Fix type-checker error: replace JSONEncodeError with proper exception types

- Use json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError, ValueError instead of non-existent JSONEncodeError
- Addresses mypy type-checker failure in CI

Co-Authored-By: João <joao@crewai.com>

src/crewai/flow/persistence/sqlite.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Union
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 from crewai.flow.persistence.base import FlowPersistence
+from crewai.utilities.crew_json_encoder import CrewJSONEncoder
 
 
 class SQLiteFlowPersistence(FlowPersistence):
@@ -89,23 +90,26 @@ class SQLiteFlowPersistence(FlowPersistence):
                 f"state_data must be either a Pydantic BaseModel or dict, got {type(state_data)}"
             )
 
-        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+        try:
-            conn.execute(
+            with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
-                """
+                conn.execute(
-            INSERT INTO flow_states (
+                    """
-                flow_uuid,
+                INSERT INTO flow_states (
-                method_name,
-                timestamp,
-                state_json
-            ) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
-            """,
-                (
                     flow_uuid,
                     method_name,
-                    datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+                    timestamp,
-                    json.dumps(state_dict),
+                    state_json
-                ),
+                ) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
-            )
+                """,
+                    (
+                        flow_uuid,
+                        method_name,
+                        datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+                        json.dumps(state_dict, cls=CrewJSONEncoder),
+                    ),
+                )
+        except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError, ValueError) as e:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to serialize flow state: {str(e)}") from e
 
     def load_state(self, flow_uuid: str) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
         """Load the most recent state for a given flow UUID.

tests/test_flow_persistence.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 import os
 from typing import Dict
 
-import pytest
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 from crewai.flow.flow import Flow, FlowState, listen, start
@@ -208,3 +207,47 @@ def test_persist_decorator_verbose_logging(tmp_path, caplog):
     flow = VerboseFlow(persistence=persistence)
     flow.kickoff()
     assert "Saving flow state" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_nested_pydantic_model_persistence(tmp_path):
+    """Test persistence with nested Pydantic models (issue #2929)."""
+    from pydantic import Field
+    
+    db_path = os.path.join(tmp_path, "test_flows.db")
+    persistence = SQLiteFlowPersistence(db_path)
+
+    class CustomObject(BaseModel):
+        field_x: float | None = Field(description="foo bar", default=None)
+
+    class CustomState(FlowState):
+        custom_field: CustomObject | None = None
+
+    class NestedPydanticFlow(Flow[CustomState]):
+        initial_state = CustomState
+
+        @start()
+        @persist(persistence, verbose=True)
+        def set_nested_object(self):
+            self.state.custom_field = CustomObject(field_x=42.0)
+
+    flow = NestedPydanticFlow(persistence=persistence)
+    flow.kickoff()
+
+    saved_state = persistence.load_state(flow.state.id)
+    assert saved_state is not None
+    assert saved_state["custom_field"] is not None
+    assert saved_state["custom_field"]["field_x"] == 42.0
+
+    class NullNestedFlow(Flow[CustomState]):
+        initial_state = CustomState
+
+        @start()
+        @persist(persistence)
+        def set_null_nested(self):
+            self.state.custom_field = None
+
+    flow2 = NullNestedFlow(persistence=persistence)
+    flow2.kickoff()
+    saved_state2 = persistence.load_state(flow2.state.id)
+    assert saved_state2 is not None
+    assert saved_state2["custom_field"] is None