From c205d2e8de6f7c9fe47d22cc91e5852fdf211fe1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lorenze Jay <63378463+lorenzejay@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2025 08:38:13 -0800
Subject: [PATCH] feat: implement before and after LLM call hooks in
 CrewAgentExecutor (#3893)

- Added support for before and after LLM call hooks to allow modification of messages and responses during LLM interactions.
- Introduced LLMCallHookContext to provide hooks with access to the executor state, enabling in-place modifications of messages.
- Updated get_llm_response function to utilize the new hooks, ensuring that modifications persist across iterations.
- Enhanced tests to verify the functionality of the hooks and their error handling capabilities, ensuring robust execution flow.
---
 .../src/crewai/agents/crew_agent_executor.py  |   9 +
 .../src/crewai/utilities/agent_utils.py       |  99 +++++-
 .../src/crewai/utilities/llm_call_hooks.py    | 115 +++++++
 lib/crewai/tests/agents/test_agent.py         | 290 ++++++++++++++++++
 ...after_llm_call_hook_modifies_messages.yaml | 126 ++++++++
 ..._modifies_messages_for_next_iteration.yaml | 222 ++++++++++++++
 ...efore_llm_call_hook_modifies_messages.yaml | 127 ++++++++
 ..._hooks_can_modify_executor_attributes.yaml | 262 ++++++++++++++++
 .../test_llm_call_hooks_error_handling.yaml   | 159 ++++++++++
 .../test_llm_call_hooks_with_crew.yaml        | 182 +++++++++++
 10 files changed, 1590 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/llm_call_hooks.py
 create mode 100644 lib/crewai/tests/cassettes/test_after_llm_call_hook_modifies_messages.yaml
 create mode 100644 lib/crewai/tests/cassettes/test_after_llm_call_hook_modifies_messages_for_next_iteration.yaml
 create mode 100644 lib/crewai/tests/cassettes/test_before_llm_call_hook_modifies_messages.yaml
 create mode 100644 lib/crewai/tests/cassettes/test_llm_call_hooks_can_modify_executor_attributes.yaml
 create mode 100644 lib/crewai/tests/cassettes/test_llm_call_hooks_error_handling.yaml
 create mode 100644 lib/crewai/tests/cassettes/test_llm_call_hooks_with_crew.yaml

diff --git a/lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/crew_agent_executor.py b/lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/crew_agent_executor.py
index 5b806658c..d44c984d4 100644
--- a/lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/crew_agent_executor.py
+++ b/lib/crewai/src/crewai/agents/crew_agent_executor.py
@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ from crewai.utilities.agent_utils import (
 )
 from crewai.utilities.constants import TRAINING_DATA_FILE
 from crewai.utilities.i18n import I18N, get_i18n
+from crewai.utilities.llm_call_hooks import (
+    get_after_llm_call_hooks,
+    get_before_llm_call_hooks,
+)
 from crewai.utilities.printer import Printer
 from crewai.utilities.tool_utils import execute_tool_and_check_finality
 from crewai.utilities.training_handler import CrewTrainingHandler
@@ -130,6 +134,10 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(CrewAgentExecutorMixin):
         self.messages: list[LLMMessage] = []
         self.iterations = 0
         self.log_error_after = 3
+        self.before_llm_call_hooks: list[Callable] = []
+        self.after_llm_call_hooks: list[Callable] = []
+        self.before_llm_call_hooks.extend(get_before_llm_call_hooks())
+        self.after_llm_call_hooks.extend(get_after_llm_call_hooks())
         if self.llm:
             # This may be mutating the shared llm object and needs further evaluation
             existing_stop = getattr(self.llm, "stop", [])
@@ -226,6 +234,7 @@ class CrewAgentExecutor(CrewAgentExecutorMixin):
                     from_task=self.task,
                     from_agent=self.agent,
                     response_model=self.response_model,
+                    executor_context=self,
                 )
                 formatted_answer = process_llm_response(answer, self.use_stop_words)  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
diff --git a/lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/agent_utils.py b/lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/agent_utils.py
index a6403c315..d9b4f148b 100644
--- a/lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/agent_utils.py
+++ b/lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/agent_utils.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from crewai.utilities.types import LLMMessage
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from crewai.agent import Agent
+    from crewai.agents.crew_agent_executor import CrewAgentExecutor
     from crewai.lite_agent import LiteAgent
     from crewai.llm import LLM
     from crewai.task import Task
@@ -236,6 +237,7 @@ def get_llm_response(
     from_task: Task | None = None,
     from_agent: Agent | LiteAgent | None = None,
     response_model: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
+    executor_context: CrewAgentExecutor | None = None,
 ) -> str:
     """Call the LLM and return the response, handling any invalid responses.
