Merge branch 'main' into fix/_should_force_answer

src/crewai/agent.py

@@ -17,33 +17,26 @@ from crewai.memory.contextual.contextual_memory import ContextualMemory
 from crewai.task import Task
 from crewai.tools import BaseTool
 from crewai.tools.agent_tools.agent_tools import AgentTools
+from crewai.tools.base_tool import Tool
 from crewai.utilities import Converter, Prompts
 from crewai.utilities.constants import TRAINED_AGENTS_DATA_FILE, TRAINING_DATA_FILE
 from crewai.utilities.converter import generate_model_description
 from crewai.utilities.token_counter_callback import TokenCalcHandler
 from crewai.utilities.training_handler import CrewTrainingHandler
 
+agentops = None
 
-def mock_agent_ops_provider():
-    def track_agent(*args, **kwargs):
+try:
+    import agentops  # type: ignore # Name "agentops" is already defined
+    from agentops import track_agent  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+
+    def track_agent():
         def noop(f):
             return f
 
         return noop
 
-    return track_agent
-
-
-agentops = None
-
-if os.environ.get("AGENTOPS_API_KEY"):
-    try:
-        from agentops import track_agent
-    except ImportError:
-        track_agent = mock_agent_ops_provider()
-else:
-    track_agent = mock_agent_ops_provider()
-
 
 @track_agent()
 class Agent(BaseAgent):
@@ -122,6 +115,10 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
         default=2,
         description="Maximum number of retries for an agent to execute a task when an error occurs.",
     )
+    multimodal: bool = Field(
+        default=False,
+        description="Whether the agent is multimodal.",
+    )
     code_execution_mode: Literal["safe", "unsafe"] = Field(
         default="safe",
         description="Mode for code execution: 'safe' (using Docker) or 'unsafe' (direct execution).",
@@ -414,6 +411,10 @@ class Agent(BaseAgent):
         tools = agent_tools.tools()
         return tools
 
+    def get_multimodal_tools(self) -> List[Tool]:
+        from crewai.tools.agent_tools.add_image_tool import AddImageTool
+        return [AddImageTool()]
+
     def get_code_execution_tools(self):
         try:
             from crewai_tools import CodeInterpreterTool

src/crewai/agents/crew_agent_executor.py

@@ -143,10 +143,20 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(CrewAgentExecutorMixin):
                         tool_result = self._execute_tool_and_check_finality(
                             formatted_answer
                         )
-                        if self.step_callback:
-                            self.step_callback(tool_result)
 
-                        formatted_answer.text += f"\nObservation: {tool_result.result}"
+                        # Directly append the result to the messages if the
+                        # tool is "Add image to content" in case of multimodal
+                        # agents
+                        if formatted_answer.tool == self._i18n.tools("add_image")["name"]:
+                            self.messages.append(tool_result.result)
+                            continue
+
+                        else:
+                            if self.step_callback:
+                                self.step_callback(tool_result)
+
+                            formatted_answer.text += f"\nObservation: {tool_result.result}"
+
                         formatted_answer.result = tool_result.result
                         if tool_result.result_as_answer:
                             return AgentFinish(

src/crewai/cli/templates/crew/README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Welcome to the {{crew_name}} Crew project, powered by [crewAI](https://crewai.co
 
 ## Installation
 
-Ensure you have Python >=3.10 <=3.12 installed on your system. This project uses [UV](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) for dependency management and package handling, offering a seamless setup and execution experience.
+Ensure you have Python >=3.10 <3.13 installed on your system. This project uses [UV](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) for dependency management and package handling, offering a seamless setup and execution experience.
 
 First, if you haven't already, install uv:
 

src/crewai/cli/templates/crew/pyproject.toml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name = "{{folder_name}}"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "{{name}} using crewAI"
 authors = [{ name = "Your Name", email = "you@example.com" }]
-requires-python = ">=3.10,<=3.12"
+requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.13"
 dependencies = [
     "crewai[tools]>=0.86.0,<1.0.0"
 ]
@@ -18,3 +18,6 @@ test = "{{folder_name}}.main:test"
 [build-system]
 requires = ["hatchling"]
 build-backend = "hatchling.build"
+
+[tool.crewai]
+type = "crew"

src/crewai/cli/templates/flow/README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Welcome to the {{crew_name}} Crew project, powered by [crewAI](https://crewai.co
 
 ## Installation
 
-Ensure you have Python >=3.10 <=3.12 installed on your system. This project uses [UV](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) for dependency management and package handling, offering a seamless setup and execution experience.
+Ensure you have Python >=3.10 <3.13 installed on your system. This project uses [UV](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) for dependency management and package handling, offering a seamless setup and execution experience.
 
 First, if you haven't already, install uv:
 

src/crewai/cli/templates/flow/main.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 from crewai.flow.flow import Flow, listen, start
 
-from .crews.poem_crew.poem_crew import PoemCrew
+from {{folder_name}}.crews.poem_crew.poem_crew import PoemCrew
 
 
 class PoemState(BaseModel):

src/crewai/cli/templates/flow/pyproject.toml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name = "{{folder_name}}"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "{{name}} using crewAI"
 authors = [{ name = "Your Name", email = "you@example.com" }]
-requires-python = ">=3.10,<=3.12"
+requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.13"
 dependencies = [
     "crewai[tools]>=0.86.0,<1.0.0",
 ]
@@ -15,3 +15,6 @@ plot = "{{folder_name}}.main:plot"
 [build-system]
 requires = ["hatchling"]
 build-backend = "hatchling.build"
+
+[tool.crewai]
+type = "flow"

src/crewai/cli/templates/tool/README.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ custom tools to power up your crews.
 
 ## Installing
 
-Ensure you have Python >=3.10 <=3.12 installed on your system. This project
+Ensure you have Python >=3.10 <3.13 installed on your system. This project
 uses [UV](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) for dependency management and package
 handling, offering a seamless setup and execution experience.
 

src/crewai/cli/templates/tool/pyproject.toml

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ name = "{{folder_name}}"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Power up your crews with {{folder_name}}"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.10,<=3.12"
+requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.13"
 dependencies = [
     "crewai[tools]>=0.86.0"
 ]
 
+[tool.crewai]
+type = "tool"

src/crewai/crew.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
 import json
-import os
 import uuid
 import warnings
 from concurrent.futures import Future
@@ -36,6 +35,7 @@ from crewai.tasks.conditional_task import ConditionalTask
 from crewai.tasks.task_output import TaskOutput
 from crewai.telemetry import Telemetry
 from crewai.tools.agent_tools.agent_tools import AgentTools
+from crewai.tools.base_tool import Tool
 from crewai.types.usage_metrics import UsageMetrics
 from crewai.utilities import I18N, FileHandler, Logger, RPMController
 from crewai.utilities.constants import TRAINING_DATA_FILE
@@ -49,12 +49,10 @@ from crewai.utilities.planning_handler import CrewPlanner
 from crewai.utilities.task_output_storage_handler import TaskOutputStorageHandler
 from crewai.utilities.training_handler import CrewTrainingHandler
 
-agentops = None
-if os.environ.get("AGENTOPS_API_KEY"):
-    try:
-        import agentops  # type: ignore
-    except ImportError:
-        pass
+try:
+    import agentops  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    agentops = None
 
 
 warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=SyntaxWarning, module="pysbd")
@@ -536,9 +534,6 @@ class Crew(BaseModel):
             if not agent.function_calling_llm:  # type: ignore # "BaseAgent" has no attribute "function_calling_llm"
                 agent.function_calling_llm = self.function_calling_llm  # type: ignore # "BaseAgent" has no attribute "function_calling_llm"
 
-            if agent.allow_code_execution:  # type: ignore # BaseAgent" has no attribute "allow_code_execution"
-                agent.tools += agent.get_code_execution_tools()  # type: ignore # "BaseAgent" has no attribute "get_code_execution_tools"; maybe "get_delegation_tools"?
-
             if not agent.step_callback:  # type: ignore # "BaseAgent" has no attribute "step_callback"
                 agent.step_callback = self.step_callback  # type: ignore # "BaseAgent" has no attribute "step_callback"
 
