important to stay informed and adapt your security measures accordingly.
+

docs/mcp/sse.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+---
+title: SSE Transport
+description: Learn how to connect CrewAI to remote MCP servers using Server-Sent Events (SSE) for real-time communication.
+icon: wifi
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+Server-Sent Events (SSE) provide a standard way for a web server to send updates to a client over a single, long-lived HTTP connection. In the context of MCP, SSE is used for remote servers to stream data (like tool responses) to your CrewAI application in real-time.
+
+## Key Concepts
+
+- **Remote Servers**: SSE is suitable for MCP servers hosted remotely.
+- **Unidirectional Stream**: Typically, SSE is a one-way communication channel from server to client.
+- **`MCPServerAdapter` Configuration**: For SSE, you'll provide the server's URL and specify the transport type.
+
+## Connecting via SSE
+
+You can connect to an SSE-based MCP server using two main approaches for managing the connection lifecycle:
+
+### 1. Fully Managed Connection (Recommended)
+
+Using a Python context manager (`with` statement) is the recommended approach. It automatically handles establishing and closing the connection to the SSE MCP server.
+
+```python
+from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew, Process
+from crewai_tools import MCPServerAdapter
+
+server_params = {
+    "url": "http://localhost:8000/sse", # Replace with your actual SSE server URL
+    "transport": "sse" 
+}
+
+# Using MCPServerAdapter with a context manager
+try:
+    with MCPServerAdapter(server_params) as tools:
+        print(f"Available tools from SSE MCP server: {[tool.name for tool in tools]}")
+
+        # Example: Using a tool from the SSE MCP server
+        sse_agent = Agent(
+            role="Remote Service User",
+            goal="Utilize a tool provided by a remote SSE MCP server.",
+            backstory="An AI agent that connects to external services via SSE.",
+            tools=tools,
+            reasoning=True,
+            verbose=True,
+        )
+
+        sse_task = Task(
+            description="Fetch real-time stock updates for 'AAPL' using an SSE tool.",
+            expected_output="The latest stock price for AAPL.",
+            agent=sse_agent,
+            markdown=True
+        )
+
+        sse_crew = Crew(
+            agents=[sse_agent],
+            tasks=[sse_task],
+            verbose=True,
+            process=Process.sequential
+        )
+        
+        if tools: # Only kickoff if tools were loaded
+            result = sse_crew.kickoff() # Add inputs={'stock_symbol': 'AAPL'} if tool requires it
+            print("\nCrew Task Result (SSE - Managed):\n", result)
+        else:
+            print("Skipping crew kickoff as tools were not loaded (check server connection).")
+
+except Exception as e:
+    print(f"Error connecting to or using SSE MCP server (Managed): {e}")
+    print("Ensure the SSE MCP server is running and accessible at the specified URL.")
+
+```
+
+<Note>
+Replace `"http://localhost:8000/sse"` with the actual URL of your SSE MCP server.
+</Note>
+
+### 2. Manual Connection Lifecycle
+
+If you need finer-grained control, you can manage the `MCPServerAdapter` connection lifecycle manually.
+
+<Info>
+You **MUST** call `mcp_server_adapter.stop()` to ensure the connection is closed and resources are released. Using a `try...finally` block is highly recommended.
+</Info>
+
+```python
+from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew, Process
+from crewai_tools import MCPServerAdapter
+
+server_params = {
+    "url": "http://localhost:8000/sse", # Replace with your actual SSE server URL
+    "transport": "sse"
+}
+
+mcp_server_adapter = None 
+try:
+    mcp_server_adapter = MCPServerAdapter(server_params)
+    mcp_server_adapter.start()
+    tools = mcp_server_adapter.tools
+    print(f"Available tools (manual SSE): {[tool.name for tool in tools]}")
+
+    manual_sse_agent = Agent(
+        role="Remote Data Analyst",
+        goal="Analyze data fetched from a remote SSE MCP server using manual connection management.",
+        backstory="An AI skilled in handling SSE connections explicitly.",
+        tools=tools,
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    
+    analysis_task = Task(
+        description="Fetch and analyze the latest user activity trends from the SSE server.",
+        expected_output="A summary report of user activity trends.",
+        agent=manual_sse_agent
+    )
+    
+    analysis_crew = Crew(
+        agents=[manual_sse_agent],
+        tasks=[analysis_task],
+        verbose=True,
+        process=Process.sequential
+    )
+    
+    result = analysis_crew.kickoff()
+    print("\nCrew Task Result (SSE - Manual):\n", result)
+
+except Exception as e:
+    print(f"An error occurred during manual SSE MCP integration: {e}")
+    print("Ensure the SSE MCP server is running and accessible.")
+finally:
+    if mcp_server_adapter and mcp_server_adapter.is_connected:
+        print("Stopping SSE MCP server connection (manual)...")
+        mcp_server_adapter.stop()  # **Crucial: Ensure stop is called**
+    elif mcp_server_adapter:
+        print("SSE MCP server adapter was not connected. No stop needed or start failed.")
+
+```
+
+## Security Considerations for SSE
+
+<Warning>
+**DNS Rebinding Attacks**: SSE transports can be vulnerable to DNS rebinding attacks if the MCP server is not properly secured. This could allow malicious websites to interact with local or intranet-based MCP servers.
+</Warning>
+
+To mitigate this risk:
+- MCP server implementations should **validate `Origin` headers** on incoming SSE connections.
+- When running local SSE MCP servers for development, **bind only to `localhost` (`127.0.0.1`)** rather than all network interfaces (`0.0.0.0`).
+- Implement **proper authentication** for all SSE connections if they expose sensitive tools or data.
+
+For a comprehensive overview of security best practices, please refer to our [Security Considerations](./security.mdx) page and the official [MCP Transport Security documentation](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/concepts/transports#security-considerations).