 
@@ -247,6 +249,7 @@ def get_llm_response(
         from_task: Optional task context for the LLM call
         from_agent: Optional agent context for the LLM call
         response_model: Optional Pydantic model for structured outputs
+        executor_context: Optional executor context for hook invocation
 
     Returns:
         The response from the LLM as a string
@@ -255,6 +258,11 @@ def get_llm_response(
         Exception: If an error occurs.
         ValueError: If the response is None or empty.
     """
+
+    if executor_context is not None:
+        _setup_before_llm_call_hooks(executor_context, printer)
+        messages = executor_context.messages
+
     try:
         answer = llm.call(
             messages,
@@ -272,7 +280,7 @@ def get_llm_response(
         )
         raise ValueError("Invalid response from LLM call - None or empty.")
 
-    return answer
+    return _setup_after_llm_call_hooks(executor_context, answer, printer)
 
 
 def process_llm_response(
@@ -661,3 +669,92 @@ def load_agent_from_repository(from_repository: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
             else:
                 attributes[key] = value
     return attributes
+
+
+def _setup_before_llm_call_hooks(
+    executor_context: CrewAgentExecutor | None, printer: Printer
+) -> None:
+    """Setup and invoke before_llm_call hooks for the executor context.
+
+    Args:
+        executor_context: The executor context to setup the hooks for.
+        printer: Printer instance for error logging.
+    """
+    if executor_context and executor_context.before_llm_call_hooks:
+        from crewai.utilities.llm_call_hooks import LLMCallHookContext
+
+        original_messages = executor_context.messages
+
+        hook_context = LLMCallHookContext(executor_context)
+        try:
+            for hook in executor_context.before_llm_call_hooks:
+                hook(hook_context)
+        except Exception as e:
+            printer.print(
+                content=f"Error in before_llm_call hook: {e}",
+                color="yellow",
+            )
+
+        if not isinstance(executor_context.messages, list):
+            printer.print(
+                content=(
+                    "Warning: before_llm_call hook replaced messages with non-list. "
+                    "Restoring original messages list. Hooks should modify messages in-place, "
+                    "not replace the list (e.g., use context.messages.append() not context.messages = [])."
+                ),
+                color="yellow",
+            )
+            if isinstance(original_messages, list):
+                executor_context.messages = original_messages
+            else:
+                executor_context.messages = []
+
+
+def _setup_after_llm_call_hooks(
+    executor_context: CrewAgentExecutor | None,
+    answer: str,
+    printer: Printer,
+) -> str:
+    """Setup and invoke after_llm_call hooks for the executor context.
+
+    Args:
+        executor_context: The executor context to setup the hooks for.
+        answer: The LLM response string.
+        printer: Printer instance for error logging.
+
+    Returns:
+        The potentially modified response string.
+    """
+    if executor_context and executor_context.after_llm_call_hooks:
+        from crewai.utilities.llm_call_hooks import LLMCallHookContext
+
+        original_messages = executor_context.messages
+
+        hook_context = LLMCallHookContext(executor_context, response=answer)
+        try:
+            for hook in executor_context.after_llm_call_hooks:
+                modified_response = hook(hook_context)
+                if modified_response is not None and isinstance(modified_response, str):
+                    answer = modified_response
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            printer.print(
+                content=f"Error in after_llm_call hook: {e}",
+                color="yellow",
+            )
+
+        if not isinstance(executor_context.messages, list):
+            printer.print(
+                content=(
+                    "Warning: after_llm_call hook replaced messages with non-list. "
+                    "Restoring original messages list. Hooks should modify messages in-place, "
+                    "not replace the list (e.g., use context.messages.append() not context.messages = [])."
+                ),
+                color="yellow",
+            )
+            if isinstance(original_messages, list):
+                executor_context.messages = original_messages
+            else:
+                executor_context.messages = []
+
+    return answer
diff --git a/lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/llm_call_hooks.py b/lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/llm_call_hooks.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf6b81b36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/crewai/src/crewai/utilities/llm_call_hooks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from crewai.agents.crew_agent_executor import CrewAgentExecutor
+
+
+class LLMCallHookContext:
+    """Context object passed to LLM call hooks with full executor access.