@@ -675,7 +670,6 @@ class Crew(BaseModel):
                 )
                 manager.tools = []
                 raise Exception("Manager agent should not have tools")
-            manager.tools = self.manager_agent.get_delegation_tools(self.agents)
         else:
             self.manager_llm = (
                 getattr(self.manager_llm, "model_name", None)
@@ -687,6 +681,7 @@ class Crew(BaseModel):
                 goal=i18n.retrieve("hierarchical_manager_agent", "goal"),
                 backstory=i18n.retrieve("hierarchical_manager_agent", "backstory"),
                 tools=AgentTools(agents=self.agents).tools(),
+                allow_delegation=True,
                 llm=self.manager_llm,
                 verbose=self.verbose,
             )
@@ -729,7 +724,14 @@ class Crew(BaseModel):
                     f"No agent available for task: {task.description}. Ensure that either the task has an assigned agent or a manager agent is provided."
                 )
 
-            self._prepare_agent_tools(task)
+            # Determine which tools to use - task tools take precedence over agent tools
+            tools_for_task = task.tools or agent_to_use.tools or []
+            tools_for_task = self._prepare_tools(
+                agent_to_use,
+                task,
+                tools_for_task
+            )
+
             self._log_task_start(task, agent_to_use.role)
 
             if isinstance(task, ConditionalTask):
@@ -746,7 +748,7 @@ class Crew(BaseModel):
                 future = task.execute_async(
                     agent=agent_to_use,
                     context=context,
-                    tools=agent_to_use.tools,
+                    tools=tools_for_task,
                 )
                 futures.append((task, future, task_index))
             else:
@@ -758,7 +760,7 @@ class Crew(BaseModel):
                 task_output = task.execute_sync(
                     agent=agent_to_use,
                     context=context,
-                    tools=agent_to_use.tools,
+                    tools=tools_for_task,
                 )
                 task_outputs = [task_output]
                 self._process_task_result(task, task_output)
@@ -795,45 +797,67 @@ class Crew(BaseModel):
             return skipped_task_output
         return None
 
-    def _prepare_agent_tools(self, task: Task):
-        if self.process == Process.hierarchical:
-            if self.manager_agent:
-                self._update_manager_tools(task)
-            else:
-                raise ValueError("Manager agent is required for hierarchical process.")
-        elif task.agent and task.agent.allow_delegation:
-            self._add_delegation_tools(task)
+    def _prepare_tools(self, agent: BaseAgent, task: Task, tools: List[Tool]) -> List[Tool]:
+        # Add delegation tools if agent allows delegation
+        if agent.allow_delegation:
+            if self.process == Process.hierarchical:
+                if self.manager_agent:
+                    tools = self._update_manager_tools(task, tools)
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError("Manager agent is required for hierarchical process.")
+
+            elif agent and agent.allow_delegation:
+                tools = self._add_delegation_tools(task, tools)
+
+        # Add code execution tools if agent allows code execution
+        if agent.allow_code_execution:
+            tools = self._add_code_execution_tools(agent, tools)
+
+        if agent and agent.multimodal:
+            tools = self._add_multimodal_tools(agent, tools)
+
+        return tools
 
     def _get_agent_to_use(self, task: Task) -> Optional[BaseAgent]:
         if self.process == Process.hierarchical:
             return self.manager_agent
         return task.agent
 
-    def _add_delegation_tools(self, task: Task):
+    def _merge_tools(self, existing_tools: List[Tool], new_tools: List[Tool]) -> List[Tool]:
+        """Merge new tools into existing tools list, avoiding duplicates by tool name."""
+        if not new_tools:
+            return existing_tools
+
+        # Create mapping of tool names to new tools
+        new_tool_map = {tool.name: tool for tool in new_tools}
+
+        # Remove any existing tools that will be replaced
+        tools = [tool for tool in existing_tools if tool.name not in new_tool_map]
+
+        # Add all new tools
+        tools.extend(new_tools)
+
+        return tools
+
+    def _inject_delegation_tools(self, tools: List[Tool], task_agent: BaseAgent, agents: List[BaseAgent]):
+        delegation_tools = task_agent.get_delegation_tools(agents)
+        return self._merge_tools(tools, delegation_tools)
+
+    def _add_multimodal_tools(self, agent: BaseAgent, tools: List[Tool]):
+        multimodal_tools = agent.get_multimodal_tools()
+        return self._merge_tools(tools, multimodal_tools)
+
+    def _add_code_execution_tools(self, agent: BaseAgent, tools: List[Tool]):
+        code_tools = agent.get_code_execution_tools()
+        return self._merge_tools(tools, code_tools)
+
+    def _add_delegation_tools(self, task: Task, tools: List[Tool]):
         agents_for_delegation = [agent for agent in self.agents if agent != task.agent]
         if len(self.agents) > 1 and len(agents_for_delegation) > 0 and task.agent:
-            delegation_tools = task.agent.get_delegation_tools(agents_for_delegation)
-
-            # Add tools if they are not already in task.tools
-            for new_tool in delegation_tools:
-                # Find the index of the tool with the same name
-                existing_tool_index = next(
-                    (
-                        index
-                        for index, tool in enumerate(task.tools or [])
-                        if tool.name == new_tool.name
-                    ),
-                    None,
-                )
-                if not task.tools:
-                    task.tools = []
-
-                if existing_tool_index is not None:
-                    # Replace the existing tool
-                    task.tools[existing_tool_index] = new_tool
-                else:
-                    # Add the new tool
-                    task.tools.append(new_tool)
+            if not tools:
+                tools = []
+            tools = self._inject_delegation_tools(tools, task.agent, agents_for_delegation)
+        return tools
 
     def _log_task_start(self, task: Task, role: str = "None"):
         if self.output_log_file:
@@ -841,14 +865,13 @@ class Crew(BaseModel):
                 task_name=task.name, task=task.description, agent=role, status="started"
             )
 
-    def _update_manager_tools(self, task: Task):
+    def _update_manager_tools(self, task: Task, tools: List[Tool]):
         if self.manager_agent:
             if task.agent:
-                self.manager_agent.tools = task.agent.get_delegation_tools([task.agent])
+                tools = self._inject_delegation_tools(tools, task.agent, [task.agent])
             else:
-                self.manager_agent.tools = self.manager_agent.get_delegation_tools(
-                    self.agents
-                )
+                tools = self._inject_delegation_tools(tools, self.manager_agent, self.agents)
+        return tools
 
     def _get_context(self, task: Task, task_outputs: List[TaskOutput]):
         context = (

src/crewai/flow/flow.py

@@ -80,10 +80,27 @@ def listen(condition):
     return decorator
 
 
-def router(method):
+def router(condition):
     def decorator(func):
         func.__is_router__ = True
-        func.__router_for__ = method.__name__
+        # Handle conditions like listen/start
+        if isinstance(condition, str):
+            func.__trigger_methods__ = [condition]
+            func.__condition_type__ = "OR"
+        elif (
+            isinstance(condition, dict)
+            and "type" in condition
+            and "methods" in condition
+        ):
+            func.__trigger_methods__ = condition["methods"]
+            func.__condition_type__ = condition["type"]
+        elif callable(condition) and hasattr(condition, "__name__"):
+            func.__trigger_methods__ = [condition.__name__]
+            func.__condition_type__ = "OR"
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Condition must be a method, string, or a result of or_() or and_()"
+            )
         return func
 
     return decorator
@@ -123,8 +140,8 @@ class FlowMeta(type):
 
         start_methods = []
         listeners = {}
-        routers = {}
         router_paths = {}
+        routers = set()
 
         for attr_name, attr_value in dct.items():
             if hasattr(attr_value, "__is_start_method__"):
@@ -137,18 +154,11 @@ class FlowMeta(type):
                 methods = attr_value.__trigger_methods__
                 condition_type = getattr(attr_value, "__condition_type__", "OR")
                 listeners[attr_name] = (condition_type, methods)
-
-            elif hasattr(attr_value, "__is_router__"):
-                routers[attr_value.__router_for__] = attr_name
-                possible_returns = get_possible_return_constants(attr_value)
-                if possible_returns:
-                    router_paths[attr_name] = possible_returns
-
-                # Register router as a listener to its triggering method
-                trigger_method_name = attr_value.__router_for__
-                methods = [trigger_method_name]
-                condition_type = "OR"
-                listeners[attr_name] = (condition_type, methods)
+                if hasattr(attr_value, "__is_router__") and attr_value.__is_router__:
+                    routers.add(attr_name)
+                    possible_returns = get_possible_return_constants(attr_value)
+                    if possible_returns:
+                        router_paths[attr_name] = possible_returns
 
         setattr(cls, "_start_methods", start_methods)
         setattr(cls, "_listeners", listeners)
@@ -163,7 +173,7 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
 
