feat: add binary streaming support for large file downloads

This change enables CrewAI platform tools to handle binary file responses
from the OAuth service, allowing agents to work with large files (Excel,
Word, PDF, etc.) without memory issues

.github/workflows/generate-tool-specs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+name: Generate Tool Specifications
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths:
+      - 'lib/crewai-tools/src/crewai_tools/**'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
+jobs:
+  generate-specs:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      PYTHONUNBUFFERED: 1
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Generate GitHub App token
+        id: app-token
+        uses: tibdex/github-app-token@v2
+        with:
+          app_id: ${{ secrets.CREWAI_TOOL_SPECS_APP_ID }}
+          private_key: ${{ secrets.CREWAI_TOOL_SPECS_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          token: ${{ steps.app-token.outputs.token }}
+
+      - name: Install uv
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        with:
+          version: "0.8.4"
+          python-version: "3.12"
+          enable-cache: true
+
+      - name: Install the project
+        working-directory: lib/crewai-tools
+        run: uv sync --dev --all-extras
+
+      - name: Generate tool specifications
+        working-directory: lib/crewai-tools
+        run: uv run python src/crewai_tools/generate_tool_specs.py
+
+      - name: Check for changes and commit
+        run: |
+          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
+          git config user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+
+          git add lib/crewai-tools/tool.specs.json
+
+          if git diff --quiet --staged; then
+            echo "No changes detected in tool.specs.json"
+          else
+            echo "Changes detected in tool.specs.json, committing..."
+            git commit -m "chore: update tool specifications"
+            git push
+          fi

lib/crewai-tools/src/crewai_tools/tools/brave_search_tool/brave_search_tool.py

@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 from datetime import datetime
+import json
 import os
 import time
-from typing import Any, ClassVar
+from typing import Annotated, Any, ClassVar, Literal
 
 from crewai.tools import BaseTool, EnvVar
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from pydantic.types import StringConstraints
 import requests
 
+load_dotenv()
+
 
 def _save_results_to_file(content: str) -> None:
     """Saves the search results to a file."""
@@ -15,37 +20,72 @@ def _save_results_to_file(content: str) -> None:
         file.write(content)
 
 
-class BraveSearchToolSchema(BaseModel):
-    """Input for BraveSearchTool."""
+FreshnessPreset = Literal["pd", "pw", "pm", "py"]
+FreshnessRange = Annotated[
+    str, StringConstraints(pattern=r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}to\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$")
+]
+Freshness = FreshnessPreset | FreshnessRange
+SafeSearch = Literal["off", "moderate", "strict"]
 
-    search_query: str = Field(
-        ..., description="Mandatory search query you want to use to search the internet"
+
+class BraveSearchToolSchema(BaseModel):
+    """Input for BraveSearchTool"""
+
+    query: str = Field(..., description="Search query to perform")
+    country: str | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Country code for geo-targeting (e.g., 'US', 'BR').",
+    )
+    search_language: str | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Language code for the search results (e.g., 'en', 'es').",
+    )
+    count: int | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="The maximum number of results to return. Actual number may be less.",
+    )
+    offset: int | None = Field(
+        default=None, description="Skip the first N result sets/pages. Max is 9."
+    )
+    safesearch: SafeSearch | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Filter out explicit content. Options: off/moderate/strict",
+    )
+    spellcheck: bool | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Attempt to correct spelling errors in the search query.",
+    )
+    freshness: Freshness | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Enforce freshness of results. Options: pd/pw/pm/py, or YYYY-MM-DDtoYYYY-MM-DD",
+    )
+    text_decorations: bool | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Include markup to highlight search terms in the results.",
+    )
+    extra_snippets: bool | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Include up to 5 text snippets for each page if possible.",
+    )
+    operators: bool | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Whether to apply search operators (e.g., site:example.com).",
     )
 
 
+# TODO: Extend support to additional endpoints (e.g., /images, /news, etc.)
 class BraveSearchTool(BaseTool):
-    """BraveSearchTool - A tool for performing web searches using the Brave Search API.
+    """A tool that performs web searches using the Brave Search API."""
 