docs/mcp/stdio.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+---
+title: Stdio Transport
+description: Learn how to connect CrewAI to local MCP servers using the Stdio (Standard Input/Output) transport mechanism.
+icon: server
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+The Stdio (Standard Input/Output) transport is designed for connecting `MCPServerAdapter` to local MCP servers that communicate over their standard input and output streams. This is typically used when the MCP server is a script or executable running on the same machine as your CrewAI application.
+
+## Key Concepts
+
+- **Local Execution**: Stdio transport manages a locally running process for the MCP server.
+- **`StdioServerParameters`**: This class from the `mcp` library is used to configure the command, arguments, and environment variables for launching the Stdio server.
+
+## Connecting via Stdio
+
+You can connect to an Stdio-based MCP server using two main approaches for managing the connection lifecycle:
+
+### 1. Fully Managed Connection (Recommended)
+
+Using a Python context manager (`with` statement) is the recommended approach. It automatically handles starting the MCP server process and stopping it when the context is exited.
+
+```python
+from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew, Process
+from crewai_tools import MCPServerAdapter
+from mcp import StdioServerParameters
+import os
+
+# Create a StdioServerParameters object
+server_params=StdioServerParameters(
+    command="python3", 
+    args=["servers/your_stdio_server.py"],
+    env={"UV_PYTHON": "3.12", **os.environ},
+)
+
+with MCPServerAdapter(server_params) as tools:
+    print(f"Available tools from Stdio MCP server: {[tool.name for tool in tools]}")
+
+    # Example: Using the tools from the Stdio MCP server in a CrewAI Agent
+    research_agent = Agent(
+        role="Local Data Processor",
+        goal="Process data using a local Stdio-based tool.",
+        backstory="An AI that leverages local scripts via MCP for specialized tasks.",
+        tools=tools,
+        reasoning=True,
+        verbose=True,
+    )
+    
+    processing_task = Task(
+        description="Process the input data file 'data.txt' and summarize its contents.",
+        expected_output="A summary of the processed data.",
+        agent=research_agent,
+        markdown=True
+    )
+    
+    data_crew = Crew(
+        agents=[research_agent],
+        tasks=[processing_task],
+        verbose=True,
+        process=Process.sequential 
+    )
+   
+    result = data_crew.kickoff()
+    print("\nCrew Task Result (Stdio - Managed):\n", result)
+
+```
+
+### 2. Manual Connection Lifecycle
+
+If you need finer-grained control over when the Stdio MCP server process is started and stopped, you can manage the `MCPServerAdapter` lifecycle manually.
+
+<Info>
+You **MUST** call `mcp_server_adapter.stop()` to ensure the server process is terminated and resources are released. Using a `try...finally` block is highly recommended.
+</Info>
+
+```python
+from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew, Process
+from crewai_tools import MCPServerAdapter
+from mcp import StdioServerParameters
+import os
+
+# Create a StdioServerParameters object
+stdio_params=StdioServerParameters(
+    command="python3", 
+    args=["servers/your_stdio_server.py"],
+    env={"UV_PYTHON": "3.12", **os.environ},
+)
+
+mcp_server_adapter = MCPServerAdapter(server_params=stdio_params)
+try:
+    mcp_server_adapter.start()  # Manually start the connection and server process
+    tools = mcp_server_adapter.tools
+    print(f"Available tools (manual Stdio): {[tool.name for tool in tools]}")
+
+    # Example: Using the tools with your Agent, Task, Crew setup
+    manual_agent = Agent(
+        role="Local Task Executor",
+        goal="Execute a specific local task using a manually managed Stdio tool.",
+        backstory="An AI proficient in controlling local processes via MCP.",
+        tools=tools,
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    
+    manual_task = Task(
+        description="Execute the 'perform_analysis' command via the Stdio tool.",
+        expected_output="Results of the analysis.",
+        agent=manual_agent
+    )
+    
+    manual_crew = Crew(
+        agents=[manual_agent],
+        tasks=[manual_task],
+        verbose=True,
+        process=Process.sequential
+    )
+        
+       
+    result = manual_crew.kickoff() # Actual inputs depend on your tool
+    print("\nCrew Task Result (Stdio - Manual):\n", result)
+            
+except Exception as e:
+    print(f"An error occurred during manual Stdio MCP integration: {e}")
+finally:
+    if mcp_server_adapter and mcp_server_adapter.is_connected: # Check if connected before stopping
+        print("Stopping Stdio MCP server connection (manual)...")
+        mcp_server_adapter.stop()  # **Crucial: Ensure stop is called**
+    elif mcp_server_adapter: # If adapter exists but not connected (e.g. start failed)
+        print("Stdio MCP server adapter was not connected. No stop needed or start failed.")
+
+```
+
+Remember to replace placeholder paths and commands with your actual Stdio server details. The `env` parameter in `StdioServerParameters` can 
+be used to set environment variables for the server process, which can be useful for configuring its behavior or providing necessary paths (like `PYTHONPATH`).

docs/mcp/streamable-http.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+---
+title: Streamable HTTP Transport
+description: Learn how to connect CrewAI to remote MCP servers using the flexible Streamable HTTP transport.
+icon: globe
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+Streamable HTTP transport provides a flexible way to connect to remote MCP servers. It's often built upon HTTP and can support various communication patterns, including request-response and streaming, sometimes utilizing Server-Sent Events (SSE) for server-to-client streams within a broader HTTP interaction.
+
+## Key Concepts
+
+- **Remote Servers**: Designed for MCP servers hosted remotely.
+- **Flexibility**: Can support more complex interaction patterns than plain SSE, potentially including bi-directional communication if the server implements it.
+- **`MCPServerAdapter` Configuration**: You'll need to provide the server's base URL for MCP communication and specify `"streamable-http"` as the transport type.
+
+## Connecting via Streamable HTTP
+
+You have two primary methods for managing the connection lifecycle with a Streamable HTTP MCP server:
+
+### 1. Fully Managed Connection (Recommended)
+
+The recommended approach is to use a Python context manager (`with` statement), which handles the connection's setup and teardown automatically.
+
+```python
+from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew, Process
+from crewai_tools import MCPServerAdapter
+
+server_params = {
+    "url": "http://localhost:8001/mcp", # Replace with your actual Streamable HTTP server URL
+    "transport": "streamable-http"
+}
+
+try:
+    with MCPServerAdapter(server_params) as tools:
+        print(f"Available tools from Streamable HTTP MCP server: {[tool.name for tool in tools]}")
+
+        http_agent = Agent(
+            role="HTTP Service Integrator",
+            goal="Utilize tools from a remote MCP server via Streamable HTTP.",
+            backstory="An AI agent adept at interacting with complex web services.",
+            tools=tools,
+            verbose=True,
+        )
+
+        http_task = Task(
+            description="Perform a complex data query using a tool from the Streamable HTTP server.",
+            expected_output="The result of the complex data query.",
+            agent=http_agent,
+        )
+
+        http_crew = Crew(
+            agents=[http_agent],
+            tasks=[http_task],
+            verbose=True,
+            process=Process.sequential
+        )
+        
+        result = http_crew.kickoff() 
+        print("\nCrew Task Result (Streamable HTTP - Managed):\n", result)
+
+except Exception as e:
+    print(f"Error connecting to or using Streamable HTTP MCP server (Managed): {e}")
+    print("Ensure the Streamable HTTP MCP server is running and accessible at the specified URL.")
+
+```
+**Note:** Replace `"http://localhost:8001/mcp"` with the actual URL of your Streamable HTTP MCP server.
+
+### 2. Manual Connection Lifecycle
+
+For scenarios requiring more explicit control, you can manage the `MCPServerAdapter` connection manually.
+
+<Info>
+It is **critical** to call `mcp_server_adapter.stop()` when you are done to close the connection and free up resources. A `try...finally` block is the safest way to ensure this.
+</Info>
+
+```python
+from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew, Process
+from crewai_tools import MCPServerAdapter
+
+server_params = {
+    "url": "http://localhost:8001/mcp", # Replace with your actual Streamable HTTP server URL
+    "transport": "streamable-http"
+}
+
+mcp_server_adapter = None 
+try:
+    mcp_server_adapter = MCPServerAdapter(server_params)
+    mcp_server_adapter.start()
+    tools = mcp_server_adapter.tools
+    print(f"Available tools (manual Streamable HTTP): {[tool.name for tool in tools]}")
+
+    manual_http_agent = Agent(
+        role="Advanced Web Service User",
+        goal="Interact with an MCP server using manually managed Streamable HTTP connections.",
+        backstory="An AI specialist in fine-tuning HTTP-based service integrations.",
+        tools=tools,
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    
+    data_processing_task = Task(
+        description="Submit data for processing and retrieve results via Streamable HTTP.",
+        expected_output="Processed data or confirmation.",
+        agent=manual_http_agent
+    )
+    
+    data_crew = Crew(
+        agents=[manual_http_agent],
+        tasks=[data_processing_task],
+        verbose=True,
+        process=Process.sequential
+    )
+    
+    result = data_crew.kickoff()
+    print("\nCrew Task Result (Streamable HTTP - Manual):\n", result)
+
+except Exception as e:
+    print(f"An error occurred during manual Streamable HTTP MCP integration: {e}")
+    print("Ensure the Streamable HTTP MCP server is running and accessible.")
+finally:
+    if mcp_server_adapter and mcp_server_adapter.is_connected:
+        print("Stopping Streamable HTTP MCP server connection (manual)...")
+        mcp_server_adapter.stop()  # **Crucial: Ensure stop is called**
+    elif mcp_server_adapter:
+        print("Streamable HTTP MCP server adapter was not connected. No stop needed or start failed.")
+```
+
+## Security Considerations
+
+When using Streamable HTTP transport, general web security best practices are paramount:
+- **Use HTTPS**: Always prefer HTTPS (HTTP Secure) for your MCP server URLs to encrypt data in transit.
+- **Authentication**: Implement robust authentication mechanisms if your MCP server exposes sensitive tools or data.
+- **Input Validation**: Ensure your MCP server validates all incoming requests and parameters.
+
+For a comprehensive guide on securing your MCP integrations, please refer to our [Security Considerations](./security.mdx) page and the official [MCP Transport Security documentation](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/concepts/transports#security-considerations).