+
+    Provides hooks with complete access to the executor state, allowing
+    modification of messages, responses, and executor attributes.
+
+    Attributes:
+        executor: Full reference to the CrewAgentExecutor instance
+        messages: Direct reference to executor.messages (mutable list).
+            Can be modified in both before_llm_call and after_llm_call hooks.
+            Modifications in after_llm_call hooks persist to the next iteration,
+            allowing hooks to modify conversation history for subsequent LLM calls.
+            IMPORTANT: Modify messages in-place (e.g., append, extend, remove items).
+            Do NOT replace the list (e.g., context.messages = []), as this will break
+            the executor. Use context.messages.append() or context.messages.extend()
+            instead of assignment.
+        agent: Reference to the agent executing the task
+        task: Reference to the task being executed
+        crew: Reference to the crew instance
+        llm: Reference to the LLM instance
+        iterations: Current iteration count
+        response: LLM response string (only set for after_llm_call hooks).
+            Can be modified by returning a new string from after_llm_call hook.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        executor: CrewAgentExecutor,
+        response: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize hook context with executor reference.
+
+        Args:
+            executor: The CrewAgentExecutor instance
+            response: Optional response string (for after_llm_call hooks)
+        """
+        self.executor = executor
+        self.messages = executor.messages
+        self.agent = executor.agent
+        self.task = executor.task
+        self.crew = executor.crew
+        self.llm = executor.llm
+        self.iterations = executor.iterations
+        self.response = response
+
+
+# Global hook registries (optional convenience feature)
+_before_llm_call_hooks: list[Callable[[LLMCallHookContext], None]] = []
+_after_llm_call_hooks: list[Callable[[LLMCallHookContext], str | None]] = []
+
+
+def register_before_llm_call_hook(
+    hook: Callable[[LLMCallHookContext], None],
+) -> None:
+    """Register a global before_llm_call hook.
+
+    Global hooks are added to all executors automatically.
+    This is a convenience function for registering hooks that should
+    apply to all LLM calls across all executors.
+
+    Args:
+        hook: Function that receives LLMCallHookContext and can modify
+            context.messages directly. Should return None.
+            IMPORTANT: Modify messages in-place (append, extend, remove items).
+            Do NOT replace the list (context.messages = []), as this will break execution.
+    """
+    _before_llm_call_hooks.append(hook)
+
+
+def register_after_llm_call_hook(
+    hook: Callable[[LLMCallHookContext], str | None],
+) -> None:
+    """Register a global after_llm_call hook.
+
+    Global hooks are added to all executors automatically.
+    This is a convenience function for registering hooks that should
+    apply to all LLM calls across all executors.
+
+    Args:
+        hook: Function that receives LLMCallHookContext and can modify:
+            - The response: Return modified response string or None to keep original
+            - The messages: Modify context.messages directly (mutable reference)
+            Both modifications are supported and can be used together.
+            IMPORTANT: Modify messages in-place (append, extend, remove items).
+            Do NOT replace the list (context.messages = []), as this will break execution.
+    """
+    _after_llm_call_hooks.append(hook)
+
+
+def get_before_llm_call_hooks() -> list[Callable[[LLMCallHookContext], None]]:
+    """Get all registered global before_llm_call hooks.
+
+    Returns:
+        List of registered before hooks
+    """
+    return _before_llm_call_hooks.copy()
+
+
+def get_after_llm_call_hooks() -> list[Callable[[LLMCallHookContext], str | None]]:
+    """Get all registered global after_llm_call hooks.
+
+    Returns:
+        List of registered after hooks
+    """
+    return _after_llm_call_hooks.copy()
diff --git a/lib/crewai/tests/agents/test_agent.py b/lib/crewai/tests/agents/test_agent.py
index 4fd1f3b5b..21f08a336 100644
--- a/lib/crewai/tests/agents/test_agent.py
+++ b/lib/crewai/tests/agents/test_agent.py
@@ -2714,3 +2714,293 @@ def test_agent_without_apps_no_platform_tools():
 
     tools = crew._prepare_tools(agent, task, [])
     assert tools == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.vcr(filter_headers=["authorization"])
+def test_before_llm_call_hook_modifies_messages():
+    """Test that before_llm_call hooks can modify messages."""
+    from crewai.utilities.llm_call_hooks import LLMCallHookContext, register_before_llm_call_hook
+
+    hook_called = False
+    original_message_count = 0
+
+    def before_hook(context: LLMCallHookContext) -> None:
+        nonlocal hook_called, original_message_count
+        hook_called = True
+        original_message_count = len(context.messages)
+        context.messages.append({
+            "role": "user",
+            "content": "Additional context: This is a test modification."