-    This module provides functionality to search the internet using Brave's Search API,
-    supporting customizable result counts and country-specific searches.
-
-    Dependencies:
-        - requests
-        - pydantic
-        - python-dotenv (for API key management)
-    """
-
-    name: str = "Brave Web Search the internet"
+    name: str = "Brave Search"
     description: str = (
-        "A tool that can be used to search the internet with a search_query."
+        "A tool that performs web searches using the Brave Search API. "
+        "Results are returned as structured JSON data."
     )
     args_schema: type[BaseModel] = BraveSearchToolSchema
     search_url: str = "https://api.search.brave.com/res/v1/web/search"
-    country: str | None = ""
     n_results: int = 10
     save_file: bool = False
-    _last_request_time: ClassVar[float] = 0
-    _min_request_interval: ClassVar[float] = 1.0  # seconds
     env_vars: list[EnvVar] = Field(
         default_factory=lambda: [
             EnvVar(
@@ -55,6 +95,9 @@ class BraveSearchTool(BaseTool):
             ),
         ]
     )
+    # Rate limiting parameters
+    _last_request_time: ClassVar[float] = 0
+    _min_request_interval: ClassVar[float] = 1.0  # seconds
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -73,19 +116,64 @@ class BraveSearchTool(BaseTool):
                 self._min_request_interval - (current_time - self._last_request_time)
             )
         BraveSearchTool._last_request_time = time.time()
+
+        # Construct and send the request
         try:
-            search_query = kwargs.get("search_query") or kwargs.get("query")
-            if not search_query:
-                raise ValueError("Search query is required")
+            # Maintain both "search_query" and "query" for backwards compatibility
+            query = kwargs.get("search_query") or kwargs.get("query")
+            if not query:
+                raise ValueError("Query is required")
+
+            payload = {"q": query}
+
+            if country := kwargs.get("country"):
+                payload["country"] = country
+
+            if search_language := kwargs.get("search_language"):
+                payload["search_language"] = search_language
+
+            # Fallback to deprecated n_results parameter if no count is provided
+            count = kwargs.get("count")
+            if count is not None:
+                payload["count"] = count
+            else:
+                payload["count"] = self.n_results
+
+            # Offset may be 0, so avoid truthiness check
+            offset = kwargs.get("offset")
+            if offset is not None:
+                payload["offset"] = offset
+
+            if safesearch := kwargs.get("safesearch"):
+                payload["safesearch"] = safesearch
 
             save_file = kwargs.get("save_file", self.save_file)
-            n_results = kwargs.get("n_results", self.n_results)
+            if freshness := kwargs.get("freshness"):
+                payload["freshness"] = freshness
 
-            payload = {"q": search_query, "count": n_results}
+            # Boolean parameters
+            spellcheck = kwargs.get("spellcheck")
+            if spellcheck is not None:
+                payload["spellcheck"] = spellcheck
 
-            if self.country != "":
-                payload["country"] = self.country
+            text_decorations = kwargs.get("text_decorations")
+            if text_decorations is not None:
+                payload["text_decorations"] = text_decorations
 
+            extra_snippets = kwargs.get("extra_snippets")
+            if extra_snippets is not None:
+                payload["extra_snippets"] = extra_snippets
+
+            operators = kwargs.get("operators")
+            if operators is not None:
+                payload["operators"] = operators
+
+            # Limit the result types to "web" since there is presently no
+            # handling of other types like "discussions", "faq", "infobox",
+            # "news", "videos", or "locations".
+            payload["result_filter"] = "web"
+
+            # Setup Request Headers
             headers = {
                 "X-Subscription-Token": os.environ["BRAVE_API_KEY"],
                 "Accept": "application/json",
@@ -97,25 +185,32 @@ class BraveSearchTool(BaseTool):
             response.raise_for_status()  # Handle non-200 responses
             results = response.json()
 
+            # TODO: Handle other result types like "discussions", "faq", etc.
+            web_results_items = []
             if "web" in results:
-                results = results["web"]["results"]
-                string = []
-                for result in results:
-                    try:
-                        string.append(
-                            "\n".join(
-                                [
-                                    f"Title: {result['title']}",
-                                    f"Link: {result['url']}",
-                                    f"Snippet: {result['description']}",
-                                    "---",
-                                ]
-                            )
-                        )
-                    except KeyError:  # noqa: PERF203
-                        continue
+                web_results = results["web"]["results"]
 
-            content = "\n".join(string)
+                for result in web_results:
+                    url = result.get("url")
+                    title = result.get("title")
+                    # If, for whatever reason, this entry does not have a title
+                    # or url, skip it.
+                    if not url or not title:
+                        continue
+                    item = {
+                        "url": url,
+                        "title": title,
+                    }
+                    description = result.get("description")
+                    if description:
+                        item["description"] = description
+                    snippets = result.get("extra_snippets")
+                    if snippets:
+                        item["snippets"] = snippets
+
+                    web_results_items.append(item)
+
+            content = json.dumps(web_results_items)
         except requests.RequestException as e:
             return f"Error performing search: {e!s}"
         except KeyError as e:

lib/crewai-tools/src/crewai_tools/tools/crewai_platform_tools/__init__.py

@@ -13,10 +13,16 @@ from crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.crewai_platform_tool_builder impor
 from crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.crewai_platform_tools import (
     CrewaiPlatformTools,
 )
+from crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.file_hook import (
+    process_file_markers,
+    register_file_processing_hook,
+)
 
 
 __all__ = [
     "CrewAIPlatformActionTool",
     "CrewaiPlatformToolBuilder",
     "CrewaiPlatformTools",
+    "process_file_markers",
+    "register_file_processing_hook",
 ]

lib/crewai-tools/src/crewai_tools/tools/crewai_platform_tools/crewai_platform_action_tool.py

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 import json
 import os
+import re
+import tempfile
 from typing import Any
 
 from crewai.tools import BaseTool
@@ -14,6 +16,26 @@ from crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.misc import (
     get_platform_integration_token,
 )
 