docs/observability/overview.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+---
+title: "Overview"
+description: "Monitor, evaluate, and optimize your CrewAI agents with comprehensive observability tools"
+icon: "face-smile"
+---
+
+## Observability for CrewAI
+
+Observability is crucial for understanding how your CrewAI agents perform, identifying bottlenecks, and ensuring reliable operation in production environments. This section covers various tools and platforms that provide monitoring, evaluation, and optimization capabilities for your agent workflows.
+
+## Why Observability Matters
+
+- **Performance Monitoring**: Track agent execution times, token usage, and resource consumption
+- **Quality Assurance**: Evaluate output quality and consistency across different scenarios
+- **Debugging**: Identify and resolve issues in agent behavior and task execution
+- **Cost Management**: Monitor LLM API usage and associated costs
+- **Continuous Improvement**: Gather insights to optimize agent performance over time
+
+## Available Observability Tools
+
+### Monitoring & Tracing Platforms
+
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card title="AgentOps" icon="paperclip" href="/observability/agentops">
+    Session replays, metrics, and monitoring for agent development and production.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="OpenLIT" icon="magnifying-glass-chart" href="/observability/openlit">
+    OpenTelemetry-native monitoring with cost tracking and performance analytics.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="MLflow" icon="bars-staggered" href="/observability/mlflow">
+    Machine learning lifecycle management with tracing and evaluation capabilities.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Langfuse" icon="link" href="/observability/langfuse">
+    LLM engineering platform with detailed tracing and analytics.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Langtrace" icon="chart-line" href="/observability/langtrace">
+    Open-source observability for LLMs and agent frameworks.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Arize Phoenix" icon="meteor" href="/observability/arize-phoenix">
+    AI observability platform for monitoring and troubleshooting.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Portkey" icon="key" href="/observability/portkey">
+    AI gateway with comprehensive monitoring and reliability features.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Opik" icon="meteor" href="/observability/opik">
+    Debug, evaluate, and monitor LLM applications with comprehensive tracing.
+  </Card>
+
+  <Card title="Weave" icon="network-wired" href="/observability/weave">
+    Weights & Biases platform for tracking and evaluating AI applications.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+### Evaluation & Quality Assurance
+
+<CardGroup cols={2}>
+  <Card title="Patronus AI" icon="shield-check" href="/observability/patronus-evaluation">
+    Comprehensive evaluation platform for LLM outputs and agent behaviors.
+  </Card>
+</CardGroup>
+
+## Key Observability Metrics
+
+### Performance Metrics
+- **Execution Time**: How long agents take to complete tasks
+- **Token Usage**: Input/output tokens consumed by LLM calls
+- **API Latency**: Response times from external services
+- **Success Rate**: Percentage of successfully completed tasks
+
+### Quality Metrics
+- **Output Accuracy**: Correctness of agent responses
+- **Consistency**: Reliability across similar inputs
+- **Relevance**: How well outputs match expected results
+- **Safety**: Compliance with content policies and guidelines
+
+### Cost Metrics
+- **API Costs**: Expenses from LLM provider usage
+- **Resource Utilization**: Compute and memory consumption
+- **Cost per Task**: Economic efficiency of agent operations
+- **Budget Tracking**: Monitoring against spending limits
+
+## Getting Started
+
+1. **Choose Your Tools**: Select observability platforms that match your needs
+2. **Instrument Your Code**: Add monitoring to your CrewAI applications
+3. **Set Up Dashboards**: Configure visualizations for key metrics
+4. **Define Alerts**: Create notifications for important events
+5. **Establish Baselines**: Measure initial performance for comparison
+6. **Iterate and Improve**: Use insights to optimize your agents
+
+## Best Practices
+
+### Development Phase
+- Use detailed tracing to understand agent behavior
+- Implement evaluation metrics early in development
+- Monitor resource usage during testing
+- Set up automated quality checks
+
+### Production Phase
+- Implement comprehensive monitoring and alerting
+- Track performance trends over time
+- Monitor for anomalies and degradation
+- Maintain cost visibility and control
+
+### Continuous Improvement
+- Regular performance reviews and optimization
+- A/B testing of different agent configurations
+- Feedback loops for quality improvement
+- Documentation of lessons learned
+
+Choose the observability tools that best fit your use case, infrastructure, and monitoring requirements to ensure your CrewAI agents perform reliably and efficiently. 

docs/observability/patronus-evaluation.mdx

@@ -1,16 +1,26 @@
 ---
-title: Patronus Evaluation Tools
-description: The Patronus evaluation tools enable CrewAI agents to evaluate and score model inputs and outputs using the Patronus AI platform.
-icon: check
+title: Patronus AI Evaluation
+description: Monitor and evaluate CrewAI agent performance using Patronus AI's comprehensive evaluation platform for LLM outputs and agent behaviors.
+icon: shield-check
 ---
 
-# `Patronus Evaluation Tools`
+# Patronus AI Evaluation
 
-## Description
+## Overview
 
-The [Patronus evaluation tools](https://patronus.ai) are designed to enable CrewAI agents to evaluate and score model inputs and outputs using the Patronus AI platform. These tools provide different levels of control over the evaluation process, from allowing agents to select the most appropriate evaluator and criteria to using predefined criteria or custom local evaluators.
+[Patronus AI](https://patronus.ai) provides comprehensive evaluation and monitoring capabilities for CrewAI agents, enabling you to assess model outputs, agent behaviors, and overall system performance. This integration allows you to implement continuous evaluation workflows that help maintain quality and reliability in production environments.
 