     _start_methods: List[str] = []
     _listeners: Dict[str, tuple[str, List[str]]] = {}
-    _routers: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    _routers: Set[str] = set()
     _router_paths: Dict[str, List[str]] = {}
     initial_state: Union[Type[T], T, None] = None
     event_emitter = Signal("event_emitter")
@@ -210,20 +220,10 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
         return self._method_outputs
 
     def _initialize_state(self, inputs: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
-        """
-        Initializes or updates the state with the provided inputs.
-
-        Args:
-            inputs: Dictionary of inputs to initialize or update the state.
-
-        Raises:
-            ValueError: If inputs do not match the structured state model.
-            TypeError: If state is neither a BaseModel instance nor a dictionary.
-        """
         if isinstance(self._state, BaseModel):
-            # Structured state management
+            # Structured state
             try:
-                # Define a function to create the dynamic class
+
                 def create_model_with_extra_forbid(
                     base_model: Type[BaseModel],
                 ) -> Type[BaseModel]:
@@ -233,34 +233,20 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
 
                     return ModelWithExtraForbid
 
-                # Create the dynamic class
                 ModelWithExtraForbid = create_model_with_extra_forbid(
                     self._state.__class__
                 )
-
-                # Create a new instance using the combined state and inputs
                 self._state = cast(
                     T, ModelWithExtraForbid(**{**self._state.model_dump(), **inputs})
                 )
-
             except ValidationError as e:
                 raise ValueError(f"Invalid inputs for structured state: {e}") from e
         elif isinstance(self._state, dict):
-            # Unstructured state management
             self._state.update(inputs)
         else:
             raise TypeError("State must be a BaseModel instance or a dictionary.")
 
     def kickoff(self, inputs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> Any:
-        """
-        Starts the execution of the flow synchronously.
-
-        Args:
-            inputs: Optional dictionary of inputs to initialize or update the state.
-
-        Returns:
-            The final output from the flow execution.
-        """
         self.event_emitter.send(
             self,
             event=FlowStartedEvent(
@@ -274,15 +260,6 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
         return asyncio.run(self.kickoff_async())
 
     async def kickoff_async(self, inputs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> Any:
-        """
-        Starts the execution of the flow asynchronously.
-
-        Args:
-            inputs: Optional dictionary of inputs to initialize or update the state.
-
-        Returns:
-            The final output from the flow execution.
-        """
         if not self._start_methods:
             raise ValueError("No start method defined")
 
@@ -290,16 +267,12 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
             self.__class__.__name__, list(self._methods.keys())
         )
 
-        # Create tasks for all start methods
         tasks = [
             self._execute_start_method(start_method)
             for start_method in self._start_methods
         ]
-
-        # Run all start methods concurrently
         await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
 
-        # Determine the final output (from the last executed method)
         final_output = self._method_outputs[-1] if self._method_outputs else None
 
         self.event_emitter.send(
@@ -310,7 +283,6 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
                 result=final_output,
             ),
         )
-
         return final_output
 
     async def _execute_start_method(self, start_method_name: str) -> None:
@@ -327,49 +299,68 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
             if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(method)
             else method(*args, **kwargs)
         )
-        self._method_outputs.append(result)  # Store the output
-
-        # Track method execution counts
+        self._method_outputs.append(result)
         self._method_execution_counts[method_name] = (
             self._method_execution_counts.get(method_name, 0) + 1
         )
-
         return result
 
     async def _execute_listeners(self, trigger_method: str, result: Any) -> None:
-        listener_tasks = []
-
-        if trigger_method in self._routers:
-            router_method = self._methods[self._routers[trigger_method]]
-            path = await self._execute_method(
-                self._routers[trigger_method], router_method
+        # First, handle routers repeatedly until no router triggers anymore
+        while True:
+            routers_triggered = self._find_triggered_methods(
+                trigger_method, router_only=True
             )
-            trigger_method = path
+            if not routers_triggered:
+                break
+            for router_name in routers_triggered:
+                await self._execute_single_listener(router_name, result)
+                # After executing router, the router's result is the path
+                # The last router executed sets the trigger_method
+                # The router result is the last element in self._method_outputs
+                trigger_method = self._method_outputs[-1]
 
+        # Now that no more routers are triggered by current trigger_method,
+        # execute normal listeners
+        listeners_triggered = self._find_triggered_methods(
+            trigger_method, router_only=False
+        )
+        if listeners_triggered:
+            tasks = [
+                self._execute_single_listener(listener_name, result)
+                for listener_name in listeners_triggered
+            ]
+            await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+
+    def _find_triggered_methods(
+        self, trigger_method: str, router_only: bool
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        triggered = []
         for listener_name, (condition_type, methods) in self._listeners.items():
+            is_router = listener_name in self._routers
+
+            if router_only != is_router:
+                continue
+
             if condition_type == "OR":
+                # If the trigger_method matches any in methods, run this
                 if trigger_method in methods:
-                    # Schedule the listener without preventing re-execution
-                    listener_tasks.append(
-                        self._execute_single_listener(listener_name, result)
-                    )
+                    triggered.append(listener_name)
             elif condition_type == "AND":
                 # Initialize pending methods for this listener if not already done
                 if listener_name not in self._pending_and_listeners:
                     self._pending_and_listeners[listener_name] = set(methods)
                 # Remove the trigger method from pending methods
-                self._pending_and_listeners[listener_name].discard(trigger_method)
+                if trigger_method in self._pending_and_listeners[listener_name]:
+                    self._pending_and_listeners[listener_name].discard(trigger_method)
+
                 if not self._pending_and_listeners[listener_name]:
                     # All required methods have been executed
-                    listener_tasks.append(
-                        self._execute_single_listener(listener_name, result)
-                    )
+                    triggered.append(listener_name)
                     # Reset pending methods for this listener
                     self._pending_and_listeners.pop(listener_name, None)
 
-        # Run all listener tasks concurrently and wait for them to complete
-        if listener_tasks:
-            await asyncio.gather(*listener_tasks)
+        return triggered
 
     async def _execute_single_listener(self, listener_name: str, result: Any) -> None:
         try:
@@ -386,17 +377,13 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
 
             sig = inspect.signature(method)
             params = list(sig.parameters.values())
-
-            # Exclude 'self' parameter
             method_params = [p for p in params if p.name != "self"]
 
             if method_params:
-                # If listener expects parameters, pass the result
                 listener_result = await self._execute_method(
                     listener_name, method, result
                 )
             else:
-                # If listener does not expect parameters, call without arguments
                 listener_result = await self._execute_method(listener_name, method)
 
             self.event_emitter.send(
@@ -408,8 +395,9 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
                 ),
             )
 
-            # Execute listeners of this listener
+            # Execute listeners (and possibly routers) of this listener
             await self._execute_listeners(listener_name, listener_result)
+
         except Exception as e:
             print(
                 f"[Flow._execute_single_listener] Error in method {listener_name}: {e}"
@@ -422,5 +410,4 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
         self._telemetry.flow_plotting_span(
             self.__class__.__name__, list(self._methods.keys())
         )
-
         plot_flow(self, filename)

src/crewai/flow/utils.py

@@ -31,16 +31,50 @@ def get_possible_return_constants(function):
         print(f"Source code:\n{source}")
         return None
 