+_FILE_MARKER_PREFIX = "__CREWAI_FILE__"
+
+_MIME_TO_EXTENSION = {
+    "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet": ".xlsx",
+    "application/vnd.ms-excel": ".xls",
+    "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document": ".docx",
+    "application/msword": ".doc",
+    "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation": ".pptx",
+    "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint": ".ppt",
+    "application/pdf": ".pdf",
+    "image/png": ".png",
+    "image/jpeg": ".jpg",
+    "image/gif": ".gif",
+    "image/webp": ".webp",
+    "text/plain": ".txt",
+    "text/csv": ".csv",
+    "application/json": ".json",
+    "application/zip": ".zip",
+}
+
 
 class CrewAIPlatformActionTool(BaseTool):
     action_name: str = Field(default="", description="The name of the action")
@@ -71,10 +93,18 @@ class CrewAIPlatformActionTool(BaseTool):
                 url=api_url,
                 headers=headers,
                 json=payload,
-                timeout=60,
+                timeout=300,
+                stream=True,
                 verify=os.environ.get("CREWAI_FACTORY", "false").lower() != "true",
             )
 
+            content_type = response.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
+
+            # Check if response is binary (non-JSON)
+            if "application/json" not in content_type:
+                return self._handle_binary_response(response)
+
+            # Normal JSON response
             data = response.json()
             if not response.ok:
                 if isinstance(data, dict):
@@ -91,3 +121,49 @@ class CrewAIPlatformActionTool(BaseTool):
 
         except Exception as e:
             return f"Error executing action {self.action_name}: {e!s}"
+
+    def _handle_binary_response(self, response: requests.Response) -> str:
+        """Handle binary streaming response from the API.
+
+        Streams the binary content to a temporary file and returns a marker
+        that can be processed by the file hook to inject the file into the
+        LLM context.
+
+        Args:
+            response: The streaming HTTP response with binary content.
+
+        Returns:
+            A file marker string in the format:
+            __CREWAI_FILE__:filename:content_type:file_path
+        """
+        content_type = response.headers.get("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
+
+        filename = self._extract_filename_from_headers(response.headers)
+
+        extension = self._get_file_extension(content_type, filename)
+
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
+            delete=False, suffix=extension, prefix="crewai_"
+        ) as tmp_file:
+            for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):
+                tmp_file.write(chunk)
+            tmp_path = tmp_file.name
+
+        return f"{_FILE_MARKER_PREFIX}:{filename}:{content_type}:{tmp_path}"
+
+    def _extract_filename_from_headers(
+        self, headers: requests.structures.CaseInsensitiveDict
+    ) -> str:
+        content_disposition = headers.get("Content-Disposition", "")
+        if content_disposition:
+            match = re.search(r'filename="?([^";\s]+)"?', content_disposition)
+            if match:
+                return match.group(1)
+        return "downloaded_file"
+
+    def _get_file_extension(self, content_type: str, filename: str) -> str:
+        if "." in filename:
+            return "." + filename.rsplit(".", 1)[-1]
+
+        base_content_type = content_type.split(";")[0].strip()
+        return _MIME_TO_EXTENSION.get(base_content_type, "")

lib/crewai-tools/src/crewai_tools/tools/crewai_platform_tools/crewai_platform_tools.py

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ from crewai_tools.adapters.tool_collection import ToolCollection
 from crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.crewai_platform_tool_builder import (
     CrewaiPlatformToolBuilder,
 )
+from crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.file_hook import (
+    register_file_processing_hook,
+)
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -22,6 +25,8 @@ def CrewaiPlatformTools(  # noqa: N802
     Returns:
         A list of BaseTool instances for platform actions
     """
+    register_file_processing_hook()
+
     builder = CrewaiPlatformToolBuilder(apps=apps)
 