-There are three main Patronus evaluation tools:
+## Key Features
+
+- **Automated Evaluation**: Real-time assessment of agent outputs and behaviors
+- **Custom Criteria**: Define specific evaluation criteria tailored to your use cases  
+- **Performance Monitoring**: Track agent performance metrics over time
+- **Quality Assurance**: Ensure consistent output quality across different scenarios
+- **Safety & Compliance**: Monitor for potential issues and policy violations
+
+## Evaluation Tools
+
+Patronus provides three main evaluation tools for different use cases:
 
 1. **PatronusEvalTool**: Allows agents to select the most appropriate evaluator and criteria for the evaluation task.
 2. **PatronusPredefinedCriteriaEvalTool**: Uses predefined evaluator and criteria specified by the user.

docs/tools/ai-ml/overview.mdx

@@ -37,9 +37,7 @@ These tools integrate with AI and machine learning services to enhance your agen
     Execute Python code and perform data analysis.
   </Card>
 
-  <Card title="Patronus Tools" icon="shield" href="/tools/ai-ml/patronustools">
-    AI safety and content moderation capabilities.
-  </Card>
+
 </CardGroup>
 
 ## **Common Use Cases**

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 [project]
 name = "crewai"
-version = "0.121.0"
+version = "0.121.1"
 description = "Cutting-edge framework for orchestrating role-playing, autonomous AI agents. By fostering collaborative intelligence, CrewAI empowers agents to work together seamlessly, tackling complex tasks."
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.13"
+requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.14"
 authors = [
     { name = "Joao Moura", email = "joao@crewai.com" }
 ]
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ dependencies = [
     "opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-http>=1.30.0",
     # Data Handling
     "chromadb>=0.5.23",
+    "tokenizers>=0.20.3",
+    "onnxruntime==1.22.0",
     "openpyxl>=3.1.5",
     "pyvis>=0.3.2",
     # Authentication and Security
@@ -47,10 +49,9 @@ Repository = "https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI"
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 tools = ["crewai-tools~=0.45.0"]
 embeddings = [
-    "tiktoken~=0.7.0"
+    "tiktoken~=0.8.0"
 ]
 agentops = ["agentops>=0.3.0"]
-fastembed = ["fastembed>=0.4.1"]
 pdfplumber = [
     "pdfplumber>=0.11.4",
 ]
@@ -100,6 +101,27 @@ exclude = ["cli/templates"]
 [tool.bandit]
 exclude_dirs = ["src/crewai/cli/templates"]
 
+# PyTorch index configuration, since torch 2.5.0 is not compatible with python 3.13
+[[tool.uv.index]]
+name = "pytorch-nightly"
+url = "https://download.pytorch.org/whl/nightly/cpu"
+explicit = true
+
+[[tool.uv.index]]
+name = "pytorch"
+url = "https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu"
+explicit = true
+
+[tool.uv.sources]
+torch = [
+  { index = "pytorch-nightly", marker = "python_version >= '3.13'" },
+  { index = "pytorch", marker = "python_version < '3.13'" },
+]
+torchvision = [
+  { index = "pytorch-nightly", marker = "python_version >= '3.13'" },
+  { index = "pytorch", marker = "python_version < '3.13'" },
+]
+
 [build-system]
 requires = ["hatchling"]
 build-backend = "hatchling.build"

src/crewai/__init__.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ warnings.filterwarnings(
     category=UserWarning,
     module="pydantic.main",
 )
-__version__ = "0.121.0"
+__version__ = "0.121.1"
 __all__ = [
     "Agent",
     "Crew",

src/crewai/agents/crew_agent_executor.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import json
-import re
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Union
 
 from crewai.agents.agent_builder.base_agent import BaseAgent

src/crewai/cli/templates/crew/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description = "{{name}} using crewAI"
 authors = [{ name = "Your Name", email = "you@example.com" }]
 requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.13"
 dependencies = [
-    "crewai[tools]>=0.121.0,<1.0.0"
+    "crewai[tools]>=0.121.1,<1.0.0"
 ]
 
 [project.scripts]

src/crewai/cli/templates/flow/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description = "{{name}} using crewAI"
 authors = [{ name = "Your Name", email = "you@example.com" }]
 requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.13"
 dependencies = [
-    "crewai[tools]>=0.121.0,<1.0.0",
+    "crewai[tools]>=0.121.1,<1.0.0",
 ]
 
 [project.scripts]

src/crewai/cli/templates/tool/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description = "Power up your crews with {{folder_name}}"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.13"
 dependencies = [
-    "crewai[tools]>=0.121.0"
+    "crewai[tools]>=0.121.1"
 ]
 
 [tool.crewai]

src/crewai/knowledge/embedder/fastembed.py

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Optional, Union
-
-import numpy as np
-
-from .base_embedder import BaseEmbedder
-
-try:
-    from fastembed_gpu import TextEmbedding  # type: ignore
-
-    FASTEMBED_AVAILABLE = True
-except ImportError:
-    try:
-        from fastembed import TextEmbedding
-
-        FASTEMBED_AVAILABLE = True
-    except ImportError:
-        FASTEMBED_AVAILABLE = False
-
-
-class FastEmbed(BaseEmbedder):
-    """
-    A wrapper class for text embedding models using FastEmbed
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        model_name: str = "BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5",
-        cache_dir: Optional[Union[str, Path]] = None,
-    ):
-        """
-        Initialize the embedding model
-
-        Args:
-            model_name: Name of the model to use
-            cache_dir: Directory to cache the model
-            gpu: Whether to use GPU acceleration
-        """
-        if not FASTEMBED_AVAILABLE:
-            raise ImportError(
-                "FastEmbed is not installed. Please install it with: "
-                "uv pip install fastembed or uv pip install fastembed-gpu for GPU support"
-            )
-
-        self.model = TextEmbedding(
-            model_name=model_name,
-            cache_dir=str(cache_dir) if cache_dir else None,
-        )
-
-    def embed_chunks(self, chunks: List[str]) -> List[np.ndarray]:
-        """
-        Generate embeddings for a list of text chunks
-
-        Args:
-            chunks: List of text chunks to embed
-
-        Returns:
-            List of embeddings
-        """
-        embeddings = list(self.model.embed(chunks))
-        return embeddings
-
-    def embed_texts(self, texts: List[str]) -> List[np.ndarray]:
-        """
-        Generate embeddings for a list of texts
-
-        Args:
-            texts: List of texts to embed
-
-        Returns:
-            List of embeddings
-        """
-        embeddings = list(self.model.embed(texts))
-        return embeddings
-
-    def embed_text(self, text: str) -> np.ndarray:
-        """
-        Generate embedding for a single text
-
-        Args:
-            text: Text to embed
-
-        Returns:
-            Embedding array
-        """
-        return self.embed_texts([text])[0]
-
-    @property
-    def dimension(self) -> int:
-        """Get the dimension of the embeddings"""
-        # Generate a test embedding to get dimensions
-        test_embed = self.embed_text("test")
-        return len(test_embed)