-    return_values = []
+    return_values = set()
+    dict_definitions = {}
+
+    class DictionaryAssignmentVisitor(ast.NodeVisitor):
+        def visit_Assign(self, node):
+            # Check if this assignment is assigning a dictionary literal to a variable
+            if isinstance(node.value, ast.Dict) and len(node.targets) == 1:
+                target = node.targets[0]
+                if isinstance(target, ast.Name):
+                    var_name = target.id
+                    dict_values = []
+                    # Extract string values from the dictionary
+                    for val in node.value.values:
+                        if isinstance(val, ast.Constant) and isinstance(val.value, str):
+                            dict_values.append(val.value)
+                        # If non-string, skip or just ignore
+                    if dict_values:
+                        dict_definitions[var_name] = dict_values
+            self.generic_visit(node)
 
     class ReturnVisitor(ast.NodeVisitor):
         def visit_Return(self, node):
-            # Check if the return value is a constant (Python 3.8+)
-            if isinstance(node.value, ast.Constant):
-                return_values.append(node.value.value)
+            # Direct string return
+            if isinstance(node.value, ast.Constant) and isinstance(
+                node.value.value, str
+            ):
+                return_values.add(node.value.value)
+            # Dictionary-based return, like return paths[result]
+            elif isinstance(node.value, ast.Subscript):
+                # Check if we're subscripting a known dictionary variable
+                if isinstance(node.value.value, ast.Name):
+                    var_name = node.value.value.id
+                    if var_name in dict_definitions:
+                        # Add all possible dictionary values
+                        for v in dict_definitions[var_name]:
+                            return_values.add(v)
+            self.generic_visit(node)
 
+    # First pass: identify dictionary assignments
+    DictionaryAssignmentVisitor().visit(code_ast)
+    # Second pass: identify returns
     ReturnVisitor().visit(code_ast)
-    return return_values
+
+    return list(return_values) if return_values else None
 
 
 def calculate_node_levels(flow):
@@ -61,10 +95,7 @@ def calculate_node_levels(flow):
         current_level = levels[current]
         visited.add(current)
 
-        for listener_name, (
-            condition_type,
-            trigger_methods,
-        ) in flow._listeners.items():
+        for listener_name, (condition_type, trigger_methods) in flow._listeners.items():
             if condition_type == "OR":
                 if current in trigger_methods:
                     if (
@@ -89,7 +120,7 @@ def calculate_node_levels(flow):
                             queue.append(listener_name)
 
         # Handle router connections
-        if current in flow._routers.values():
+        if current in flow._routers:
             router_method_name = current
             paths = flow._router_paths.get(router_method_name, [])
             for path in paths:
@@ -105,6 +136,7 @@ def calculate_node_levels(flow):
                             levels[listener_name] = current_level + 1
                             if listener_name not in visited:
                                 queue.append(listener_name)
+
     return levels
 
 
@@ -142,7 +174,7 @@ def dfs_ancestors(node, ancestors, visited, flow):
             dfs_ancestors(listener_name, ancestors, visited, flow)
 
     # Handle router methods separately
-    if node in flow._routers.values():
+    if node in flow._routers:
         router_method_name = node
         paths = flow._router_paths.get(router_method_name, [])
         for path in paths:

src/crewai/flow/visualization_utils.py

@@ -94,12 +94,14 @@ def add_edges(net, flow, node_positions, colors):
     ancestors = build_ancestor_dict(flow)
     parent_children = build_parent_children_dict(flow)
 
+    # Edges for normal listeners
     for method_name in flow._listeners:
         condition_type, trigger_methods = flow._listeners[method_name]
         is_and_condition = condition_type == "AND"
 
         for trigger in trigger_methods:
-            if trigger in flow._methods or trigger in flow._routers.values():
+            # Check if nodes exist before adding edges
+            if trigger in node_positions and method_name in node_positions:
                 is_router_edge = any(
                     trigger in paths for paths in flow._router_paths.values()
                 )
@@ -135,7 +137,22 @@ def add_edges(net, flow, node_positions, colors):
                 }
 
                 net.add_edge(trigger, method_name, **edge_style)
+            else:
+                # Nodes not found in node_positions. Check if it's a known router outcome and a known method.
+                is_router_edge = any(
+                    trigger in paths for paths in flow._router_paths.values()
+                )
+                # Check if method_name is a known method
+                method_known = method_name in flow._methods
 
+                # If it's a known router edge and the method is known, don't warn.
+                # This means the path is legitimate, just not reflected as nodes here.
+                if not (is_router_edge and method_known):
+                    print(
+                        f"Warning: No node found for '{trigger}' or '{method_name}'. Skipping edge."
+                    )
+
+    # Edges for router return paths
     for router_method_name, paths in flow._router_paths.items():
         for path in paths:
             for listener_name, (
@@ -143,36 +160,49 @@ def add_edges(net, flow, node_positions, colors):
                 trigger_methods,
             ) in flow._listeners.items():
                 if path in trigger_methods:
-                    is_cycle_edge = is_ancestor(trigger, method_name, ancestors)
-                    parent_has_multiple_children = (
-                        len(parent_children.get(router_method_name, [])) > 1
-                    )
-                    needs_curvature = is_cycle_edge or parent_has_multiple_children
+                    if (
+                        router_method_name in node_positions
+                        and listener_name in node_positions
+                    ):
+                        is_cycle_edge = is_ancestor(
+                            router_method_name, listener_name, ancestors
+                        )
+                        parent_has_multiple_children = (
+                            len(parent_children.get(router_method_name, [])) > 1
+                        )
+                        needs_curvature = is_cycle_edge or parent_has_multiple_children
 
-                    if needs_curvature:
-                        source_pos = node_positions.get(router_method_name)
-                        target_pos = node_positions.get(listener_name)
+                        if needs_curvature:
+                            source_pos = node_positions.get(router_method_name)
+                            target_pos = node_positions.get(listener_name)
 
-                        if source_pos and target_pos:
-                            dx = target_pos[0] - source_pos[0]
-                            smooth_type = "curvedCCW" if dx <= 0 else "curvedCW"
-                            index = get_child_index(
-                                router_method_name, listener_name, parent_children
-                            )
-                            edge_smooth = {
-                                "type": smooth_type,
-                                "roundness": 0.2 + (0.1 * index),
-                            }
+                            if source_pos and target_pos:
+                                dx = target_pos[0] - source_pos[0]
+                                smooth_type = "curvedCCW" if dx <= 0 else "curvedCW"
+                                index = get_child_index(
+                                    router_method_name, listener_name, parent_children
+                                )
+                                edge_smooth = {
+                                    "type": smooth_type,
+                                    "roundness": 0.2 + (0.1 * index),
+                                }
+                            else:
+                                edge_smooth = {"type": "cubicBezier"}
                         else:
-                            edge_smooth = {"type": "cubicBezier"}
-                    else:
-                        edge_smooth = False
+                            edge_smooth = False
 
-                    edge_style = {
-                        "color": colors["router_edge"],
-                        "width": 2,
-                        "arrows": "to",
-                        "dashes": True,
-                        "smooth": edge_smooth,
-                    }
-                    net.add_edge(router_method_name, listener_name, **edge_style)
+                        edge_style = {
+                            "color": colors["router_edge"],
+                            "width": 2,
+                            "arrows": "to",
+                            "dashes": True,
+                            "smooth": edge_smooth,
+                        }
+                        net.add_edge(router_method_name, listener_name, **edge_style)
+                    else:
+                        # Same check here: known router edge and known method?
+                        method_known = listener_name in flow._methods
+                        if not method_known:
+                            print(
+                                f"Warning: No node found for '{router_method_name}' or '{listener_name}'. Skipping edge."
+                            )

src/crewai/knowledge/knowledge.py

@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ class Knowledge(BaseModel):
     Knowledge is a collection of sources and setup for the vector store to save and query relevant context.
     Args:
         sources: List[BaseKnowledgeSource] = Field(default_factory=list)
-        storage: KnowledgeStorage = Field(default_factory=KnowledgeStorage)
+        storage: Optional[KnowledgeStorage] = Field(default=None)
         embedder_config: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
     """
 
     sources: List[BaseKnowledgeSource] = Field(default_factory=list)
     model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
-    storage: KnowledgeStorage = Field(default_factory=KnowledgeStorage)
+    storage: Optional[KnowledgeStorage] = Field(default=None)
     embedder_config: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
     collection_name: Optional[str] = None
 
@@ -49,8 +49,13 @@ class Knowledge(BaseModel):
         """
         Query across all knowledge sources to find the most relevant information.
         Returns the top_k most relevant chunks.
+        
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If storage is not initialized.
         """
-
+        if self.storage is None:
+            raise ValueError("Storage is not initialized.")
+            
         results = self.storage.search(
             query,
             limit,

src/crewai/knowledge/source/base_file_knowledge_source.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List, Union
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union
 
-from pydantic import Field
+from pydantic import Field, field_validator
 
 from crewai.knowledge.source.base_knowledge_source import BaseKnowledgeSource
 from crewai.knowledge.storage.knowledge_storage import KnowledgeStorage
@@ -14,17 +14,29 @@ class BaseFileKnowledgeSource(BaseKnowledgeSource, ABC):
     """Base class for knowledge sources that load content from files."""
 