     return builder.tools()  # type: ignore

lib/crewai-tools/src/crewai_tools/tools/crewai_platform_tools/file_hook.py

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+"""File processing hook for CrewAI Platform Tools.
+
+This module provides a hook that processes file markers returned by platform tools
+and injects the files into the LLM context for native file handling.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from crewai.hooks.tool_hooks import ToolCallHookContext
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_FILE_MARKER_PREFIX = "__CREWAI_FILE__"
+
+_hook_registered = False
+
+
+def process_file_markers(context: ToolCallHookContext) -> str | None:
+    """Process file markers in tool results and inject files into context.
+
+    This hook detects file markers returned by platform tools (e.g., download_file)
+    and converts them into FileInput objects that are attached to the hook context.
+    The agent executor will then inject these files into the tool message for
+    native LLM file handling.
+
+    The marker format is:
+        __CREWAI_FILE__:filename:content_type:file_path
+
+    Args:
+        context: The tool call hook context containing the tool result.
+
+    Returns:
+        A human-readable message if a file was processed, None otherwise.
+    """
+    result = context.tool_result
+
+    if not result or not result.startswith(_FILE_MARKER_PREFIX):
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        parts = result.split(":", 3)
+        if len(parts) < 4:
+            logger.warning(f"Invalid file marker format: {result[:100]}")
+            return None
+
+        _, filename, content_type, file_path = parts
+
+        if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
+            logger.error(f"File not found: {file_path}")
+            return f"Error: Downloaded file not found at {file_path}"
+
+        try:
+            from crewai_files import File
+        except ImportError:
+            logger.warning(
+                "crewai_files not installed. File will not be attached to LLM context."
+            )
+            return (
+                f"Downloaded file: {filename} ({content_type}). "
+                f"File saved at: {file_path}. "
+                "Note: Install crewai_files for native LLM file handling."
+            )
+
+        file = File(source=file_path, content_type=content_type, filename=filename)
+
+        context.files = {filename: file}
+
+        file_size = os.path.getsize(file_path)
+        size_str = _format_file_size(file_size)
+
+        return f"Downloaded file: {filename} ({content_type}, {size_str}). File is attached for LLM analysis."
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception(f"Error processing file marker: {e}")
+        return f"Error processing downloaded file: {e}"
+
+
+def _format_file_size(size_bytes: int) -> str:
+    """Format file size in human-readable format.
+
+    Args:
+        size_bytes: Size in bytes.
+
+    Returns:
+        Human-readable size string.
+    """
+    if size_bytes < 1024:
+        return f"{size_bytes} bytes"
+    elif size_bytes < 1024 * 1024:
+        return f"{size_bytes / 1024:.1f} KB"
+    elif size_bytes < 1024 * 1024 * 1024:
+        return f"{size_bytes / (1024 * 1024):.1f} MB"
+    else:
+        return f"{size_bytes / (1024 * 1024 * 1024):.1f} GB"
+
+
+def register_file_processing_hook() -> bool:
+    """Register the file processing hook globally.
+
+    This function should be called once during application initialization
+    to enable automatic file injection for platform tools.
+
+    Returns:
+        True if the hook was registered, False if it was already registered
+        or if registration failed.
+    """
+    global _hook_registered
+
+    if _hook_registered:
+        logger.debug("File processing hook already registered")
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        from crewai.hooks import register_after_tool_call_hook
+
+        register_after_tool_call_hook(process_file_markers)
+        _hook_registered = True
+        logger.info("File processing hook registered successfully")
+        return True
+    except ImportError:
+        logger.warning(
+            "crewai.hooks not available. File processing hook not registered."
+        )
+        return False
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception(f"Failed to register file processing hook: {e}")
+        return False

lib/crewai-tools/src/crewai_tools/tools/stagehand_tool/stagehand_tool.py

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ class StagehandTool(BaseTool):
     - 'observe': For finding elements in a specific area
     """
     args_schema: type[BaseModel] = StagehandToolSchema
+    package_dependencies: list[str] = Field(default_factory=lambda: ["stagehand"])
 
     # Stagehand configuration
     api_key: str | None = None

lib/crewai-tools/tests/tools/brave_search_tool_test.py

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+import json
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
-from crewai_tools.tools.brave_search_tool.brave_search_tool import BraveSearchTool
 import pytest
 
+from crewai_tools.tools.brave_search_tool.brave_search_tool import BraveSearchTool
+
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def brave_tool():
@@ -30,16 +32,43 @@ def test_brave_tool_search(mock_get, brave_tool):
     }
     mock_get.return_value.json.return_value = mock_response
 
-    result = brave_tool.run(search_query="test")
+    result = brave_tool.run(query="test")
     assert "Test Title" in result
     assert "http://test.com" in result
 
 
-def test_brave_tool():
-    tool = BraveSearchTool(
-        n_results=2,
-    )
-    tool.run(search_query="ChatGPT")
+@patch("requests.get")
+def test_brave_tool(mock_get):
+    mock_response = {
+        "web": {
+            "results": [
+                {
+                    "title": "Brave Browser",
+                    "url": "https://brave.com",
+                    "description": "Brave Browser description",
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+    mock_get.return_value.json.return_value = mock_response
+
+    tool = BraveSearchTool(n_results=2)
+    result = tool.run(query="Brave Browser")
+    assert result is not None
+
+    # Parse JSON so we can examine the structure
+    data = json.loads(result)
+    assert isinstance(data, list)
+    assert len(data) >= 1
+
+    # First item should have expected fields: title, url, and description
+    first = data[0]
+    assert "title" in first
+    assert first["title"] == "Brave Browser"
+    assert "url" in first
+    assert first["url"] == "https://brave.com"
+    assert "description" in first
+    assert first["description"] == "Brave Browser description"
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

lib/crewai-tools/tests/tools/crewai_platform_tools/test_crewai_platform_tools.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import unittest
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 from crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools import CrewaiPlatformTools
+from crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools import file_hook
 