src/crewai/llm.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import sys
 import threading
 import warnings
 from collections import defaultdict
-from contextlib import contextmanager, redirect_stderr, redirect_stdout
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 from typing import (
     Any,
     DefaultDict,
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from typing import (
     Union,
     cast,
 )
-
+from datetime import datetime
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
 from litellm.types.utils import ChatCompletionDeltaToolCall
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ from crewai.utilities.events.llm_events import (
     LLMCallType,
     LLMStreamChunkEvent,
 )
+from crewai.utilities.events.tool_usage_events import (
+    ToolUsageStartedEvent,
+    ToolUsageFinishedEvent,
+    ToolUsageErrorEvent,
+)
 
 with warnings.catch_warnings():
     warnings.simplefilter("ignore", UserWarning)
@@ -67,33 +72,72 @@ class FilteredStream(io.TextIOBase):
             self._lock = threading.Lock()
 
         with self._lock:
-            # Filter out extraneous messages from LiteLLM
+            lower_s = s.lower()
+
+            # Skip common noisy LiteLLM banners and any other lines that contain "litellm"
             if (
-                "Give Feedback / Get Help: https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm/issues/new"
-                in s
-                or "LiteLLM.Info: If you need to debug this error, use `litellm._turn_on_debug()`"
-                in s
+                "give feedback / get help" in lower_s
+                or "litellm.info:" in lower_s
+                or "litellm" in lower_s
+                or "Consider using a smaller input or implementing a text splitting strategy" in lower_s
             ):
                 return 0
+
             return self._original_stream.write(s)
 
     def flush(self):
         with self._lock:
             return self._original_stream.flush()
 
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        """Delegate attribute access to the wrapped original stream.
+
+        This ensures compatibility with libraries (e.g., Rich) that rely on
+        attributes such as `encoding`, `isatty`, `buffer`, etc., which may not
+        be explicitly defined on this proxy class.
+        """
+        return getattr(self._original_stream, name)
+
+    # Delegate common properties/methods explicitly so they aren't shadowed by
+    # the TextIOBase defaults (e.g., .encoding returns None by default, which
+    # confuses Rich). These explicit pass-throughs ensure the wrapped Console
+    # still sees a fully-featured stream.
+    @property
+    def encoding(self):
+        return getattr(self._original_stream, "encoding", "utf-8")
+
+    def isatty(self):
+        return self._original_stream.isatty()
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self._original_stream.fileno()
+
+    def writable(self):
+        return True
+
+
+# Apply the filtered stream globally so that any subsequent writes containing the filtered
+# keywords (e.g., "litellm") are hidden from terminal output. We guard against double
+# wrapping to ensure idempotency in environments where this module might be reloaded.
+if not isinstance(sys.stdout, FilteredStream):
+    sys.stdout = FilteredStream(sys.stdout)
+if not isinstance(sys.stderr, FilteredStream):
+    sys.stderr = FilteredStream(sys.stderr)
+
 
 LLM_CONTEXT_WINDOW_SIZES = {
     # openai
     "gpt-4": 8192,
     "gpt-4o": 128000,
-    "gpt-4o-mini": 128000,
+    "gpt-4o-mini": 200000,
     "gpt-4-turbo": 128000,
     "gpt-4.1": 1047576,  # Based on official docs
     "gpt-4.1-mini-2025-04-14": 1047576,
     "gpt-4.1-nano-2025-04-14": 1047576,
     "o1-preview": 128000,
     "o1-mini": 128000,
-    "o3-mini": 200000,  # Based on official o3-mini specifications
+    "o3-mini": 200000,
+    "o4-mini": 200000,
     # gemini
     "gemini-2.0-flash": 1048576,
     "gemini-2.0-flash-thinking-exp-01-21": 32768,
@@ -208,7 +252,7 @@ LLM_CONTEXT_WINDOW_SIZES = {
 }
 
 DEFAULT_CONTEXT_WINDOW_SIZE = 8192
-CONTEXT_WINDOW_USAGE_RATIO = 0.75
+CONTEXT_WINDOW_USAGE_RATIO = 0.85
 
 
 @contextmanager
@@ -219,12 +263,7 @@ def suppress_warnings():
             "ignore", message="open_text is deprecated*", category=DeprecationWarning
         )
 
-        # Redirect stdout and stderr
-        with (
-            redirect_stdout(FilteredStream(sys.stdout)),
-            redirect_stderr(FilteredStream(sys.stderr)),
-        ):
-            yield
+        yield
 
 
 class Delta(TypedDict):
@@ -799,7 +838,26 @@ class LLM(BaseLLM):
                 fn = available_functions[function_name]
 
                 # --- 3.2) Execute function
+                assert hasattr(crewai_event_bus, "emit")
+                started_at = datetime.now()
+                crewai_event_bus.emit(
+                    self,
+                    event=ToolUsageStartedEvent(
+                        tool_name=function_name,
+                        tool_args=function_args,
+                    ),
+                )
                 result = fn(**function_args)
+                crewai_event_bus.emit(
+                    self,
+                    event=ToolUsageFinishedEvent(
+                        output=result,
+                        tool_name=function_name,
+                        tool_args=function_args,
+                        started_at=started_at,
+                        finished_at=datetime.now(),
+                    ),
+                )
 
                 # --- 3.3) Emit success event
                 self._handle_emit_call_events(result, LLMCallType.TOOL_CALL)
@@ -815,6 +873,14 @@ class LLM(BaseLLM):
                     self,
                     event=LLMCallFailedEvent(error=f"Tool execution error: {str(e)}"),
                 )
+                crewai_event_bus.emit(
+                    self,
+                    event=ToolUsageErrorEvent(
+                        tool_name=function_name,
+                        tool_args=function_args,
+                        error=f"Tool execution error: {str(e)}"
+                    ),
+                )
         return None
 
     def call(

src/crewai/tools/base_tool.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import asyncio
-import warnings
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from inspect import signature
 from typing import Any, Callable, Type, get_args, get_origin
@@ -36,6 +35,10 @@ class BaseTool(BaseModel, ABC):
     """Function that will be used to determine if the tool should be cached, should return a boolean. If None, the tool will be cached."""
     result_as_answer: bool = False
     """Flag to check if the tool should be the final agent answer."""
+    max_usage_count: int | None = None
+    """Maximum number of times this tool can be used. None means unlimited usage."""
+    current_usage_count: int = 0
+    """Current number of times this tool has been used."""
 