+        })
+
+    register_before_llm_call_hook(before_hook)
+
+    try:
+        agent = Agent(
+            role="Test Agent",
+            goal="Test goal",
+            backstory="Test backstory",
+            allow_delegation=False,
+        )
+
+        task = Task(
+            description="Say hello",
+            expected_output="A greeting",
+            agent=agent,
+        )
+
+        result = agent.execute_task(task)
+
+        assert hook_called, "before_llm_call hook should have been called"
+        assert len(agent.agent_executor.messages) > original_message_count
+        assert result is not None
+    finally:
+        pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.vcr(filter_headers=["authorization"])
+def test_after_llm_call_hook_modifies_messages_for_next_iteration():
+    """Test that after_llm_call hooks can modify messages for the next iteration."""
+    from crewai.utilities.llm_call_hooks import LLMCallHookContext, register_after_llm_call_hook
+
+    hook_call_count = 0
+    hook_iterations = []
+    messages_added_in_iteration_0 = False
+    test_message_content = "HOOK_ADDED_MESSAGE_FOR_NEXT_ITERATION"
+
+    def after_hook(context: LLMCallHookContext) -> str | None:
+        nonlocal hook_call_count, hook_iterations, messages_added_in_iteration_0
+        hook_call_count += 1
+        current_iteration = context.iterations
+        hook_iterations.append(current_iteration)
+
+        if current_iteration == 0:
+            messages_before = len(context.messages)
+            context.messages.append({
+                "role": "user",
+                "content": test_message_content
+            })
+            messages_added_in_iteration_0 = True
+            assert len(context.messages) == messages_before + 1
+
+        return None
+
+    register_after_llm_call_hook(after_hook)
+
+    try:
+        agent = Agent(
+            role="Test Agent",
+            goal="Test goal",
+            backstory="Test backstory",
+            allow_delegation=False,
+            max_iter=3,
+        )
+
+        task = Task(
+            description="Count to 3, taking your time",
+            expected_output="A count",
+            agent=agent,
+        )
+
+        result = agent.execute_task(task)
+
+        assert hook_call_count > 0, "after_llm_call hook should have been called"
+        assert messages_added_in_iteration_0, "Message should have been added in iteration 0"
+
+        executor_messages = agent.agent_executor.messages
+        message_contents = [msg.get("content", "") for msg in executor_messages if isinstance(msg, dict)]
+        assert any(test_message_content in content for content in message_contents), (
+            f"Message added by hook in iteration 0 should be present in executor messages. "
+            f"Messages: {message_contents}"
+        )
+
+        assert len(executor_messages) > 2, "Executor should have more than initial messages"
+        assert result is not None
+    finally:
+        pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.vcr(filter_headers=["authorization"])
+def test_after_llm_call_hook_modifies_messages():
+    """Test that after_llm_call hooks can modify messages for next iteration."""
+    from crewai.utilities.llm_call_hooks import LLMCallHookContext, register_after_llm_call_hook
+
+    hook_called = False
+    messages_before_hook = 0
+
+    def after_hook(context: LLMCallHookContext) -> str | None:
+        nonlocal hook_called, messages_before_hook
+        hook_called = True
+        messages_before_hook = len(context.messages)
+        context.messages.append({
+            "role": "user",
+            "content": "Remember: This is iteration 2 context."
+        })
+        return None  # Don't modify response
+
+    register_after_llm_call_hook(after_hook)
+
+    try:
+        agent = Agent(
+            role="Test Agent",
+            goal="Test goal",
+            backstory="Test backstory",
+            allow_delegation=False,
+            max_iter=2,
+        )
+
+        task = Task(
+            description="Count to 2",
+            expected_output="A count",
+            agent=agent,
+        )
+
+        result = agent.execute_task(task)
+
+        assert hook_called, "after_llm_call hook should have been called"
+        assert len(agent.agent_executor.messages) > messages_before_hook
+        assert result is not None
+    finally:
+        pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.vcr(filter_headers=["authorization"])
+def test_llm_call_hooks_with_crew():
+    """Test that LLM call hooks work with crew execution."""