     _logger: Logger = Logger(verbose=True)
-    file_path: Union[Path, List[Path], str, List[str]] = Field(
-        ..., description="The path to the file"
+    file_path: Optional[Union[Path, List[Path], str, List[str]]] = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="[Deprecated] The path to the file. Use file_paths instead.",
+    )
+    file_paths: Optional[Union[Path, List[Path], str, List[str]]] = Field(
+        default_factory=list, description="The path to the file"
     )
     content: Dict[Path, str] = Field(init=False, default_factory=dict)
-    storage: KnowledgeStorage = Field(default_factory=KnowledgeStorage)
+    storage: Optional[KnowledgeStorage] = Field(default=None)
     safe_file_paths: List[Path] = Field(default_factory=list)
 
+    @field_validator("file_path", "file_paths", mode="before")
+    def validate_file_path(cls, v, info):
+        """Validate that at least one of file_path or file_paths is provided."""
+        # Single check if both are None, O(1) instead of nested conditions
+        if v is None and info.data.get("file_path" if info.field_name == "file_paths" else "file_paths") is None:
+            raise ValueError("Either file_path or file_paths must be provided")
+        return v
+
     def model_post_init(self, _):
         """Post-initialization method to load content."""
         self.safe_file_paths = self._process_file_paths()
-        self.validate_paths()
+        self.validate_content()
         self.content = self.load_content()
 
     @abstractmethod
@@ -32,7 +44,7 @@ class BaseFileKnowledgeSource(BaseKnowledgeSource, ABC):
         """Load and preprocess file content. Should be overridden by subclasses. Assume that the file path is relative to the project root in the knowledge directory."""
         pass
 
-    def validate_paths(self):
+    def validate_content(self):
         """Validate the paths."""
         for path in self.safe_file_paths:
             if not path.exists():
@@ -51,7 +63,10 @@ class BaseFileKnowledgeSource(BaseKnowledgeSource, ABC):
 
     def _save_documents(self):
         """Save the documents to the storage."""
-        self.storage.save(self.chunks)
+        if self.storage:
+            self.storage.save(self.chunks)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("No storage found to save documents.")
 
     def convert_to_path(self, path: Union[Path, str]) -> Path:
         """Convert a path to a Path object."""
@@ -59,13 +74,30 @@ class BaseFileKnowledgeSource(BaseKnowledgeSource, ABC):
 
     def _process_file_paths(self) -> List[Path]:
         """Convert file_path to a list of Path objects."""
-        paths = (
-            [self.file_path]
-            if isinstance(self.file_path, (str, Path))
-            else self.file_path
+
+        if hasattr(self, "file_path") and self.file_path is not None:
+            self._logger.log(
+                "warning",
+                "The 'file_path' attribute is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Please use 'file_paths' instead.",
+                color="yellow",
+            )
+            self.file_paths = self.file_path
+
+        if self.file_paths is None:
+            raise ValueError("Your source must be provided with a file_paths: []")
+
+        # Convert single path to list
+        path_list: List[Union[Path, str]] = (
+            [self.file_paths]
+            if isinstance(self.file_paths, (str, Path))
+            else list(self.file_paths)
+            if isinstance(self.file_paths, list)
+            else []
         )
 
-        if not isinstance(paths, list):
-            raise ValueError("file_path must be a Path, str, or a list of these types")
+        if not path_list:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "file_path/file_paths must be a Path, str, or a list of these types"
+            )
 
-        return [self.convert_to_path(path) for path in paths]
+        return [self.convert_to_path(path) for path in path_list]

src/crewai/knowledge/source/base_knowledge_source.py

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ class BaseKnowledgeSource(BaseModel, ABC):
     chunk_embeddings: List[np.ndarray] = Field(default_factory=list)
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
-    storage: KnowledgeStorage = Field(default_factory=KnowledgeStorage)
+    storage: Optional[KnowledgeStorage] = Field(default=None)
     metadata: Dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)  # Currently unused
     collection_name: Optional[str] = Field(default=None)
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def load_content(self) -> Dict[Any, str]:
+    def validate_content(self) -> Any:
         """Load and preprocess content from the source."""
         pass
 
@@ -46,4 +46,7 @@ class BaseKnowledgeSource(BaseModel, ABC):
         Save the documents to the storage.
         This method should be called after the chunks and embeddings are generated.
         """
-        self.storage.save(self.chunks)
+        if self.storage:
+            self.storage.save(self.chunks)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("No storage found to save documents.")

src/crewai/knowledge/source/crew_docling_source.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Iterator, List, Optional, Union
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+from docling.datamodel.base_models import InputFormat
+from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter
+from docling.exceptions import ConversionError
+from docling_core.transforms.chunker.hierarchical_chunker import HierarchicalChunker
+from docling_core.types.doc.document import DoclingDocument
+from pydantic import Field
+
+from crewai.knowledge.source.base_knowledge_source import BaseKnowledgeSource
+from crewai.utilities.constants import KNOWLEDGE_DIRECTORY
+from crewai.utilities.logger import Logger
+
+
+class CrewDoclingSource(BaseKnowledgeSource):
+    """Default Source class for converting documents to markdown or json
+    This will auto support PDF, DOCX, and TXT, XLSX, Images, and HTML files without any additional dependencies and follows the docling package as the source of truth.
+    """
+
+    _logger: Logger = Logger(verbose=True)
+
+    file_path: Optional[List[Union[Path, str]]] = Field(default=None)
+    file_paths: List[Union[Path, str]] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    chunks: List[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    safe_file_paths: List[Union[Path, str]] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    content: List[DoclingDocument] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    document_converter: DocumentConverter = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: DocumentConverter(
+            allowed_formats=[
+                InputFormat.MD,
+                InputFormat.ASCIIDOC,
+                InputFormat.PDF,
+                InputFormat.DOCX,
+                InputFormat.HTML,
+                InputFormat.IMAGE,
+                InputFormat.XLSX,
+                InputFormat.PPTX,
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+
+    def model_post_init(self, _) -> None:
+        if self.file_path:
+            self._logger.log(
+                "warning",
+                "The 'file_path' attribute is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Please use 'file_paths' instead.",
+                color="yellow",
+            )
+            self.file_paths = self.file_path
+        self.safe_file_paths = self.validate_content()
+        self.content = self._load_content()
+
+    def _load_content(self) -> List[DoclingDocument]:
+        try:
+            return self._convert_source_to_docling_documents()
+        except ConversionError as e:
+            self._logger.log(
+                "error",
+                f"Error loading content: {e}. Supported formats: {self.document_converter.allowed_formats}",
+                "red",
+            )
+            raise e
+        except Exception as e:
+            self._logger.log("error", f"Error loading content: {e}")
+            raise e
+
+    def add(self) -> None:
+        if self.content is None:
+            return
+        for doc in self.content:
+            new_chunks_iterable = self._chunk_doc(doc)
+            self.chunks.extend(list(new_chunks_iterable))
+        self._save_documents()
+
+    def _convert_source_to_docling_documents(self) -> List[DoclingDocument]:
+        conv_results_iter = self.document_converter.convert_all(self.safe_file_paths)
+        return [result.document for result in conv_results_iter]
+
+    def _chunk_doc(self, doc: DoclingDocument) -> Iterator[str]:
+        chunker = HierarchicalChunker()
+        for chunk in chunker.chunk(doc):
+            yield chunk.text
+
+    def validate_content(self) -> List[Union[Path, str]]:
+        processed_paths: List[Union[Path, str]] = []
+        for path in self.file_paths:
+            if isinstance(path, str):
+                if path.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+                    try:
+                        if self._validate_url(path):
+                            processed_paths.append(path)
+                        else:
+                            raise ValueError(f"Invalid URL format: {path}")
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        raise ValueError(f"Invalid URL: {path}. Error: {str(e)}")
+                else:
+                    local_path = Path(KNOWLEDGE_DIRECTORY + "/" + path)
+                    if local_path.exists():
+                        processed_paths.append(local_path)
+                    else:
+                        raise FileNotFoundError(f"File not found: {local_path}")
+            else:
+                # this is an instance of Path
+                processed_paths.append(path)
+        return processed_paths
+
+    def _validate_url(self, url: str) -> bool:
+        try:
+            result = urlparse(url)
+            return all(
+                [
+                    result.scheme in ("http", "https"),
+                    result.netloc,
+                    len(result.netloc.split(".")) >= 2,  # Ensure domain has TLD
+                ]
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            return False