 
 class TestCrewaiPlatformTools(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -113,3 +114,64 @@ class TestCrewaiPlatformTools(unittest.TestCase):
             with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
                 CrewaiPlatformTools(apps=["github"])
             assert "No platform integration token found" in str(context.exception)
+
+    @patch.dict("os.environ", {"CREWAI_PLATFORM_INTEGRATION_TOKEN": "test_token"})
+    @patch(
+        "crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.crewai_platform_tool_builder.requests.get"
+    )
+    @patch(
+        "crewai_tools.tools.crewai_platform_tools.crewai_platform_tools.register_file_processing_hook"
+    )
+    def test_crewai_platform_tools_registers_file_hook(
+        self, mock_register_hook, mock_get
+    ):
+        mock_response = Mock()
+        mock_response.raise_for_status.return_value = None
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {"actions": {"github": []}}
+        mock_get.return_value = mock_response
+
+        CrewaiPlatformTools(apps=["github"])
+        mock_register_hook.assert_called_once()
+
+
+class TestFileHook(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        file_hook._hook_registered = False
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        file_hook._hook_registered = False
+
+    @patch("crewai.hooks.register_after_tool_call_hook")
+    def test_register_hook_is_idempotent(self, mock_register):
+        """Test hook registration succeeds once and is idempotent."""
+        assert file_hook.register_file_processing_hook() is True
+        assert file_hook._hook_registered is True
+        mock_register.assert_called_once_with(file_hook.process_file_markers)
+
+        # Second call should return False and not register again
+        assert file_hook.register_file_processing_hook() is False
+        mock_register.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_process_file_markers_ignores_non_file_results(self):
+        """Test that non-file-marker results return None."""
+        test_cases = [
+            None,  # Empty result
+            "Regular tool output",  # Non-marker
+            "__CREWAI_FILE__:incomplete",  # Invalid format (missing parts)
+        ]
+        for tool_result in test_cases:
+            mock_context = Mock()
+            mock_context.tool_result = tool_result
+            assert file_hook.process_file_markers(mock_context) is None
+
+    def test_format_file_size(self):
+        """Test file size formatting across units."""
+        cases = [
+            (500, "500 bytes"),
+            (1024, "1.0 KB"),
+            (1536, "1.5 KB"),
+            (1024 * 1024, "1.0 MB"),
+            (1024 * 1024 * 1024, "1.0 GB"),
+        ]
+        for size_bytes, expected in cases:
+            assert file_hook._format_file_size(size_bytes) == expected

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/agent_adapters/openai_agents/openai_agent_tool_adapter.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from crewai.agents.agent_adapters.openai_agents.protocols import (
 )
 from crewai.tools import BaseTool
 from crewai.utilities.import_utils import require
+from crewai.utilities.pydantic_schema_utils import force_additional_properties_false
 from crewai.utilities.string_utils import sanitize_tool_name
 
 
@@ -135,7 +136,9 @@ class OpenAIAgentToolAdapter(BaseToolAdapter):
         for tool in tools:
             schema: dict[str, Any] = tool.args_schema.model_json_schema()
 
-            schema.update({"additionalProperties": False, "type": "object"})
+            schema = force_additional_properties_false(schema)
+
+            schema.update({"type": "object"})
 
             openai_tool: OpenAIFunctionTool = cast(
                 OpenAIFunctionTool,

lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/crew_agent_executor.py

@@ -930,6 +930,10 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(CrewAgentExecutorMixin):
             "name": func_name,
             "content": result,
         }
+
+        if after_hook_context.files:
+            tool_message["files"] = after_hook_context.files
+
         self.messages.append(tool_message)
 
         # Log the tool execution

lib/crewai/src/crewai/experimental/agent_executor.py

@@ -814,6 +814,10 @@ class AgentExecutor(Flow[AgentReActState], CrewAgentExecutorMixin):
                 "name": func_name,
                 "content": result,
             }
+
+            if after_hook_context.files:
+                tool_message["files"] = after_hook_context.files
+
             self.state.messages.append(tool_message)
 
             # Log the tool execution

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/async_feedback/__init__.py

@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ Example:
     from crewai.flow import Flow, start, human_feedback
     from crewai.flow.async_feedback import HumanFeedbackProvider, HumanFeedbackPending
 
+
     class SlackProvider(HumanFeedbackProvider):
         def request_feedback(self, context, flow):
             self.send_slack_notification(context)
             raise HumanFeedbackPending(context=context)
 
+
     class MyFlow(Flow):
         @start()
         @human_feedback(
@@ -26,12 +28,13 @@ Example:
     ```
 """
 
+from crewai.flow.async_feedback.providers import ConsoleProvider
 from crewai.flow.async_feedback.types import (
     HumanFeedbackPending,
     HumanFeedbackProvider,
     PendingFeedbackContext,
 )
-from crewai.flow.async_feedback.providers import ConsoleProvider
+
 
 __all__ = [
     "ConsoleProvider",

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/async_feedback/providers.py

@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ provider that collects feedback via console input.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from crewai.flow.async_feedback.types import PendingFeedbackContext
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.flow.flow import Flow
 
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ class ConsoleProvider:
         ```python
         from crewai.flow.async_feedback import ConsoleProvider
 
+
         # Explicitly use console provider
         @human_feedback(
             message="Review this:",
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ class ConsoleProvider:
     def request_feedback(
         self,
         context: PendingFeedbackContext,
-        flow: Flow,
+        flow: Flow[Any],
     ) -> str:
         """Request feedback via console input (blocking).
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/async_feedback/types.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Protocol, runtime_checkable
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.flow.flow import Flow
 
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ class HumanFeedbackPending(Exception):  # noqa: N818 - Not an error, a control f
                     callback_info={
                         "slack_channel": "#reviews",
                         "thread_id": ticket_id,
-                    }
+                    },
                 )
         ```
     """
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ class HumanFeedbackProvider(Protocol):
                     callback_info={
                         "channel": self.channel,
                         "thread_id": thread_id,
-                    }
+                    },
                 )
         ```
     """
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ class HumanFeedbackProvider(Protocol):
     def request_feedback(
         self,
         context: PendingFeedbackContext,
-        flow: Flow,
+        flow: Flow[Any],
     ) -> str:
         """Request feedback from a human.
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/constants.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from typing import Final, Literal
 