     @field_validator("args_schema", mode="before")
     @classmethod
@@ -54,6 +57,13 @@ class BaseTool(BaseModel, ABC):
                 },
             },
         )
+        
+    @field_validator("max_usage_count", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_max_usage_count(cls, v: int | None) -> int | None:
+        if v is not None and v <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("max_usage_count must be a positive integer")
+        return v
 
     def model_post_init(self, __context: Any) -> None:
         self._generate_description()
@@ -70,9 +80,15 @@ class BaseTool(BaseModel, ABC):
 
         # If _run is async, we safely run it
         if asyncio.iscoroutine(result):
-            return asyncio.run(result)
-
+            result = asyncio.run(result)
+            
+        self.current_usage_count += 1
+        
         return result
+        
+    def reset_usage_count(self) -> None:
+        """Reset the current usage count to zero."""
+        self.current_usage_count = 0
 
     @abstractmethod
     def _run(
@@ -91,6 +107,8 @@ class BaseTool(BaseModel, ABC):
             args_schema=self.args_schema,
             func=self._run,
             result_as_answer=self.result_as_answer,
+            max_usage_count=self.max_usage_count,
+            current_usage_count=self.current_usage_count,
         )
 
     @classmethod
@@ -251,13 +269,14 @@ def to_langchain(
     return [t.to_structured_tool() if isinstance(t, BaseTool) else t for t in tools]
 
 
-def tool(*args, result_as_answer=False):
+def tool(*args, result_as_answer: bool = False, max_usage_count: int | None = None) -> Callable:
     """
     Decorator to create a tool from a function.
     
     Args:
         *args: Positional arguments, either the function to decorate or the tool name.
         result_as_answer: Flag to indicate if the tool result should be used as the final agent answer.
+        max_usage_count: Maximum number of times this tool can be used. None means unlimited usage.
     """
 
     def _make_with_name(tool_name: str) -> Callable:
@@ -284,6 +303,8 @@ def tool(*args, result_as_answer=False):
                 func=f,
                 args_schema=args_schema,
                 result_as_answer=result_as_answer,
+                max_usage_count=max_usage_count,
+                current_usage_count=0,
             )
 
         return _make_tool

src/crewai/tools/structured_tool.py

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ class CrewStructuredTool:
         args_schema: type[BaseModel],
         func: Callable[..., Any],
         result_as_answer: bool = False,
+        max_usage_count: int | None = None,
+        current_usage_count: int = 0,
     ) -> None:
         """Initialize the structured tool.
 
@@ -32,6 +34,8 @@ class CrewStructuredTool:
             args_schema: The pydantic model for the tool's arguments
             func: The function to run when the tool is called
             result_as_answer: Whether to return the output directly
+            max_usage_count: Maximum number of times this tool can be used. None means unlimited usage.
+            current_usage_count: Current number of times this tool has been used.
         """
         self.name = name
         self.description = description
@@ -39,6 +43,8 @@ class CrewStructuredTool:
         self.func = func
         self._logger = Logger()
         self.result_as_answer = result_as_answer
+        self.max_usage_count = max_usage_count
+        self.current_usage_count = current_usage_count
 
         # Validate the function signature matches the schema
         self._validate_function_signature()

src/crewai/tools/tool_usage.py

@@ -200,6 +200,17 @@ class ToolUsage:
             None,
         )
 
+        usage_limit_error = self._check_usage_limit(available_tool, tool.name)
+        if usage_limit_error:
+            try:
+                result = usage_limit_error
+                self._telemetry.tool_usage_error(llm=self.function_calling_llm)
+                result = self._format_result(result=result)
+                return result
+            except Exception:
+                if self.task:
+                    self.task.increment_tools_errors()
+
         if result is None:
             try:
                 if calling.tool_name in [
@@ -300,6 +311,14 @@ class ToolUsage:
         if self.agent and hasattr(self.agent, "tools_results"):
             self.agent.tools_results.append(data)
 
+        if available_tool and hasattr(available_tool, 'current_usage_count'):
+            available_tool.current_usage_count += 1
+            if hasattr(available_tool, 'max_usage_count') and available_tool.max_usage_count is not None:
+                self._printer.print(
+                    content=f"Tool '{available_tool.name}' usage: {available_tool.current_usage_count}/{available_tool.max_usage_count}",
+                    color="blue"
+                )
+
         return result
 
     def _format_result(self, result: Any) -> str:
@@ -331,6 +350,24 @@ class ToolUsage:
                 calling.arguments == last_tool_usage.arguments
             )
         return False
+        
+    def _check_usage_limit(self, tool: Any, tool_name: str) -> str | None:
+        """Check if tool has reached its usage limit.
+        
+        Args:
+            tool: The tool to check
+            tool_name: The name of the tool (used for error message)
+            
+        Returns:
+            Error message if limit reached, None otherwise
+        """
+        if (
+            hasattr(tool, 'max_usage_count') 
+            and tool.max_usage_count is not None 
+            and tool.current_usage_count >= tool.max_usage_count
+        ):
+            return f"Tool '{tool_name}' has reached its usage limit of {tool.max_usage_count} times and cannot be used anymore."
+        return None
 
     def _select_tool(self, tool_name: str) -> Any:
         order_tools = sorted(

src/crewai/utilities/agent_utils.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def render_text_description_and_args(
     tools: Sequence[Union[CrewStructuredTool, BaseTool]],
 ) -> str:
     """Render the tool name, description, and args in plain text.
-    
+
         search: This tool is used for search, args: {"query": {"type": "string"}}
         calculator: This tool is used for math, \
         args: {"expression": {"type": "string"}}
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ def handle_context_length(
     """
     if respect_context_window:
         printer.print(
-            content="Context length exceeded. Summarizing content to fit the model context window.",
+            content="Context length exceeded. Summarizing content to fit the model context window. Might take a while...",
             color="yellow",
         )
         summarize_messages(messages, llm, callbacks, i18n)
@@ -337,15 +337,22 @@ def summarize_messages(
         callbacks: List of callbacks for LLM
         i18n: I18N instance for messages
     """
+    messages_string = " ".join([message["content"] for message in messages])
     messages_groups = []
-    for message in messages:
-        content = message["content"]
-        cut_size = llm.get_context_window_size()
-        for i in range(0, len(content), cut_size):
-            messages_groups.append({"content": content[i : i + cut_size]})
+
+    cut_size = llm.get_context_window_size()
+
+    for i in range(0, len(messages_string), cut_size):
+        messages_groups.append({"content": messages_string[i : i + cut_size]})
 
     summarized_contents = []
-    for group in messages_groups:
+
+    total_groups = len(messages_groups)
+    for idx, group in enumerate(messages_groups, 1):
+        Printer().print(
+            content=f"Summarizing {idx}/{total_groups}...",
+            color="yellow",
+        )
         summary = llm.call(
             [
                 format_message_for_llm(

src/crewai/utilities/events/event_listener.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from io import StringIO
 from typing import Any, Dict
 
 from pydantic import Field, PrivateAttr
-
+from crewai.llm import LLM
 from crewai.task import Task
 from crewai.telemetry.telemetry import Telemetry
 from crewai.utilities import Logger
@@ -283,27 +283,43 @@ class EventListener(BaseEventListener):
 
