fix: handle unpickleable values in flow state

lib/crewai/src/crewai/flow/flow.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import logging
 from typing import (
     Any,
     ClassVar,
-    Final,
     Generic,
     Literal,
     ParamSpec,
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ from crewai.events.types.flow_events import (
     MethodExecutionFinishedEvent,
     MethodExecutionStartedEvent,
 )
-from crewai.flow.visualization import build_flow_structure, render_interactive
+from crewai.flow.constants import AND_CONDITION, OR_CONDITION
 from crewai.flow.flow_wrappers import (
     FlowCondition,
     FlowConditions,
@@ -58,18 +57,16 @@ from crewai.flow.flow_wrappers import (
 from crewai.flow.persistence.base import FlowPersistence
 from crewai.flow.types import FlowExecutionData, FlowMethodName, PendingListenerKey
 from crewai.flow.utils import (
+    _extract_all_methods,
+    _normalize_condition,
     get_possible_return_constants,
     is_flow_condition_dict,
-    is_flow_condition_list,
     is_flow_method,
     is_flow_method_callable,
     is_flow_method_name,
     is_simple_flow_condition,
-    _extract_all_methods,
-    _extract_all_methods_recursive,
-    _normalize_condition,
 )
-from crewai.flow.constants import AND_CONDITION, OR_CONDITION
+from crewai.flow.visualization import build_flow_structure, render_interactive
 from crewai.utilities.printer import Printer, PrinterColor
 
 
@@ -495,7 +492,7 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
             or should_auto_collect_first_time_traces()
         ):
             trace_listener = TraceCollectionListener()
-            trace_listener.setup_listeners(crewai_event_bus)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+            trace_listener.setup_listeners(crewai_event_bus)
         # Apply any additional kwargs
         if kwargs:
             self._initialize_state(kwargs)
@@ -601,7 +598,26 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
         )
 
     def _copy_state(self) -> T:
+        """Create a copy of the current state.
+
+        Returns:
+            A copy of the current state
+        """
+        if isinstance(self._state, BaseModel):
+            try:
+                return self._state.model_copy(deep=True)
+            except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+                try:
+                    state_dict = self._state.model_dump()
+                    model_class = type(self._state)
+                    return model_class(**state_dict)
+                except Exception:
+                    return self._state.model_copy(deep=False)
+        else:
+            try:
                 return copy.deepcopy(self._state)
+            except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+                return cast(T, self._state.copy())
 
     @property
     def state(self) -> T:
@@ -926,8 +942,8 @@ class Flow(Generic[T], metaclass=FlowMeta):
                 trace_listener = TraceCollectionListener()
                 if trace_listener.batch_manager.batch_owner_type == "flow":
                     if trace_listener.first_time_handler.is_first_time:
-                        trace_listener.first_time_handler.mark_events_collected()  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+                        trace_listener.first_time_handler.mark_events_collected()
-                        trace_listener.first_time_handler.handle_execution_completion()  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+                        trace_listener.first_time_handler.handle_execution_completion()
                     else:
                         trace_listener.batch_manager.finalize_batch()
 

lib/crewai/tests/test_flow.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import threading
 from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Optional
 
 import pytest
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -1384,3 +1385,110 @@ def test_mixed_sync_async_execution_order():
     ]
 
     assert execution_order == expected_order
+
+
+def test_flow_copy_state_with_unpickleable_objects():
+    """Test that _copy_state handles unpickleable objects like RLock.
+
+    Regression test for issue #3828: Flow should not crash when state contains
+    objects that cannot be deep copied (like threading.RLock).
+    """
+
+    class StateWithRLock(BaseModel):
+        counter: int = 0
+        lock: Optional[threading.RLock] = None
+
+    class FlowWithRLock(Flow[StateWithRLock]):
+        @start()
+        def step_1(self):
+            self.state.counter += 1
+
+        @listen(step_1)
+        def step_2(self):
+            self.state.counter += 1
+
+    flow = FlowWithRLock(initial_state=StateWithRLock())
+    flow._state.lock = threading.RLock()
+
+    copied_state = flow._copy_state()
+    assert copied_state.counter == 0
+    assert copied_state.lock is not None
+
+
+def test_flow_copy_state_with_nested_unpickleable_objects():
+    """Test that _copy_state handles unpickleable objects nested in containers.
+
+    Regression test for issue #3828: Verifies that unpickleable objects
+    nested inside dicts/lists in state don't cause crashes.
+    """
+
+    class NestedState(BaseModel):
+        data: dict = {}
+        items: list = []
+
+    class FlowWithNestedUnpickleable(Flow[NestedState]):
+        @start()
+        def step_1(self):
+            self.state.data["lock"] = threading.RLock()
+            self.state.data["value"] = 42
+
+        @listen(step_1)
+        def step_2(self):
+            self.state.items.append(threading.Lock())
+            self.state.items.append("normal_value")
+
+    flow = FlowWithNestedUnpickleable(initial_state=NestedState())
+    flow.kickoff()
+
+    assert flow.state.data["value"] == 42
+    assert len(flow.state.items) == 2
+
+
+def test_flow_copy_state_without_unpickleable_objects():
+    """Test that _copy_state still works normally with pickleable objects.
+
+    Ensures that the fallback logic doesn't break normal deep copy behavior.
+    """
+
+    class NormalState(BaseModel):
+        counter: int = 0
+        data: str = ""
+        nested: dict = {}
+
+    class NormalFlow(Flow[NormalState]):
+        @start()
+        def step_1(self):
+            self.state.counter = 5
+            self.state.data = "test"
+            self.state.nested = {"key": "value"}
+
+    flow = NormalFlow(initial_state=NormalState())
+    flow.state.counter = 10
+    flow.state.data = "modified"
+    flow.state.nested["key"] = "modified"
+
+    copied_state = flow._copy_state()
+    assert copied_state.counter == 10
+    assert copied_state.data == "modified"
+    assert copied_state.nested["key"] == "modified"
+
+    flow.state.nested["key"] = "changed_after_copy"
+    assert copied_state.nested["key"] == "modified"
+
+
+def test_flow_copy_state_with_dict_state():
+    """Test that _copy_state works with dict-based states."""
+
+    class DictFlow(Flow[dict]):
+        @start()
+        def step_1(self):
+            self.state["counter"] = 1
+
+    flow = DictFlow()
+    flow.state["test"] = "value"
+
+    copied_state = flow._copy_state()
+    assert copied_state["test"] == "value"
+
+    flow.state["test"] = "modified"
+    assert copied_state["test"] == "value"