+    from crewai.utilities.llm_call_hooks import (
+        LLMCallHookContext,
+        register_after_llm_call_hook,
+        register_before_llm_call_hook,
+    )
+
+    before_hook_called = False
+    after_hook_called = False
+
+    def before_hook(context: LLMCallHookContext) -> None:
+        nonlocal before_hook_called
+        before_hook_called = True
+        assert context.executor is not None
+        assert context.agent is not None
+        assert context.task is not None
+        context.messages.append({
+            "role": "system",
+            "content": "Additional system context from hook."
+        })
+
+    def after_hook(context: LLMCallHookContext) -> str | None:
+        nonlocal after_hook_called
+        after_hook_called = True
+        assert context.response is not None
+        assert len(context.messages) > 0
+        return None
+
+    register_before_llm_call_hook(before_hook)
+    register_after_llm_call_hook(after_hook)
+
+    try:
+        agent = Agent(
+            role="Researcher",
+            goal="Research topics",
+            backstory="You are a researcher",
+            allow_delegation=False,
+        )
+
+        task = Task(
+            description="Research AI frameworks",
+            expected_output="A research summary",
+            agent=agent,
+        )
+
+        crew = Crew(agents=[agent], tasks=[task])
+        result = crew.kickoff()
+
+        assert before_hook_called, "before_llm_call hook should have been called"
+        assert after_hook_called, "after_llm_call hook should have been called"
+        assert result is not None
+        assert result.raw is not None
+    finally:
+        pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.vcr(filter_headers=["authorization"])
+def test_llm_call_hooks_can_modify_executor_attributes():
+    """Test that hooks can access and modify executor attributes like tools."""
+    from crewai.utilities.llm_call_hooks import LLMCallHookContext, register_before_llm_call_hook
+    from crewai.tools import tool
+
+    @tool
+    def test_tool() -> str:
+        """A test tool."""
+        return "test result"
+
+    hook_called = False
+    original_tools_count = 0
+
+    def before_hook(context: LLMCallHookContext) -> None:
+        nonlocal hook_called, original_tools_count
+        hook_called = True
+        original_tools_count = len(context.executor.tools)
+        assert context.executor.max_iter > 0
+        assert context.executor.iterations >= 0
+        assert context.executor.tools is not None
+
+    register_before_llm_call_hook(before_hook)
+
+    try:
+        agent = Agent(
+            role="Test Agent",
+            goal="Test goal",
+            backstory="Test backstory",
+            tools=[test_tool],
+            allow_delegation=False,
+        )
+
+        task = Task(
+            description="Use the test tool",
+            expected_output="Tool result",
+            agent=agent,
+        )
+
+        result = agent.execute_task(task)
+
+        assert hook_called, "before_llm_call hook should have been called"
+        assert original_tools_count >= 0
+        assert result is not None
+    finally:
+        pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.vcr(filter_headers=["authorization"])
+def test_llm_call_hooks_error_handling():
+    """Test that hook errors don't break execution."""
+    from crewai.utilities.llm_call_hooks import LLMCallHookContext, register_before_llm_call_hook
+
+    hook_called = False
+
+    def error_hook(context: LLMCallHookContext) -> None:
+        nonlocal hook_called
+        hook_called = True
+        raise ValueError("Test hook error")
+
+    register_before_llm_call_hook(error_hook)
+
+    try:
+        agent = Agent(
+            role="Test Agent",
+            goal="Test goal",
+            backstory="Test backstory",
+            allow_delegation=False,
+        )
+
+        task = Task(
+            description="Say hello",
+            expected_output="A greeting",
+            agent=agent,
+        )
+
+        result = agent.execute_task(task)
+
+        assert hook_called, "before_llm_call hook should have been called"
+        assert result is not None
+    finally:
+        pass
diff --git a/lib/crewai/tests/cassettes/test_after_llm_call_hook_modifies_messages.yaml b/lib/crewai/tests/cassettes/test_after_llm_call_hook_modifies_messages.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de4aa44bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/crewai/tests/cassettes/test_after_llm_call_hook_modifies_messages.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+interactions:
+- request:
+    body: '{"messages":[{"role":"system","content":"You are Test Agent. Test backstory\nYour
+      personal goal is: Test goal\nTo give my best complete final answer to the task
+      respond using the exact following format:\n\nThought: I now can give a great
+      answer\nFinal Answer: Your final answer must be the great and the most complete
+      as possible, it must be outcome described.\n\nI MUST use these formats, my job
+      depends on it!"},{"role":"user","content":"\nCurrent Task: Count to 2\n\nThis
+      is the expected criteria for your final answer: A count\nyou MUST return the
+      actual complete content as the final answer, not a summary.\n\nBegin! This is
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