src/crewai/knowledge/source/string_knowledge_source.py

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ class StringKnowledgeSource(BaseKnowledgeSource):
 
     def model_post_init(self, _):
         """Post-initialization method to validate content."""
-        self.load_content()
+        self.validate_content()
 
-    def load_content(self):
+    def validate_content(self):
         """Validate string content."""
         if not isinstance(self.content, str):
             raise ValueError("StringKnowledgeSource only accepts string content")

src/crewai/knowledge/storage/knowledge_storage.py

@@ -124,43 +124,60 @@ class KnowledgeStorage(BaseKnowledgeStorage):
         documents: List[str],
         metadata: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], List[Dict[str, Any]]]] = None,
     ):
-        if self.collection:
-            try:
-                if metadata is None:
-                    metadatas: Optional[OneOrMany[chromadb.Metadata]] = None
-                elif isinstance(metadata, list):
-                    metadatas = [cast(chromadb.Metadata, m) for m in metadata]
-                else:
-                    metadatas = cast(chromadb.Metadata, metadata)
-
-                ids = [
-                    hashlib.sha256(doc.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest() for doc in documents
-                ]
-
-                self.collection.upsert(
-                    documents=documents,
-                    metadatas=metadatas,
-                    ids=ids,
-                )
-            except chromadb.errors.InvalidDimensionException as e:
-                Logger(verbose=True).log(
-                    "error",
-                    "Embedding dimension mismatch. This usually happens when mixing different embedding models. Try resetting the collection using `crewai reset-memories -a`",
-                    "red",
-                )
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Embedding dimension mismatch. Make sure you're using the same embedding model "
-                    "across all operations with this collection."
-                    "Try resetting the collection using `crewai reset-memories -a`"
-                ) from e
-            except Exception as e:
-                Logger(verbose=True).log(
-                    "error", f"Failed to upsert documents: {e}", "red"
-                )
-                raise
-        else:
+        if not self.collection:
             raise Exception("Collection not initialized")
 
+        try:
+            # Create a dictionary to store unique documents
+            unique_docs = {}
+
+            # Generate IDs and create a mapping of id -> (document, metadata)
+            for idx, doc in enumerate(documents):
+                doc_id = hashlib.sha256(doc.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+                doc_metadata = None
+                if metadata is not None:
+                    if isinstance(metadata, list):
+                        doc_metadata = metadata[idx]
+                    else:
+                        doc_metadata = metadata
+                unique_docs[doc_id] = (doc, doc_metadata)
+
+            # Prepare filtered lists for ChromaDB
+            filtered_docs = []
+            filtered_metadata = []
+            filtered_ids = []
+
+            # Build the filtered lists
+            for doc_id, (doc, meta) in unique_docs.items():
+                filtered_docs.append(doc)
+                filtered_metadata.append(meta)
+                filtered_ids.append(doc_id)
+
+            # If we have no metadata at all, set it to None
+            final_metadata: Optional[OneOrMany[chromadb.Metadata]] = (
+                None if all(m is None for m in filtered_metadata) else filtered_metadata
+            )
+
+            self.collection.upsert(
+                documents=filtered_docs,
+                metadatas=final_metadata,
+                ids=filtered_ids,
+            )
+        except chromadb.errors.InvalidDimensionException as e:
+            Logger(verbose=True).log(
+                "error",
+                "Embedding dimension mismatch. This usually happens when mixing different embedding models. Try resetting the collection using `crewai reset-memories -a`",
+                "red",
+            )
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Embedding dimension mismatch. Make sure you're using the same embedding model "
+                "across all operations with this collection."
+                "Try resetting the collection using `crewai reset-memories -a`"
+            ) from e
+        except Exception as e:
+            Logger(verbose=True).log("error", f"Failed to upsert documents: {e}", "red")
+            raise
+
     def _create_default_embedding_function(self):
         from chromadb.utils.embedding_functions.openai_embedding_function import (
             OpenAIEmbeddingFunction,

src/crewai/llm.py

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ LLM_CONTEXT_WINDOW_SIZES = {
     "o1-preview": 128000,
     "o1-mini": 128000,
     # gemini
+    "gemini-2.0-flash": 1048576,
     "gemini-1.5-pro": 2097152,
     "gemini-1.5-flash": 1048576,
     "gemini-1.5-flash-8b": 1048576,
@@ -63,6 +64,8 @@ LLM_CONTEXT_WINDOW_SIZES = {
     "llama3-70b-8192": 8192,
     "llama3-8b-8192": 8192,
     "mixtral-8x7b-32768": 32768,
+    "llama-3.3-70b-versatile": 128000,
+    "llama-3.3-70b-instruct": 128000,
 }
 
 DEFAULT_CONTEXT_WINDOW_SIZE = 8192

src/crewai/task.py

@@ -1,12 +1,25 @@
 import datetime
+import inspect
 import json
+import logging
 import threading
 import uuid
 from concurrent.futures import Future
 from copy import copy
 from hashlib import md5
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, Union
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
 
 from opentelemetry.trace import Span
 from pydantic import (
@@ -20,6 +33,7 @@ from pydantic import (
 from pydantic_core import PydanticCustomError
 
 from crewai.agents.agent_builder.base_agent import BaseAgent
+from crewai.tasks.guardrail_result import GuardrailResult
 from crewai.tasks.output_format import OutputFormat
 from crewai.tasks.task_output import TaskOutput
 from crewai.telemetry.telemetry import Telemetry
@@ -49,6 +63,7 @@ class Task(BaseModel):
     """
 