         @crewai_event_bus.on(ToolUsageStartedEvent)
         def on_tool_usage_started(source, event: ToolUsageStartedEvent):
-            self.formatter.handle_tool_usage_started(
-                self.formatter.current_agent_branch,
-                event.tool_name,
+            if isinstance(source, LLM):
+                self.formatter.handle_llm_tool_usage_started(
+                    event.tool_name,
+                )
+            else:
+                self.formatter.handle_tool_usage_started(
+                    self.formatter.current_agent_branch,
+                    event.tool_name,
                 self.formatter.current_crew_tree,
             )
 
         @crewai_event_bus.on(ToolUsageFinishedEvent)
         def on_tool_usage_finished(source, event: ToolUsageFinishedEvent):
-            self.formatter.handle_tool_usage_finished(
-                self.formatter.current_tool_branch,
-                event.tool_name,
-                self.formatter.current_crew_tree,
-            )
+            if isinstance(source, LLM):
+                self.formatter.handle_llm_tool_usage_finished(
+                    event.tool_name,
+                )
+            else:
+                self.formatter.handle_tool_usage_finished(
+                    self.formatter.current_tool_branch,
+                    event.tool_name,
+                    self.formatter.current_crew_tree,
+                )
 
         @crewai_event_bus.on(ToolUsageErrorEvent)
         def on_tool_usage_error(source, event: ToolUsageErrorEvent):
-            self.formatter.handle_tool_usage_error(
-                self.formatter.current_tool_branch,
-                event.tool_name,
-                event.error,
-                self.formatter.current_crew_tree,
+            if isinstance(source, LLM):
+                self.formatter.handle_llm_tool_usage_error(
+                    event.tool_name,
+                    event.error,
+                )
+            else:
+                self.formatter.handle_tool_usage_error(
+                    self.formatter.current_tool_branch,
+                    event.tool_name,
+                    event.error,
+                    self.formatter.current_crew_tree,
             )
 
         # ----------- LLM EVENTS -----------

src/crewai/utilities/events/tool_usage_events.py

@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ from .base_events import BaseEvent
 class ToolUsageEvent(BaseEvent):
     """Base event for tool usage tracking"""
 
-    agent_key: str
-    agent_role: str
+    agent_key: Optional[str] = None
+    agent_role: Optional[str] = None
     tool_name: str
     tool_args: Dict[str, Any] | str
-    tool_class: str
+    tool_class: Optional[str] = None
     run_attempts: int | None = None
     delegations: int | None = None
     agent: Optional[Any] = None

src/crewai/utilities/events/utils/console_formatter.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ class ConsoleFormatter:
     current_lite_agent_branch: Optional[Tree] = None
     tool_usage_counts: Dict[str, int] = {}
     current_reasoning_branch: Optional[Tree] = None  # Track reasoning status
+    current_llm_tool_tree: Optional[Tree] = None
 
     def __init__(self, verbose: bool = False):
         self.console = Console(width=None)
@@ -426,6 +427,51 @@ class ConsoleFormatter:
         self.print()
         return method_branch
 
+    def get_llm_tree(self, tool_name: str):
+        text = Text()
+        text.append(f"🔧 Using {tool_name} from LLM available_function", style="yellow")
+
+        tree = self.current_flow_tree or self.current_crew_tree
+
+        if tree:
+            tree.add(text)
+
+        return tree or Tree(text)
+
+    def handle_llm_tool_usage_started(
+        self,
+        tool_name: str,
+    ):
+        tree = self.get_llm_tree(tool_name)
+        self.add_tree_node(tree, "🔄 Tool Usage Started", "green")
+        self.print(tree)
+        self.print()
+        return tree
+
+    def handle_llm_tool_usage_finished(
+        self,
+        tool_name: str,
+    ):
+        tree = self.get_llm_tree(tool_name)
+        self.add_tree_node(tree, "✅ Tool Usage Completed", "green")
+        self.print(tree)
+        self.print()
+
+    def handle_llm_tool_usage_error(
+        self,
+        tool_name: str,
+        error: str,
+    ):
+        tree = self.get_llm_tree(tool_name)
+        self.add_tree_node(tree, "❌ Tool Usage Failed", "red")
+        self.print(tree)
+        self.print()
+
+        error_content = self.create_status_content(
+            "Tool Usage Failed", tool_name, "red", Error=error
+        )
+        self.print_panel(error_content, "Tool Error", "red")
+
     def handle_tool_usage_started(
         self,
         agent_branch: Optional[Tree],

tests/cassettes/test_handle_streaming_tool_calls_with_error.yaml

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tests/cassettes/test_llm_callback_replacement.yaml

@@ -202,4 +202,63 @@ interactions:
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 version: 1

tests/llm_test.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import os
 from time import sleep
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
-import litellm
 import pytest
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
@@ -11,7 +10,11 @@ from crewai.llm import CONTEXT_WINDOW_USAGE_RATIO, LLM
 from crewai.utilities.events import (
     LLMCallCompletedEvent,
     LLMStreamChunkEvent,
+    ToolUsageStartedEvent,
+    ToolUsageFinishedEvent,
+    ToolUsageErrorEvent,
 )
+
 from crewai.utilities.token_counter_callback import TokenCalcHandler
 
 
@@ -222,7 +225,7 @@ def test_get_custom_llm_provider_gemini():
 
 def test_get_custom_llm_provider_openai():
     llm = LLM(model="gpt-4")
-    assert llm._get_custom_llm_provider() == None
+    assert llm._get_custom_llm_provider() is None
 
 
 def test_validate_call_params_supported():
@@ -511,12 +514,18 @@ def assert_event_count(
     expected_completed_tool_call: int = 0,
     expected_stream_chunk: int = 0,
     expected_completed_llm_call: int = 0,
+    expected_tool_usage_started: int = 0,
+    expected_tool_usage_finished: int = 0,
+    expected_tool_usage_error: int = 0,
     expected_final_chunk_result: str = "",
 ):
     event_count = {
         "completed_tool_call": 0,
         "stream_chunk": 0,
         "completed_llm_call": 0,
+        "tool_usage_started": 0,
+        "tool_usage_finished": 0,
+        "tool_usage_error": 0,
     }
     final_chunk_result = ""
     for _call in mock_emit.call_args_list:
@@ -535,12 +544,21 @@ def assert_event_count(
             and event.call_type.value == "llm_call"
         ):
             event_count["completed_llm_call"] += 1
+        elif isinstance(event, ToolUsageStartedEvent):
+            event_count["tool_usage_started"] += 1
+        elif isinstance(event, ToolUsageFinishedEvent):
+            event_count["tool_usage_finished"] += 1
+        elif isinstance(event, ToolUsageErrorEvent):
+            event_count["tool_usage_error"] += 1
         else:
             continue
 
     assert event_count["completed_tool_call"] == expected_completed_tool_call
     assert event_count["stream_chunk"] == expected_stream_chunk
     assert event_count["completed_llm_call"] == expected_completed_llm_call
+    assert event_count["tool_usage_started"] == expected_tool_usage_started
+    assert event_count["tool_usage_finished"] == expected_tool_usage_finished
+    assert event_count["tool_usage_error"] == expected_tool_usage_error
     assert final_chunk_result == expected_final_chunk_result
 