+
 AND_CONDITION: Final[Literal["AND"]] = "AND"
 OR_CONDITION: Final[Literal["OR"]] = "OR"

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/flow.py

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ from crewai.events.types.flow_events import (
     MethodExecutionStartedEvent,
 )
 from crewai.flow.constants import AND_CONDITION, OR_CONDITION
+from crewai.flow.flow_context import current_flow_id, current_flow_request_id
 from crewai.flow.flow_wrappers import (
     FlowCondition,
     FlowConditions,
@@ -1540,6 +1541,13 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
         ctx = baggage.set_baggage("flow_input_files", input_files or {}, context=ctx)
         flow_token = attach(ctx)
 
+        flow_id_token = None
+        request_id_token = None
+        if current_flow_id.get() is None:
+            flow_id_token = current_flow_id.set(self.flow_id)
+        if current_flow_request_id.get() is None:
+            request_id_token = current_flow_request_id.set(self.flow_id)
+
         try:
             # Reset flow state for fresh execution unless restoring from persistence
             is_restoring = inputs and "id" in inputs and self._persistence is not None
@@ -1717,6 +1725,10 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
 
             return final_output
         finally:
+            if request_id_token is not None:
+                current_flow_request_id.reset(request_id_token)
+            if flow_id_token is not None:
+                current_flow_id.reset(flow_id_token)
             detach(flow_token)
 
     async def akickoff(

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/flow_config.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.flow.async_feedback.types import HumanFeedbackProvider
 

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/flow_context.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+"""Flow execution context management.
+
+This module provides context variables for tracking flow execution state across
+async boundaries and nested function calls.
+"""
+
+import contextvars
+
+
+current_flow_request_id: contextvars.ContextVar[str | None] = contextvars.ContextVar(
+    "flow_request_id", default=None
+)
+
+current_flow_id: contextvars.ContextVar[str | None] = contextvars.ContextVar(
+    "flow_id", default=None
+)

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/flow_trackable.py

@@ -1,46 +1,22 @@
-import inspect
-from typing import Any
-
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, InstanceOf, model_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, model_validator
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from crewai.flow.flow import Flow
+from crewai.flow.flow_context import current_flow_id, current_flow_request_id
 
 
 class FlowTrackable(BaseModel):
-    """Mixin that tracks the Flow instance that instantiated the object, e.g. a
-    Flow instance that created a Crew or Agent.
+    """Mixin that tracks flow execution context for objects created within flows.
 
-    Automatically finds and stores a reference to the parent Flow instance by
-    inspecting the call stack.
+    When a Crew or Agent is instantiated inside a flow execution, this mixin
+    automatically captures the flow ID and request ID from context variables,
+    enabling proper tracking and association with the parent flow execution.
     """
 
-    parent_flow: InstanceOf[Flow[Any]] | None = Field(
-        default=None,
-        description="The parent flow of the instance, if it was created inside a flow.",
-    )
-
     @model_validator(mode="after")
-    def _set_parent_flow(self) -> Self:
-        max_depth = 8
-        frame = inspect.currentframe()
-
-        try:
-            if frame is None:
-                return self
-
-            frame = frame.f_back
-            for _ in range(max_depth):
-                if frame is None:
-                    break
-
-                candidate = frame.f_locals.get("self")
-                if isinstance(candidate, Flow):
-                    self.parent_flow = candidate
-                    break
-
-                frame = frame.f_back
-        finally:
-            del frame
+    def _set_flow_context(self) -> Self:
+        request_id = current_flow_request_id.get()
+        if request_id:
+            self._request_id = request_id
+            self._flow_id = current_flow_id.get()
 
         return self

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/human_feedback.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ Example (synchronous, default):
     ```python
     from crewai.flow import Flow, start, listen, human_feedback
 
+
     class ReviewFlow(Flow):
         @start()
         @human_feedback(
@@ -32,11 +33,13 @@ Example (asynchronous with custom provider):
     from crewai.flow import Flow, start, human_feedback
     from crewai.flow.async_feedback import HumanFeedbackProvider, HumanFeedbackPending
 
+
     class SlackProvider(HumanFeedbackProvider):
         def request_feedback(self, context, flow):
             self.send_notification(context)
             raise HumanFeedbackPending(context=context)
 
+
     class ReviewFlow(Flow):
         @start()
         @human_feedback(
@@ -229,6 +232,7 @@ def human_feedback(
         def review_document(self):
             return document_content
 
+
         @listen("approved")
         def publish(self):
             print(f"Publishing: {self.last_human_feedback.output}")
@@ -265,7 +269,7 @@ def human_feedback(
     def decorator(func: F) -> F:
         """Inner decorator that wraps the function."""
 