     __hash__ = object.__hash__  # type: ignore
+    logger: ClassVar[logging.Logger] = logging.getLogger(__name__)
     used_tools: int = 0
     tools_errors: int = 0
     delegations: int = 0
@@ -110,6 +125,55 @@ class Task(BaseModel):
         default=None,
     )
     processed_by_agents: Set[str] = Field(default_factory=set)
+    guardrail: Optional[Callable[[TaskOutput], Tuple[bool, Any]]] = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Function to validate task output before proceeding to next task"
+    )
+    max_retries: int = Field(
+        default=3,
+        description="Maximum number of retries when guardrail fails"
+    )
+    retry_count: int = Field(
+        default=0,
+        description="Current number of retries"
+    )
+
+    @field_validator("guardrail")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_guardrail_function(cls, v: Optional[Callable]) -> Optional[Callable]:
+        """Validate that the guardrail function has the correct signature and behavior.
+        
+        While type hints provide static checking, this validator ensures runtime safety by:
+        1. Verifying the function accepts exactly one parameter (the TaskOutput)
+        2. Checking return type annotations match Tuple[bool, Any] if present
+        3. Providing clear, immediate error messages for debugging
+        
+        This runtime validation is crucial because:
+        - Type hints are optional and can be ignored at runtime
+        - Function signatures need immediate validation before task execution
+        - Clear error messages help users debug guardrail implementation issues
+        
+        Args:
+            v: The guardrail function to validate
+            
+        Returns:
+            The validated guardrail function
+            
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the function signature is invalid or return annotation
+                       doesn't match Tuple[bool, Any]
+        """
+        if v is not None:
+            sig = inspect.signature(v)
+            if len(sig.parameters) != 1:
+                raise ValueError("Guardrail function must accept exactly one parameter")
+
+            # Check return annotation if present, but don't require it
+            return_annotation = sig.return_annotation
+            if return_annotation != inspect.Signature.empty:
+                if not (return_annotation == Tuple[bool, Any] or str(return_annotation) == 'Tuple[bool, Any]'):
+                    raise ValueError("If return type is annotated, it must be Tuple[bool, Any]")
+        return v
 
     _telemetry: Telemetry = PrivateAttr(default_factory=Telemetry)
     _execution_span: Optional[Span] = PrivateAttr(default=None)
@@ -254,7 +318,6 @@ class Task(BaseModel):
         )
 
         pydantic_output, json_output = self._export_output(result)
-
         task_output = TaskOutput(
             name=self.name,
             description=self.description,
@@ -265,6 +328,37 @@ class Task(BaseModel):
             agent=agent.role,
             output_format=self._get_output_format(),
         )
+
+        if self.guardrail:
+            guardrail_result = GuardrailResult.from_tuple(self.guardrail(task_output))
+            if not guardrail_result.success:
+                if self.retry_count >= self.max_retries:
+                    raise Exception(
+                        f"Task failed guardrail validation after {self.max_retries} retries. "
+                        f"Last error: {guardrail_result.error}"
+                    )
+
+                self.retry_count += 1
+                context = (
+                    f"### Previous attempt failed validation: {guardrail_result.error}\n\n\n"
+                    f"### Previous result:\n{task_output.raw}\n\n\n"
+                    "Try again, making sure to address the validation error."
+                )
+                return self._execute_core(agent, context, tools)
+
+            if guardrail_result.result is None:
+                raise Exception(
+                    "Task guardrail returned None as result. This is not allowed."
+                )
+
+            if isinstance(guardrail_result.result, str):
+                task_output.raw = guardrail_result.result
+                pydantic_output, json_output = self._export_output(guardrail_result.result)
+                task_output.pydantic = pydantic_output
+                task_output.json_dict = json_output
+            elif isinstance(guardrail_result.result, TaskOutput):
+                task_output = guardrail_result.result
+
         self.output = task_output
 
         self._set_end_execution_time(start_time)
@@ -308,7 +402,18 @@ class Task(BaseModel):
 
         if inputs:
             self.description = self._original_description.format(**inputs)
-            self.expected_output = self._original_expected_output.format(**inputs)
+            self.expected_output = self.interpolate_only(
+                input_string=self._original_expected_output, inputs=inputs
+            )
+
+    def interpolate_only(self, input_string: str, inputs: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+        """Interpolate placeholders (e.g., {key}) in a string while leaving JSON untouched."""
+        escaped_string = input_string.replace("{", "{{").replace("}", "}}")
+
+        for key in inputs.keys():
+            escaped_string = escaped_string.replace(f"{{{{{key}}}}}", f"{{{key}}}")
+
+        return escaped_string.format(**inputs)
 
     def increment_tools_errors(self) -> None:
         """Increment the tools errors counter."""
@@ -390,22 +495,33 @@ class Task(BaseModel):
         return OutputFormat.RAW
 
     def _save_file(self, result: Any) -> None:
+        """Save task output to a file.
+        
+        Args:
+            result: The result to save to the file. Can be a dict or any stringifiable object.
+            
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If output_file is not set
+            RuntimeError: If there is an error writing to the file
+        """
         if self.output_file is None:
             raise ValueError("output_file is not set.")
 
-        resolved_path = Path(self.output_file).expanduser().resolve()
-        directory = resolved_path.parent
+        try:
+            resolved_path = Path(self.output_file).expanduser().resolve()
+            directory = resolved_path.parent
 
-        if not directory.exists():
-            directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            if not directory.exists():
+                directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
-        with resolved_path.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as file:
-            if isinstance(result, dict):
-                import json
-
-                json.dump(result, file, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
-            else:
-                file.write(str(result))
+            with resolved_path.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as file:
+                if isinstance(result, dict):
+                    import json
+                    json.dump(result, file, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+                else:
+                    file.write(str(result))
+        except (OSError, IOError) as e:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to save output file: {e}")
         return None
 
     def __repr__(self):

src/crewai/tasks/guardrail_result.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+"""
+Module for handling task guardrail validation results.
+
+This module provides the GuardrailResult class which standardizes
+the way task guardrails return their validation results.
+"""
+
+from typing import Any, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, field_validator
+
+
+class GuardrailResult(BaseModel):
+    """Result from a task guardrail execution.
+
+    This class standardizes the return format of task guardrails,
+    converting tuple responses into a structured format that can
+    be easily handled by the task execution system.
+
+    Attributes:
+        success (bool): Whether the guardrail validation passed
+        result (Any, optional): The validated/transformed result if successful
+        error (str, optional): Error message if validation failed
+    """
+    success: bool
+    result: Optional[Any] = None
+    error: Optional[str] = None
+
+    @field_validator("result", "error")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_result_error_exclusivity(cls, v: Any, info) -> Any:
+        values = info.data
+        if "success" in values:
+            if values["success"] and v and "error" in values and values["error"]:
+                raise ValueError("Cannot have both result and error when success is True")
+            if not values["success"] and v and "result" in values and values["result"]:
+                raise ValueError("Cannot have both result and error when success is False")
+        return v
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_tuple(cls, result: Tuple[bool, Union[Any, str]]) -> "GuardrailResult":
+        """Create a GuardrailResult from a validation tuple.
+
+        Args:
+            result: A tuple of (success, data) where data is either
+                   the validated result or error message.
+
+        Returns:
+            GuardrailResult: A new instance with the tuple data.
+        """
+        success, data = result
+        return cls(
+            success=success,
+            result=data if success else None,
+            error=data if not success else None
+        )

src/crewai/tools/agent_tools/add_image_tool.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Union
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+from crewai.tools.base_tool import BaseTool
+from crewai.utilities import I18N
+
+i18n = I18N()
+
+class AddImageToolSchema(BaseModel):
+    image_url: str = Field(..., description="The URL or path of the image to add")
+    action: Optional[str] = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Optional context or question about the image"
+    )
+
+
+class AddImageTool(BaseTool):
+    """Tool for adding images to the content"""
+
+    name: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: i18n.tools("add_image")["name"])  # type: ignore
+    description: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: i18n.tools("add_image")["description"])  # type: ignore
+    args_schema: type[BaseModel] = AddImageToolSchema
+
+    def _run(
+        self,
+        image_url: str,
+        action: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> dict:
+        action = action or i18n.tools("add_image")["default_action"]  # type: ignore
+        content = [
+            {"type": "text", "text": action},
+            {
+                "type": "image_url",
+                "image_url": {
+                    "url": image_url,
+                },
+            }
+        ]
+
+        return {
+            "role": "user",
+            "content": content
+        }

src/crewai/tools/agent_tools/agent_tools.py

@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ class AgentTools:
         delegate_tool = DelegateWorkTool(
             agents=self.agents,
             i18n=self.i18n,
-            description=self.i18n.tools("delegate_work").format(coworkers=coworkers),
+            description=self.i18n.tools("delegate_work").format(coworkers=coworkers),  # type: ignore
         )
 
         ask_tool = AskQuestionTool(
             agents=self.agents,
             i18n=self.i18n,
-            description=self.i18n.tools("ask_question").format(coworkers=coworkers),
+            description=self.i18n.tools("ask_question").format(coworkers=coworkers),  # type: ignore
         )
 
         return [delegate_tool, ask_tool]

src/crewai/tools/tool_usage.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import ast
 import datetime
-import os
 import time
 from difflib import SequenceMatcher
 from textwrap import dedent
@@ -11,18 +10,16 @@ from crewai.agents.tools_handler import ToolsHandler
 from crewai.task import Task
 from crewai.telemetry import Telemetry
 from crewai.tools import BaseTool
+from crewai.tools.structured_tool import CrewStructuredTool
 from crewai.tools.tool_calling import InstructorToolCalling, ToolCalling
 from crewai.tools.tool_usage_events import ToolUsageError, ToolUsageFinished
 from crewai.utilities import I18N, Converter, ConverterError, Printer
 