 
@@ -574,6 +592,34 @@ def test_handle_streaming_tool_calls(get_weather_tool_schema, mock_emit):
         expected_completed_tool_call=1,
         expected_stream_chunk=10,
         expected_completed_llm_call=1,
+        expected_tool_usage_started=1,
+        expected_tool_usage_finished=1,
+        expected_final_chunk_result=expected_final_chunk_result,
+    )
+
+@pytest.mark.vcr(filter_headers=["authorization"])
+def test_handle_streaming_tool_calls_with_error(get_weather_tool_schema, mock_emit):
+    def get_weather_error(location):
+        raise Exception("Error")
+        
+    llm = LLM(model="openai/gpt-4o", stream=True)
+    response = llm.call(
+        messages=[
+            {"role": "user", "content": "What is the weather in New York?"},
+        ],
+        tools=[get_weather_tool_schema],
+        available_functions={
+            "get_weather": get_weather_error
+        },
+    )
+    assert response == ""
+    expected_final_chunk_result = '{"location":"New York, NY"}'
+    assert_event_count(
+        mock_emit=mock_emit,
+        expected_stream_chunk=9,
+        expected_completed_llm_call=1,
+        expected_tool_usage_started=1,
+        expected_tool_usage_error=1,    
         expected_final_chunk_result=expected_final_chunk_result,
     )
 

tests/tools/test_tool_usage_limit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+from crewai.tools import BaseTool, tool
+from crewai.tools.tool_usage import ToolUsage
+
+
+def test_tool_usage_limit():
+    """Test that tools respect usage limits."""
+    class LimitedTool(BaseTool):
+        name: str = "Limited Tool"
+        description: str = "A tool with usage limits for testing"
+        max_usage_count: int = 2
+
+        def _run(self, input_text: str) -> str:
+            return f"Processed {input_text}"
+
+    tool = LimitedTool()
+    
+    result1 = tool.run(input_text="test1")
+    assert result1 == "Processed test1"
+    assert tool.current_usage_count == 1
+    
+    result2 = tool.run(input_text="test2")
+    assert result2 == "Processed test2"
+    assert tool.current_usage_count == 2
+
+
+def test_unlimited_tool_usage():
+    """Test that tools without usage limits work normally."""
+    class UnlimitedTool(BaseTool):
+        name: str = "Unlimited Tool"
+        description: str = "A tool without usage limits"
+
+        def _run(self, input_text: str) -> str:
+            return f"Processed {input_text}"
+
+    tool = UnlimitedTool()
+    
+    for i in range(5):
+        result = tool.run(input_text=f"test{i}")
+        assert result == f"Processed test{i}"
+        assert tool.current_usage_count == i + 1
+
+
+def test_tool_decorator_with_usage_limit():
+    """Test usage limit with @tool decorator."""
+    @tool("Test Tool", max_usage_count=3)
+    def test_tool(input_text: str) -> str:
+        """A test tool."""
+        return f"Result: {input_text}"
+    
+    assert test_tool.max_usage_count == 3
+    assert test_tool.current_usage_count == 0
+
+    result = test_tool.run(input_text="test")
+    assert result == "Result: test"
+    assert test_tool.current_usage_count == 1
+
+
+def test_default_unlimited_usage():
+    """Test that tools have unlimited usage by default."""
+    @tool("Default Tool")
+    def default_tool(input_text: str) -> str:
+        """A default tool."""
+        return f"Result: {input_text}"
+    
+    assert default_tool.max_usage_count is None
+    assert default_tool.current_usage_count == 0
+
+
+def test_invalid_usage_limit():
+    """Test that negative usage limits raise ValueError."""
+    class ValidTool(BaseTool):
+        name: str = "Valid Tool"
+        description: str = "A tool with valid usage limit"
+
+        def _run(self, input_text: str) -> str:
+            return f"Processed {input_text}"
+    
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="max_usage_count must be a positive integer"):
+        ValidTool(max_usage_count=-1)
+
+
+def test_reset_usage_count():
+    """Test that reset_usage_count method works correctly."""
+    class LimitedTool(BaseTool):
+        name: str = "Limited Tool"
+        description: str = "A tool with usage limits for testing"
+        max_usage_count: int = 3
+
+        def _run(self, input_text: str) -> str:
+            return f"Processed {input_text}"
+
+    tool = LimitedTool()
+    
+    tool.run(input_text="test1")
+    tool.run(input_text="test2")
+    assert tool.current_usage_count == 2
+    
+    tool.reset_usage_count()
+    assert tool.current_usage_count == 0
+    
+    result = tool.run(input_text="test3")
+    assert result == "Processed test3"
+    assert tool.current_usage_count == 1
+
+
+def test_tool_usage_with_toolusage_class():
+    """Test that ToolUsage class correctly enforces usage limits."""
+    class LimitedTool(BaseTool):
+        name: str = "Limited Tool"
+        description: str = "A tool with usage limits for testing"
+        max_usage_count: int = 2
+
+        def _run(self, input_text: str) -> str:
+            return f"Processed {input_text}"
+
+    tool = LimitedTool()
+    
+    mock_agent = MagicMock()
+    mock_task = MagicMock()
+    mock_tools_handler = MagicMock()
+    
+    tool_usage = ToolUsage(
+        tools=[tool],
+        agent=mock_agent,
+        task=mock_task,
+        tools_handler=mock_tools_handler,
+        function_calling_llm=MagicMock(),
+    )
+    
+    tool_usage._check_tool_repeated_usage = MagicMock(return_value=False)
+    tool_usage._format_result = lambda result: result
+    
+    mock_calling = MagicMock()
+    mock_calling.tool_name = "Limited Tool"
+    mock_calling.arguments = {"input_text": "test"}
+    
+    result1 = tool_usage._check_usage_limit(tool, "Limited Tool")
+    assert result1 is None
+    
+    tool.current_usage_count += 1
+    
+    result2 = tool_usage._check_usage_limit(tool, "Limited Tool")
+    assert result2 is None
+    
+    tool.current_usage_count += 1
+    
+    result3 = tool_usage._check_usage_limit(tool, "Limited Tool")
+    assert "has reached its usage limit of 2 times" in result3