-        def _request_feedback(flow_instance: Flow, method_output: Any) -> str:
+        def _request_feedback(flow_instance: Flow[Any], method_output: Any) -> str:
             """Request feedback using provider or default console."""
             from crewai.flow.async_feedback.types import PendingFeedbackContext
 
@@ -291,19 +295,16 @@ def human_feedback(
                 effective_provider = flow_config.hitl_provider
 
             if effective_provider is not None:
-                # Use provider (may raise HumanFeedbackPending for async providers)
                 return effective_provider.request_feedback(context, flow_instance)
-            else:
-                # Use default console input (local development)
-                return flow_instance._request_human_feedback(
-                    message=message,
-                    output=method_output,
-                    metadata=metadata,
-                    emit=emit,
-                )
+            return flow_instance._request_human_feedback(
+                message=message,
+                output=method_output,
+                metadata=metadata,
+                emit=emit,
+            )
 
         def _process_feedback(
-            flow_instance: Flow,
+            flow_instance: Flow[Any],
             method_output: Any,
             raw_feedback: str,
         ) -> HumanFeedbackResult | str:
@@ -319,12 +320,14 @@ def human_feedback(
                     # No default and no feedback - use first outcome
                     collapsed_outcome = emit[0]
             elif emit:
-                # Collapse feedback to outcome using LLM
-                collapsed_outcome = flow_instance._collapse_to_outcome(
-                    feedback=raw_feedback,
-                    outcomes=emit,
-                    llm=llm,
-                )
+                if llm is not None:
+                    collapsed_outcome = flow_instance._collapse_to_outcome(
+                        feedback=raw_feedback,
+                        outcomes=emit,
+                        llm=llm,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    collapsed_outcome = emit[0]
 
             # Create result
             result = HumanFeedbackResult(
@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ def human_feedback(
         if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(func):
             # Async wrapper
             @wraps(func)
-            async def async_wrapper(self: Flow, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+            async def async_wrapper(self: Flow[Any], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
                 # Execute the original method
                 method_output = await func(self, *args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -363,7 +366,7 @@ def human_feedback(
         else:
             # Sync wrapper
             @wraps(func)
-            def sync_wrapper(self: Flow, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+            def sync_wrapper(self: Flow[Any], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
                 # Execute the original method
                 method_output = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -397,11 +400,10 @@ def human_feedback(
         )
         wrapper.__is_flow_method__ = True
 
-        # Make it a router if emit specified
         if emit:
             wrapper.__is_router__ = True
             wrapper.__router_paths__ = list(emit)
 
-        return wrapper  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return wrapper  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
 
     return decorator

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/persistence/base.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.flow.async_feedback.types import PendingFeedbackContext
 
@@ -103,4 +104,3 @@ class FlowPersistence(ABC):
         Args:
             flow_uuid: Unique identifier for the flow instance
         """
-        pass

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/persistence/sqlite.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel
 from crewai.flow.persistence.base import FlowPersistence
 from crewai.utilities.paths import db_storage_path
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.flow.async_feedback.types import PendingFeedbackContext
 
@@ -176,7 +177,8 @@ class SQLiteFlowPersistence(FlowPersistence):
             row = cursor.fetchone()
 
         if row:
-            return json.loads(row[0])
+            result = json.loads(row[0])
+            return result if isinstance(result, dict) else None
         return None
 
     def save_pending_feedback(
@@ -196,7 +198,6 @@ class SQLiteFlowPersistence(FlowPersistence):
             state_data: Current state data
         """
         # Import here to avoid circular imports
-        from crewai.flow.async_feedback.types import PendingFeedbackContext
 
         # Convert state_data to dict
         if isinstance(state_data, BaseModel):

lib/crewai/src/crewai/hooks/tool_hooks.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 from crewai.events.event_listener import event_listener
 from crewai.hooks.types import AfterToolCallHookType, BeforeToolCallHookType
 from crewai.utilities.printer import Printer
+from crewai.utilities.types import FileInput
 
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -34,6 +35,9 @@ class ToolCallHookContext:
         crew: Crew instance (may be None)
         tool_result: Tool execution result (only set for after_tool_call hooks).
             Can be modified by returning a new string from after_tool_call hook.
+        files: Optional dictionary of files to attach to the tool message.
+            Can be set by after_tool_call hooks to inject files into the LLM context.
+            These files will be formatted according to the LLM provider's requirements.
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -64,6 +68,7 @@ class ToolCallHookContext:
         self.task = task
         self.crew = crew
         self.tool_result = tool_result
+        self.files: dict[str, FileInput] | None = None
 
     def request_human_input(
         self,

lib/crewai/src/crewai/llms/providers/openai/completion.py

@@ -1521,13 +1521,16 @@ class OpenAICompletion(BaseLLM):
     ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Convert CrewAI tool format to OpenAI function calling format."""
         from crewai.llms.providers.utils.common import safe_tool_conversion
+        from crewai.utilities.pydantic_schema_utils import (
+            force_additional_properties_false,
+        )
 
         openai_tools = []
 
         for tool in tools:
             name, description, parameters = safe_tool_conversion(tool, "OpenAI")
 
-            openai_tool = {
+            openai_tool: dict[str, Any] = {
                 "type": "function",
                 "function": {
                     "name": name,
@@ -1537,10 +1540,11 @@ class OpenAICompletion(BaseLLM):
             }
 
             if parameters:
-                if isinstance(parameters, dict):
-                    openai_tool["function"]["parameters"] = parameters  # type: ignore
-                else:
-                    openai_tool["function"]["parameters"] = dict(parameters)
+                params_dict = (
+                    parameters if isinstance(parameters, dict) else dict(parameters)
+                )
+                params_dict = force_additional_properties_false(params_dict)
+                openai_tool["function"]["parameters"] = params_dict
 
             openai_tools.append(openai_tool)
         return openai_tools

lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/pydantic_schema_utils.py

@@ -127,6 +127,36 @@ def add_key_in_dict_recursively(
     return d
 
 
+def force_additional_properties_false(d: Any) -> Any:
+    """Force additionalProperties=false on all object-type dicts recursively.
+
+    OpenAI strict mode requires all objects to have additionalProperties=false.
+    This function overwrites any existing value to ensure compliance.
+
+    Also ensures objects have properties and required arrays, even if empty,
+    as OpenAI strict mode requires these for all object types.
+
+    Args:
+        d: The dictionary/list to modify.
+
+    Returns:
+        The modified dictionary/list.
+    """
+    if isinstance(d, dict):
+        if d.get("type") == "object":
+            d["additionalProperties"] = False
+            if "properties" not in d:
+                d["properties"] = {}
+            if "required" not in d:
+                d["required"] = []
+        for v in d.values():
+            force_additional_properties_false(v)
+    elif isinstance(d, list):
+        for i in d:
+            force_additional_properties_false(i)
+    return d
+
+
 def fix_discriminator_mappings(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Replace '#/$defs/...' references in discriminator.mapping with just the model name.
 
@@ -278,13 +308,7 @@ def generate_model_description(model: type[BaseModel]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """
     json_schema = model.model_json_schema(ref_template="#/$defs/{model}")
 
-    json_schema = add_key_in_dict_recursively(
-        json_schema,
-        key="additionalProperties",
-        value=False,
-        criteria=lambda d: d.get("type") == "object"
-        and "additionalProperties" not in d,
-    )
+    json_schema = force_additional_properties_false(json_schema)
 
     json_schema = resolve_refs(json_schema)
 
@@ -378,6 +402,9 @@ def create_model_from_schema(  # type: ignore[no-any-unimported]
     """
     effective_root = root_schema or json_schema
 
+    json_schema = force_additional_properties_false(json_schema)
+    effective_root = force_additional_properties_false(effective_root)
+
     if "allOf" in json_schema:
         json_schema = _merge_all_of_schemas(json_schema["allOf"], effective_root)
         if "title" not in json_schema and "title" in (root_schema or {}):

lib/crewai/tests/agents/test_lite_agent.py

@@ -299,14 +299,16 @@ class TestFlow(Flow):
         return agent.kickoff("Test query")
 
 
-def verify_agent_parent_flow(result, agent, flow):
-    """Verify that both the result and agent have the correct parent flow."""
-    assert result.parent_flow is flow
+def verify_agent_flow_context(result, agent, flow):
+    """Verify that both the result and agent have the correct flow context."""
+    assert result._flow_id == flow.flow_id  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert result._request_id == flow.flow_id  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
     assert agent is not None
-    assert agent.parent_flow is flow
+    assert agent._flow_id == flow.flow_id  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert agent._request_id == flow.flow_id  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
 
 
-def test_sets_parent_flow_when_inside_flow():
+def test_sets_flow_context_when_inside_flow():
     """Test that an Agent can be created and executed inside a Flow context."""
     captured_event = None
 

lib/crewai/tests/test_crew.py

@@ -4520,7 +4520,7 @@ def test_crew_copy_with_memory():
         pytest.fail(f"Copying crew raised an unexpected exception: {e}")
 
 
-def test_sets_parent_flow_when_using_crewbase_pattern_inside_flow():
+def test_sets_flow_context_when_using_crewbase_pattern_inside_flow():
     @CrewBase
     class TestCrew:
         agents_config = None
@@ -4582,10 +4582,11 @@ def test_sets_parent_flow_when_using_crewbase_pattern_inside_flow():
     flow.kickoff()
 
     assert captured_crew is not None
-    assert captured_crew.parent_flow is flow
+    assert captured_crew._flow_id == flow.flow_id  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert captured_crew._request_id == flow.flow_id  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
 
 
-def test_sets_parent_flow_when_outside_flow(researcher, writer):
+def test_sets_flow_context_when_outside_flow(researcher, writer):
     crew = Crew(
         agents=[researcher, writer],
         process=Process.sequential,
@@ -4594,11 +4595,12 @@ def test_sets_parent_flow_when_outside_flow(researcher, writer):
             Task(description="Task 2", expected_output="output", agent=writer),
         ],
     )
-    assert crew.parent_flow is None
+    assert not hasattr(crew, "_flow_id")
+    assert not hasattr(crew, "_request_id")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.vcr()
-def test_sets_parent_flow_when_inside_flow(researcher, writer):
+def test_sets_flow_context_when_inside_flow(researcher, writer):
     class MyFlow(Flow):
         @start()
         def start(self):
@@ -4615,7 +4617,8 @@ def test_sets_parent_flow_when_inside_flow(researcher, writer):
 
     flow = MyFlow()
     result = flow.kickoff()
-    assert result.parent_flow is flow
+    assert result._flow_id == flow.flow_id  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert result._request_id == flow.flow_id  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
 
 
 def test_reset_knowledge_with_no_crew_knowledge(researcher, writer):