-agentops = None
-if os.environ.get("AGENTOPS_API_KEY"):
-    try:
-        import agentops  # type: ignore
-    except ImportError:
-        pass
-
-OPENAI_BIGGER_MODELS = ["gpt-4", "gpt-4o", "o1-preview", "o1-mini"]
+try:
+    import agentops  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    agentops = None
+OPENAI_BIGGER_MODELS = ["gpt-4", "gpt-4o", "o1-preview", "o1-mini", "o1", "o3", "o3-mini"]
 
 
 class ToolUsageErrorException(Exception):
@@ -106,6 +103,19 @@ class ToolUsage:
             if self.agent.verbose:
                 self._printer.print(content=f"\n\n{error}\n", color="red")
             return error
+
+        if isinstance(tool, CrewStructuredTool) and tool.name == self._i18n.tools("add_image")["name"]:  # type: ignore
+            try:
+                result = self._use(tool_string=tool_string, tool=tool, calling=calling)
+                return result
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                error = getattr(e, "message", str(e))
+                self.task.increment_tools_errors()
+                if self.agent.verbose:
+                    self._printer.print(content=f"\n\n{error}\n", color="red")
+                return error
+
         return f"{self._use(tool_string=tool_string, tool=tool, calling=calling)}"  # type: ignore # BUG?: "_use" of "ToolUsage" does not return a value (it only ever returns None)
 
     def _use(
@@ -422,9 +432,10 @@ class ToolUsage:
                 elif value.lower() in [
                     "true",
                     "false",
-                    "null",
                 ]:  # Check for boolean and null values
-                    value = value.lower()
+                    value = value.lower().capitalize()
+                elif value.lower() == "null":
+                    value = "None"
                 else:
                     # Assume the value is a string and needs quotes
                     value = '"' + value.replace('"', '\\"') + '"'

src/crewai/translations/en.json

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     "tools": "\nYou ONLY have access to the following tools, and should NEVER make up tools that are not listed here:\n\n{tools}\n\nUse the following format:\n\nThought: you should always think about what to do\nAction: the action to take, only one name of [{tool_names}], just the name, exactly as it's written.\nAction Input: the input to the action, just a simple python dictionary, enclosed in curly braces, using \" to wrap keys and values.\nObservation: the result of the action\n\nOnce all necessary information is gathered:\n\nThought: I now know the final answer\nFinal Answer: the final answer to the original input question\n",
     "no_tools": "\nTo give my best complete final answer to the task use the exact following format:\n\nThought: I now can give a great answer\nFinal Answer: Your final answer must be the great and the most complete as possible, it must be outcome described.\n\nI MUST use these formats, my job depends on it!",
     "format": "I MUST either use a tool (use one at time) OR give my best final answer not both at the same time. To Use the following format:\n\nThought: you should always think about what to do\nAction: the action to take, should be one of [{tool_names}]\nAction Input: the input to the action, dictionary enclosed in curly braces\nObservation: the result of the action\n... (this Thought/Action/Action Input/Result can repeat N times)\nThought: I now can give a great answer\nFinal Answer: Your final answer must be the great and the most complete as possible, it must be outcome described\n\n",
-    "final_answer_format": "If you don't need to use any more tools, you must give your best complete final answer, make sure it satisfy the expect criteria, use the EXACT format below:\n\nThought: I now can give a great answer\nFinal Answer: my best complete final answer to the task.\n\n",
+    "final_answer_format": "If you don't need to use any more tools, you must give your best complete final answer, make sure it satisfies the expected criteria, use the EXACT format below:\n\nThought: I now can give a great answer\nFinal Answer: my best complete final answer to the task.\n\n",
     "format_without_tools": "\nSorry, I didn't use the right format. I MUST either use a tool (among the available ones), OR give my best final answer.\nI just remembered the expected format I must follow:\n\nQuestion: the input question you must answer\nThought: you should always think about what to do\nAction: the action to take, should be one of [{tool_names}]\nAction Input: the input to the action\nObservation: the result of the action\n... (this Thought/Action/Action Input/Result can repeat N times)\nThought: I now can give a great answer\nFinal Answer: Your final answer must be the great and the most complete as possible, it must be outcome described\n\n",
     "task_with_context": "{task}\n\nThis is the context you're working with:\n{context}",
     "expected_output": "\nThis is the expect criteria for your final answer: {expected_output}\nyou MUST return the actual complete content as the final answer, not a summary.",
@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@
   },
   "tools": {
     "delegate_work": "Delegate a specific task to one of the following coworkers: {coworkers}\nThe input to this tool should be the coworker, the task you want them to do, and ALL necessary context to execute the task, they know nothing about the task, so share absolute everything you know, don't reference things but instead explain them.",
-    "ask_question": "Ask a specific question to one of the following coworkers: {coworkers}\nThe input to this tool should be the coworker, the question you have for them, and ALL necessary context to ask the question properly, they know nothing about the question, so share absolute everything you know, don't reference things but instead explain them."
+    "ask_question": "Ask a specific question to one of the following coworkers: {coworkers}\nThe input to this tool should be the coworker, the question you have for them, and ALL necessary context to ask the question properly, they know nothing about the question, so share absolute everything you know, don't reference things but instead explain them.",
+    "add_image": {
+      "name": "Add image to content",
+      "description": "See image to understand it's content, you can optionally ask a question about the image",
+      "default_action": "Please provide a detailed description of this image, including all visual elements, context, and any notable details you can observe."
+    }
   }
 }

src/crewai/utilities/crew_json_encoder.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import json
 from datetime import date, datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
 from uuid import UUID
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ class CrewJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
     def default(self, obj):
         if isinstance(obj, BaseModel):
             return self._handle_pydantic_model(obj)
-        elif isinstance(obj, UUID) or isinstance(obj, Decimal):
+        elif isinstance(obj, UUID) or isinstance(obj, Decimal) or isinstance(obj, Enum):
             return str(obj)
 
         elif isinstance(obj, datetime) or isinstance(obj, date):

src/crewai/utilities/evaluators/task_evaluator.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import os
 from typing import List
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
@@ -6,27 +5,17 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 from crewai.utilities import Converter
 from crewai.utilities.pydantic_schema_parser import PydanticSchemaParser
 
+agentops = None
+try:
+    from agentops import track_agent  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
 
-def mock_agent_ops_provider():
-    def track_agent(*args, **kwargs):
+    def track_agent(name):
         def noop(f):
             return f
 
         return noop
 
-    return track_agent
-
-
-agentops = None
-
-if os.environ.get("AGENTOPS_API_KEY"):
-    try:
-        from agentops import track_agent
-    except ImportError:
-        track_agent = mock_agent_ops_provider()
-else:
-    track_agent = mock_agent_ops_provider()
-
 
 class Entity(BaseModel):
     name: str = Field(description="The name of the entity.")

src/crewai/utilities/i18n.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import os
-from typing import Dict, Optional
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Union
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, PrivateAttr, model_validator
 
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ class I18N(BaseModel):
     def errors(self, error: str) -> str:
         return self.retrieve("errors", error)
 
-    def tools(self, error: str) -> str:
-        return self.retrieve("tools", error)
+    def tools(self, tool: str) -> Union[str, Dict[str, str]]:
+        return self.retrieve("tools", tool)
 
     def retrieve(self, kind, key) -> str:
         try: