---
title: Directory Read Tool
description: A tool for recursively listing directory contents
---

# Directory Read Tool

The Directory Read Tool provides functionality to recursively list all files within a directory. It supports both fixed and dynamic directory path modes, allowing you to specify the directory at initialization or runtime.

## Installation

```bash
pip install 'crewai[tools]'
```

## Usage

You can use the Directory Read Tool in two ways:

### 1. Fixed Directory Path

Initialize the tool with a specific directory path:

```python
from crewai import Agent
from crewai_tools import DirectoryReadTool

# Initialize with a fixed directory
tool = DirectoryReadTool(directory="/path/to/your/directory")

# Create an agent with the tool
agent = Agent(
    role='File System Analyst',
    goal='Analyze directory contents',
    backstory='I help analyze and organize file systems',
    tools=[tool]
)

# Use in a task
task = Task(
    description="List all files in the project directory",
    agent=agent
)
```

### 2. Dynamic Directory Path

Initialize the tool without a specific directory path to provide it at runtime:

```python
from crewai import Agent
from crewai_tools import DirectoryReadTool

# Initialize without a fixed directory
tool = DirectoryReadTool()

# Create an agent with the tool
agent = Agent(
    role='File System Explorer',
    goal='Explore different directories',
    backstory='I analyze various directory structures',
    tools=[tool]
)

# Use in a task with dynamic directory path
task = Task(
    description="List all files in the specified directory",
    agent=agent,
    context={
        "directory": "/path/to/explore"
    }
)
```

## Input Schema

### Fixed Directory Mode
```python
class FixedDirectoryReadToolSchema(BaseModel):
    pass  # No additional parameters needed when directory is fixed
```

### Dynamic Directory Mode
```python
class DirectoryReadToolSchema(BaseModel):
    directory: str  # The path to the directory to list contents
```

## Function Signatures

```python
def __init__(self, directory: Optional[str] = None, **kwargs):
    """
    Initialize the Directory Read Tool.
    
    Args:
        directory (Optional[str]): Path to the directory (optional)
        **kwargs: Additional arguments passed to BaseTool
    """

def _run(
    self,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> str:
    """
    Execute the directory listing.
    
    Args:
        **kwargs: Arguments including 'directory' for dynamic mode
    
    Returns:
        str: A formatted string containing all file paths in the directory
    """
```

## Best Practices

1. **Path Handling**:
   - Use absolute paths to avoid path resolution issues
   - Handle trailing slashes appropriately
   - Verify directory existence before listing

2. **Performance Considerations**:
   - Be mindful of directory size when listing large directories
   - Consider implementing pagination for large directories
   - Handle symlinks appropriately

3. **Error Handling**:
   - Handle directory not found errors gracefully
   - Manage permission issues appropriately
   - Validate input parameters before processing

## Example Integration

Here's a complete example showing how to integrate the Directory Read Tool with CrewAI:

```python
from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew
from crewai_tools import DirectoryReadTool

# Initialize the tool
dir_tool = DirectoryReadTool()

# Create an agent with the tool
file_analyst = Agent(
    role='File System Analyst',
    goal='Analyze and report on directory structures',
    backstory='I am an expert at analyzing file system organization',
    tools=[dir_tool]
)

# Create tasks
analysis_task = Task(
    description="""
    Analyze the project directory structure:
    1. List all files recursively
    2. Identify key file types
    3. Report on directory organization
    
    Provide a comprehensive analysis of the findings.
    """,
    agent=file_analyst,
    context={
        "directory": "/path/to/project"
    }
)

# Create and run the crew
crew = Crew(
    agents=[file_analyst],
    tasks=[analysis_task]
)

result = crew.kickoff()
```

## Error Handling

The tool handles various error scenarios:

1. **Directory Not Found**:
   ```python
   try:
       tool = DirectoryReadTool(directory="/nonexistent/path")
   except FileNotFoundError:
       print("Directory not found. Please verify the path.")
   ```

2. **Permission Issues**:
   ```python
   try:
       tool = DirectoryReadTool(directory="/restricted/path")
   except PermissionError:
       print("Insufficient permissions to access the directory.")
   ```

3. **Invalid Path**:
   ```python
   try:
       result = tool._run(directory="invalid/path")
   except ValueError:
       print("Invalid directory path provided.")
   ```

## Output Format

The tool returns a formatted string containing all file paths in the directory:

```
File paths:
- /path/to/directory/file1.txt
- /path/to/directory/subdirectory/file2.txt
- /path/to/directory/subdirectory/file3.py
```


Each file path is listed on a new line with a hyphen prefix, making it easy to parse and read the output.