---
title: Processes
description: Detailed guide on workflow management through processes in CrewAI, with updated implementation details.
icon: bars-staggered
mode: "wide"
---

## Overview

<Tip>
  Processes orchestrate the execution of tasks by agents, akin to project management in human teams. 
  These processes ensure tasks are distributed and executed efficiently, in alignment with a predefined strategy.
</Tip>

## When to Use Each Process

- Use `sequential` when task order is fixed and outputs feed directly into the next task.
- Use `hierarchical` when you need a manager to delegate and validate work dynamically.

## When Not to Use Hierarchical

- You do not need dynamic delegation.
- You cannot provide a reliable `manager_llm` or `manager_agent`.

## Process Implementations

- **Sequential**: Executes tasks sequentially, ensuring tasks are completed in an orderly progression.
- **Hierarchical**: Organizes tasks in a managerial hierarchy, where tasks are delegated and executed based on a structured chain of command. A manager language model (`manager_llm`) or a custom manager agent (`manager_agent`) must be specified in the crew to enable the hierarchical process, facilitating the creation and management of tasks by the manager.

## The Role of Processes in Teamwork
Processes enable individual agents to operate as a cohesive unit, streamlining their efforts to achieve common objectives with efficiency and coherence.

## Assigning Processes to a Crew
To assign a process to a crew, specify the process type upon crew creation to set the execution strategy. For a hierarchical process, ensure to define `manager_llm` or `manager_agent` for the manager agent.

```python
from crewai import Crew, Process

# Example: Creating a crew with a sequential process
crew = Crew(
    agents=my_agents,
    tasks=my_tasks,
    process=Process.sequential
)

# Example: Creating a crew with a hierarchical process
# Ensure to provide a manager_llm or manager_agent
crew = Crew(
    agents=my_agents,
    tasks=my_tasks,
    process=Process.hierarchical,
    manager_llm="gpt-4o"
    # or
    # manager_agent=my_manager_agent
)
```
**Note:** Ensure `my_agents` and `my_tasks` are defined prior to creating a `Crew` object, and for the hierarchical process, either `manager_llm` or `manager_agent` is also required.

## Sequential Process

This method mirrors dynamic team workflows, progressing through tasks in a thoughtful and systematic manner. Task execution follows the predefined order in the task list, with the output of one task serving as context for the next.

To customize task context, utilize the `context` parameter in the `Task` class to specify outputs that should be used as context for subsequent tasks.

## Hierarchical Process

Emulates a corporate hierarchy, CrewAI allows specifying a custom manager agent or automatically creates one, requiring the specification of a manager language model (`manager_llm`). This agent oversees task execution, including planning, delegation, and validation. Tasks are not pre-assigned; the manager allocates tasks to agents based on their capabilities, reviews outputs, and assesses task completion.

## Process Class: Detailed Overview

The `Process` class is implemented as an enumeration (`Enum`), ensuring type safety and restricting process values to the defined types (`sequential`, `hierarchical`).

## Conclusion

The structured collaboration facilitated by processes within CrewAI is crucial for enabling systematic teamwork among agents. 
## Common Failure Modes

### Hierarchical process fails at startup
- Cause: missing `manager_llm` or `manager_agent`.
- Fix: provide one of them explicitly in crew configuration.

### Sequential process produces weak outputs
- Cause: task boundaries/context are underspecified.
- Fix: improve task descriptions, expected outputs, and task context chaining.
